1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 220及答案与解析 Section C 0 International governments inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的 ) approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allow
2、s us to filter out emotionalism and ideology; that data will help us do remarkable things like foretell the future. Over the next year, Im hoping to get a better grip on some of the questions raised by the data revolution: in what situations should we rely on intuitive pattern recognition and in whi
3、ch situations should we ignore intuition and follow the data? What kinds of events are predictable using statistical analysis and what sorts of events are not? I confess I enter this in a skeptical frame of mind, believing that we tend to get carried away in our desire to reduce everything to the qu
4、antifiable. But at the outset let me celebrate two things data does really well. First, its really good at exposing when our intuitive view of reality is wrong. For example, nearly every person who runs for political office has an intuitive sense that they can powerfully influence their odds of winn
5、ing the election if they can just raise and spend more money. But this is largely wrong. After the 2006 election, Scan Trende constructed a graph comparing the incumbent (在任者的 ) campaign spending advantages with their eventual margins of victory. There was barely any relationship between more spendi
6、ng and a bigger victory. Likewise, many teachers have an intuitive sense that different students have different learning styles: some are verbal and some are visual; some are linear, some are holistic(整体的 ). Teachers imagine they will improve outcomes if they tailor their presentations to each stude
7、nt. But theres no evidence to support this either. Second, data can illuminate patterns of behavior we havent yet noticed. For example, Ive always assumed people who frequently use words like “I,“ “me,“ and “mine“ are probably more self-centered than people who dont. But as James Pennebaker of the U
8、niversity of Texas notes in his book, The Secret Life of Pronouns, when people are feeling confident, they are focused on the task at hand, not on themselves. High-status, confident people use fewer “I“ words, not more. Our brains often dont notice subtle verbal patterns, but Pennebakers computers c
9、an. Younger writers use more negative and past-tense words than older writers who use more positive and future-tense words. In sum, the data revolution is giving us wonderful ways to understand the present and the past. Will it transform our ability to predict and make decisions about the future? We
10、ll see. 6 What do data-ists assume they can do? （ A） Transform peoples cultural identity. （ B） Change the way future events unfold. （ C） Get a firm grip on the most important issues. （ D） Eliminate emotional and ideological bias. 7 What do people running for political office think they can do? （ A）
11、Use data analysis to predict the election result. （ B） Win the election if they can raise enough funds. （ C） Manipulate public opinion with favorable data. （ D） Increase the chances of winning by foul means. 8 Why do many teachers favor the idea of tailoring their presentations to different students
12、? （ A） They think students prefer flexible teaching methods. （ B） They will be able to try different approaches. （ C） They believe students learning styles vary. （ D） They can accommodate students with special needs. 9 What does James Pennebaker reveal in The Secret Life of Pronouns! （ A） The import
13、ance of using pronouns properly. （ B） Repeated use of first-person pronouns by self-centered people. （ C） Frequent use of pronouns and future tense by young people. （ D） A pattern in confident peoples use of pronouns. 10 Why is the author skeptical of the data revolution? （ A） Data may not be easily
14、 accessible. （ B） Errors may occur with large data samples. （ C） Data cannot always do what we imagine it can. （ D） Some data may turn out to be outdated. 10 Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹 ) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,“ as one critic called it. To which the
15、proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “ spoken“ language that is getting richer and more complex by the year. First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came fi
16、rst; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded
17、sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and.“ No one talks like that casually or should. But it is natural to desire to do
18、so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging do and a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vul
19、garity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions. Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud“ in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn
20、texts “Where have you been?“ and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.“ LOL signals basic empathy (同感 ) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does something conveying an attitude just like the-ed ending co
21、nveys past tense rather than “meaning“ anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar. Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression drifts meat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to m
22、ean, believe it or not, blessed. Civilization, then, is fine people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they
23、write, and texting quick, casual and only intended to be read once is actually a way of talking with your fingers. 11 What do critics say about texting? （ A） It is mainly confined to youngsters. （ B） It competes with traditional writing. （ C） It will ruin the written language. （ D） It is often hard
24、to understand. 12 In what way does the author say writing is different from talking? （ A） It is crafted with specific skills. （ B） It expresses ideas more accurately. （ C） It does not have as long a history. （ D） It is not as easy to comprehend. 13 Why is LOL much used in texting? （ A） It brings tex
25、ters closer to each other. （ B） It shows the texters sophistication. （ C） It is a trendy way to communicate. （ D） It adds to the humor of the text. 14 Examples like meat and silly are cited to show_. （ A） the difference between writing and talking （ B） how differently words are used in texting （ C）
26、why people use the words the way they do （ D） the gradual change of word meaning 15 What does the author think of texting? （ A） It facilitates exchange of ideas among people. （ B） It is a new form of verbal communication. （ C） It deteriorates peoples composition skills. （ D） It hastens the decline o
27、f the written word. 15 Its possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadnt awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement (毕业典礼 ) speaker spot at yesterdays graduation. Theres no question Oprahs achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent
28、, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused teenage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of the worlds most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire. Honorary degrees are often conferred on no
29、n-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvards list in recent years has included Kofi Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprahs particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose motto (座右铭 ), Veritas, means truth. Oprahs passio
30、nate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprahs validation of Jenny McCarthys claim that vaccines cause autism(自闭症 ) has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines. Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like
31、 the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional priorities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice. But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time wh
32、en American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard College, Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational. at a time when political and religious nonsen
33、se so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.“ As Americas oldest and most visible university, Harvard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmatio
34、n of evidence-based inquiry. Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting their brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvards public relations arm in the last five yea
35、rs and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best outward-looking face of this great institution. As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, its easy to lose sight of their primary mission: to pro
36、duce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defense of the scientific method. Oprah Winfreys honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction. 16 What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage? （ A） She was a distinguished graduate of H
37、arvard School of Law. （ B） She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry. （ C） She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother. （ D） She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science. 17 Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honor
38、ary degree on Oprah Winfrey? （ A） She did not specialize in the study of law. （ B） She was known as a supporter of fake science. （ C） She was an icon of the entertainment industry. （ D） She had not distinguished herself academically. 18 How did Harry Lewis react to Harvards decision in his blog post
39、? （ A） He was strongly against it. （ B） He considered it unpopular. （ C） He thought it would help enhance Harvards reputation. （ D） He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community. 19 What is the authors regret about many American universities? （ A） They show inadequate respect for evide
40、nce -based inquiry. （ B） They fall short of expectations in teaching and research. （ C） They attach too much importance to public relations. （ D） They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense. 20 What does the author think a prestigious university like Harvard should focus on? （ A） Cultivati
41、on of student creativity. （ B） Defense of the scientific method. （ C） Liberation of the human mind. （ D） Pursuit of knowledge and truth. 大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 220答案与解析 Section C 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 leading-edge companies 定位到文章第一段第一句。该句指出一些尖端公司主动出击的方法令人鼓舞。接着下一句具体指出这种做法是使处理 环境废物成为一个关键
42、的经济驱动力。由此可知选项 B) 是对原文的同义互换，所以是正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推断题。由题干中的 commitments to environmental protection 以及题文同序的原则定位到第三段。该段首句指出丰田和沃尔玛这样的公司并非出于善意而对环境目标做出承诺。接着第二句指出其真正的原因，它们认为环境和经济足迹要相适合。接着运用马莎百货的 “A计划 ”来证明这一观点。由此可知丰田和沃尔玛这样的公司对环境目标做 出承诺的原因是为了盈利，所以正确答案是C)。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。由
43、题干中的 many companies定位到文章倒数第三段第二句。该句指出有很多公司仍然延迟创建精益和绿色的商业系统，认为这需要花费金钱或需要相当大的资本投资。由此可知许多公司不愿意建立环境友好的商业体系是因为要花钱，需要大量资本投入。选项 C) 是对该句话的同义互换， costly 替换了 cost many or require sizable capital investments，所以正确答案是 C)。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 the lean and green model of business 定位到文章倒数第三段。该段最后
44、一句提到事实上，如果在管理上采用新的精益和绿色模式，超越合规要求在节省成本的同时还可以产生现金。由此可知这种类型的模式不仅能节省成本，而且会盈利，所以正确答案是 A)。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 5 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 studies 定 位到文章最后一段第一句。该句指出约 50 份研究表明公司承诺诸如零浪费、有害物零排放和不可再生资源零使用等理想目标的企业在经济上优于其竞争对手。由此可知正确答案是 B)，它是对该句的同义互换，其中用 revenues 代替了 financially，用 do much better 代替了 outperform，用 counte
45、rparts 代替了 competitors。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 data-ist 和 as-sume 定位到文章第一段第二句话。该句话指出数据主义是由某些特定的文化假设推动的 切可以测量的东西应该予以测量；数据是一种透明、可靠的透视镜，使我们能够过滤掉情感主义和意识形态；这些数据将帮助我们做许多非凡的事情 比如预测未来。由此可以确定本题的正确答案是 D)，其他均未提到。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 7 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 running for political office
46、定位到文章第四段第二句。该句提到几乎每一个竞选政治职务的人 都有一个直观的感觉，如果他们能够凑集和花更多的钱，他们就可以有力地影响他们赢得选举的机会。换句话说，他们认为如果有足够的钱，他们就能够赢得选举。由此确定 B)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 teachers 和 tailor定位到文章倒数第四段倒数第二句。该句指出老师想象如果将他们的演讲改善到适合每个学生将会提高效果，他们的这种认为是基于上一句话的，即：他们认为不同学生的学习风格不同。由此可知 C)为本题的正确答案。 【知 识模块】 仔细阅读 9 【正确答案】 D 【
47、试题解析】 推断题。由题干中的 The Secret Life of Pronouns 定位到文章倒数第三段最后两句话。这两句话指出詹姆斯 佩尼贝克在他的代词的秘密中写到当人们感到自信时，他们会专注于手头的任务，而不是他们自己，而且地位高、自信的人很少使用 “我 ”字，几乎不用。由此可知他的书是关于代词的使用和人的自信的关系的，所以正确答案为 D)。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。由题干中的 skeptical 定位到文章第三段第一句。该句提到作者对数字革命持怀疑态度，是因为他认为我们会激动地渴望将一切都量化。由此可知作者认为数字革命不可能解决一切问题，
48、所以 C)为本题的正确答案。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 11 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干中的 critics 定位到文章的第一段第一句话：“Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word，penmanship for illiterates爷， as one critic called it. “选项 C是对这句话中的 the downfall of the written word 的同义互换，所以正确答案是 C。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 12 【正确答案】 B
49、【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干中的 writing is different from talking 定位到第二段第五句 话： “However， while talking is largely subconscious and rapid， writing is deliberate and slow. “此句明确指出两者的不同点：说话大部分是潜意识的、快速的，写作则是精心的、缓慢的。由此可知 B选项中的 accurately 与 deliberate 最接近，所以正确答案是 B。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 13 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 细节题。根据题干中的 LOL 我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话：“LOL signal basic empathy between texters， easing tension and creating a sense of equality. “这句话的意思是： LOL 代表了发信息人之间基本的同感，缓和紧张气氛并创造公平的感觉。 A选项中的 “closer to each other”与 “empathy”意义相同，所以正确答案为 A。 【知识模块】 仔细阅读 14 【正确答案】 D 【试
