1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 218及答案与解析 Section A 0 One lunchtime, May Ward was doing her shopping in a local supermarket, when she suddenly slipped and fell. She was badly shaken and bruised but【 C1】 _nothing serious resulted. It turned out that she has slipped on some ice-cream which had been spilled on the
2、floor. Two weeks later she wrote to the firm to claim compensation. She asserted that they had been negligent and【 C2】 _in not keeping the floor clean. The firm denied it and【 C3】 _that they had a proper system and【 C4】 _for keeping the floor clean. Since Mrs. Ward felt that she was【 C5】 _to compens
3、ation, she sued the firm in the Law Courts. Here the firm claimed that it did not follow, just because someone has slipped on the floor, that they must have been negligent carrying out their duties. They said that unless the customer could prove how the ice-cream came to be on the floor, and how lon
4、g it had been left there before the accident happened, she had not made out a proper【 C6】 _against them. But the judge took a different view. He said that the accident would not have happened at all if the firm had taken【 C7】 _care. It was up to the firm, he said, to provide【 C8】 _, that the acciden
5、t did not【 C9】_from any negligence on their part. They would【 C10】 _be in a better position than the customer to establish how long the ice-cream had been spilt and explain the circumstances to the Courts. The final result was that Mrs. Ward received 137 as payment for damages. A)reasonable B)obviou
6、sly C)evidence D)case E)innocent F)inconvenience G)derive H)maintained I)entitled J)arise K)careless L)unexpectedly M)determine N)fortunately O)instructions 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 How to Love the World As It Is? AIt struck me re
7、cently that a lot of people think they know whats wrong with this world, and it also struck me that theyre all wrong. Seriously almost every political and religious group, every opinionated person, every publication with an opinion, has said at one time or another what they think is wrong with this
8、world. So whats really wrong with the world, in my opinion? Not a thing. BIt seems to be a prevailing world-view that the world is messed up, that there are just a few things wrong with it, and if we could only get those things to change, the world would be great. If we could just educate people and
9、 get them to realize whats wrong with this world, things could change. CThis type of view of the world stems from an ideal that many people have in their heads of what the world should be like. They might not realize they have that ideal, but its there. And the world will never reach this Platonic i
10、deal, because its just this image of perfection that does not match reality. Reality and this ideal are incompatible. DSo whats wrong with that view? Nothings wrong with it, actually. Thats how most people are, and I dont think I can change that, nor would I want to. I thought it would be an interes
11、ting discussion, though, because I think this discrepancy between what people think the world should be and what the world really is can cause unhappiness. If you want the world to be completely vegetarian and kind to animals, and it isnt and wont be in the foreseeable future, you will most likely b
12、e unhappy. If you want the world to go back to how it was during your childhood, or during your parents generation, and it isnt likely to do so, youre not going to be happy. The same is true of any of our ideals. Its very possible that the reality of the people in your life dont meet these ideals. T
13、hat might cause you to be unhappy with them. When reality doesnt meet ideals and it rarely does we become unhappy. ESo whats the alternative? Im not proposing that you, or anyone else, change your world-view. If you, or anyone else, are happy with that world-view, dont change it. But there is an alt
14、ernative, and Im not saying its better. Its the world-view I try to have: instead of having an ideal, stop looking for perfection. Accept the world as it is, and love it for what it is. Accept people as they are, and love them. FWhat would be the result of this alternative world-view? Well, I think
15、youd be happier, if only because you didnt see the world as a fundamentally flawed or evil place, and began to see the good in the world. This, however, is open to individual interpretation, and your own experience is likely to be different than mine. GDoes this mean that we should give up on trying
16、 to make positive changes in the world? Should we stop trying to make the world a better place? No! Dont ever stop trying to do good things! Even if the world is already, a good place, we can always find happiness and satisfaction in trying to do good, in trying to make peoples lives better. HBut wh
17、at about all the evil and suffering in the world? Should we accept and love that as well? Thats the toughest part, I think. Its hard to accept that people are dying of diseases and famine and war and murder and abuse, and perhaps impossible to love that aspect of the world. You dont have to love it,
18、 but it helps to try to really understand it. Why does this happen? What are the deeper reasons? At the heart of the deepest reasons is humanity we are all flawed creatures in some way, and thats what makes us human and beautiful. IWhy would someone commit violence, for example? Because they are evi
19、l? There are numerous reasons, but at the heart of it is probably that this person was hurt, abandoned, abused, or neglected in some way, at some point in his life. That person needs our compassion more than anyone. And if we try to understand this person, or understand the heart of any violence in
20、the world, then we can better apply the love and compassion thats needed to heal this pain and make the world a better place. JSo lets say that youd like to try this world-view. Youd like to love people, and the entire world, as it is, and not as youd like it to be. How do you go about doing that? T
21、here are six things I recommend doing. K(1)Stop looking for perfection and ideals. Realize that you have an ideal in your head, and that it is probably incompatible with the world. It might be an ideal about a person, or about how things should be. The world and people are not perfect. Stop looking
22、for perfection, and realize that it is already here. L(2)Observe. Instead of looking at this ideal picture in your head, look at whats really there. What is the world really like? What are people really like? The only way to know this is to observe. Listen to people. Look at the world around you. Ga
23、ther data, from reality. M(3)Understand. Now that you have this data, start asking questions. Why are people the way they are? Why did someone do what they did? Why does this problem really exist? Dont stop at the first answers you come up with dig deeper, and deeper, until you really understand som
24、ething. Seek to understand before you judge, in all situations. Sometimes that will require imagination you wont be able to really know the root of something unless you personally investigate everything, but instead sometimes you can try to imagine what made a person the way they are, or a situation
25、 what it is. N(4)Accept. Once youve observed and begun to understand, accept that this is the way the world is. This is who the person is. The world isnt going to meet any ideal it is what it is, and while it will always change, it probably wont change to meet your ideal. The person in question is e
26、xactly the same they wont meet your ideal, but are who they are. Accept this as fact. O(5)Love and Compassion. Once youve accepted things or people as they are, try to find it in your heart to love them, as they are. The way to do this is to see the good in everything and everyone, and if youve soug
27、ht to really look and understand, you will find good in everything. P(6)Enjoy Life. The world is a wonderful place once youve accepted it for what it is and sought to love it. People are wonderful creatures, full of life and creativity and messiness and uniqueness. Accept this, understand it, love i
28、t. And enjoy this gift weve been given, for it is incredible. And perfect, just as it is. 11 The prevailing belief is that the world is in a mess and a change of the situation would make the world become better. 12 There have been wars, murders and abuses due to our humanity. 13 The only way to find
29、 out what the world is really like is to observe. 14 From my point of view, there is nothing wrong with the world. 15 We can always find satisfaction in trying to make the world a better place. 16 The alternative world-view I suggest is to stop searching for perfection and accept the world as it is.
30、 17 It is ones suffering that contributes to his commitment of violence. 18 It is advocated that one should try to understand before making a judgment. 19 Perfection is an ideal that the world will never reach because it dos not match reality. 20 When there is a discrepancy between ideal and the rea
31、lity, people are most likely to become depressed. Section C 20 The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions(收购 )ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are look
32、ing at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figur
33、e is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial p
34、roduction of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave .are the same that underlie the
35、 globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. All these, are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the worlds wealth i
36、ncreases. Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could recreate the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The me
37、rgers of telecom companies, such as World Com, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Niss
38、an but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the mega mergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic
39、banks that are being created? Wont multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about violation to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition“ on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Mic
40、rosoft case? 21 What is mentioned about the wave of merger and acquisition? （ A） It is warmly welcomed by the American and European countries. （ B） It turns to be an uncontrollable anti-competitive force. （ C） It sweeps the world with unprecedented force. （ D） It is a new trend in the business world
41、 that never appeared before. 22 The author cited the multinationals in Argentina in order to _. （ A） arouse concern over the stability of the world economy （ B） criticize the overemphasis on the development of multinationals （ C） be a contrast to the insufficient concern about smaller national firms
42、 （ D） illustrate the increasing importance of multinationals in international trades 23 The forces behind the wave of merger and acquisition will result in _. （ A） enhanced markets （ B） advantages to customers （ C） lower trade cost （ D） the initiating of globalization 24 The Standard Oil trust was b
43、roken up because _. （ A） the idea of merger was not welcome a century ago （ B） it became so powerful that it endangered competition （ C） it gained only very scanty benefits from the market （ D） the U.S. market was not yet used to competition 25 In the last paragraph, the author most probably agrees
44、that_. （ A） mega banking mergers will not appear because of Greenspans warning （ B） multihationals always try to avoid violating fair competition （ C） the attitude towards unfair competition varies from nation to nation （ D） the U.S. shouldnt have sued Microsoft for unfair competition 25 It is a com
45、mon belief that sharp frosts color the autumn leaves. As a matter of fact, such frosts are far more likely to turn leaves black or dull brown than to give them the gorgeous tints we admire. The coloring of the leaves in the fall is a chemical process that is favored by gradual cooling rather than su
46、dden cold. It is not entirely confined to the autumn. Bright red and yellow leaves are often found on the swamp maple and other trees, even in summer. Through the season of growth the leaves serve as food factories for the trees. In their tiny cells the carbon of the air is combined with materials b
47、rought up by the tree fluid from the roots to form the starch, sugar, and other substances by which the whole tree is fed. The food-making process is performed by sunshine with the aid of a substance called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a mixture of several pigments, or coloring matters. One of these
48、is green, and gives the leaves their ordinary color. Another is yellow and is the same substance that, on account of its abundance in growing grass, makes butter particularly yellow in the spring. When the cool weather sets in and the growth of vegetation slows down, the trees need less food and gra
49、dually suspend work in the leaf factories. Both the food and the chlorophyll in the leaves are drawn into the body of the tree and stored up for use in the spring. This transfer involves many chemical changes. One of them is the breaking up of the chlorophyll into the substances of which it is composed. The green pigment passes out of the leaves before the yellow. Thus yellow becomes one of the prevailing hues of the a
