1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 253及答案与解析 Section C 0 Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat that would be great, wouldnt it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a com
2、pound called olestra, say food manufacturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and can also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So its up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free prod
3、ucts taste good enough to keep eating. Chemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that cant be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the i
4、ntestines (肠 ) “grab“ molecules of regular fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E, and K. When
5、 fat molecules are present in the intestines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines with
6、out being broken down. Manufacturers say its that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fat substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E, and K
7、 from being absorbed. It can also prevent the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素 ), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E, and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that peop
8、le might eat unlimited amounts of food made with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming. 1 We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that_. （ A） contains plenty of nutrients （ B） makes foods fat-free while keeping them delicious （ C） renders foods
9、calorie-free while retaining their vitamins （ D） makes foods easily digestible 2 The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _. （ A） just as anticipated （ B） commercially useless （ C） quite unexpected （ D） somewhat controversial 3 Olestra is different from ordinary fats in
10、 that _. （ A） it facilitates the absorption of vitamins by the body （ B） it passes through the intestines without being absorbed （ C） it helps reduce the incidence of heart disease （ D） it prevents excessive intake of vitamins 4 What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics
11、? （ A） It may increase the risk of cancer. （ B） It may spoil the consumers appetite. （ C） It may impair the digestive system. （ D） It may affect the overall fat intake. 5 Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra? （ A） People may be induced to eat more than is necessary. （ B）
12、It may trigger a new wave of fake food production. （ C） It may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins. （ D） The function of the intestines may be weakened. 5 To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, th
13、e application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change. Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robo
14、t to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality
15、of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire (变得混乱 ) and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our worl
16、d and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination. Few technological deve
17、lopments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other grea
18、t historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was a revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mas
19、s production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supple
20、mented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents it
21、s greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society. 6 A spear or a robot has the quality of technology only when it _. （ A） is used both as a cultural and a physical object （ B） serves different purposes equally well （ C） is utilized by man （ D） can be
22、of use to both man and animal 7 The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that _. （ A） if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our world （ B） technology is a human creation, so we are responsible for it （ C） technology usually goes wro
23、ng, if not controlled by man （ D） being a human creation, technology is liable to error 8 According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because _. （ A） the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mind （ B） the computer can do the tasks that could only
24、 be done by people before （ C） it has helped to switch to an information technology （ D） it has a great potential impact on society 9 By using the phrase “the human quality of technology“ (Line 6, Para. 2), the author refers to the fact that technology _. （ A） has a great impact on human life （ B） h
25、as some characteristics of human nature （ C） can replace some aspects of the human mind （ D） does not exist in the natural world 10 The passage is based on the authors _. （ A） keen insight into the nature of technology （ B） prejudiced criticism of the role of the Industrial Revolution （ C） cautious
26、analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers （ D） exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology 10 In the battle for the young soda drinkers of China, U.S.-based Pepsi-Cola may have found a powerful new weapon: young street sellers toting (背负 ) backpack soda dispen
27、sers. It may sound trivial, but in Chinas teeming (拥挤的 ) cities, getting cold carbonated drinks into the hands of the young can be a struggle. Vending machines are often out of order, hawkers with pushcarts cant keep drinks cold enough, and the friendly mom-and-pop corner stores just dont cut it wit
28、h teenagers trying to act hip. The backpack dispensers are the latest twist in a continuing battle between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola for Chinas soda drinkers. Since 1996, Pepsi has virtually conceded dominance to Coca-Cola in all but a few international markets. Among the exceptions is China, w
29、here Pepsi-Cola believes it can make a last stand by appealing to youth. So far, however, it hasnt gained much ground. Research firm AC Nielsen says a January survey indicated Coca-Cola had captured 47% of Chinas market for carbonated beveragesSprite and Fanta. Pepsi-Colas share lagged well behind a
30、t 19%, most of which was due to Pepsi, followed by 7-Up and Mountain Dew. Globally, Coca-Cola had a 51% share of beverage sales last year, compared with 21% for Pepsi-Cola. Coca-Colas China marketing director in Hong Kong, John Cheung, says his firm tried backpack dispensers in China a few years ago
31、 but decided they werent paying off because the drinks warmed up too quickly. But Pepsi-Colas Tan says the dispensers his company uses made by U.S.-based Thirst Enders International keep the rate of warming to a minimum: two degrees an hour on a hot day. With shoppers in Chengdu gulping down the 32
32、cups in each tank within an hour, the drinks are always cool. Cheung admits that another reason for Coca-Colas disappointing results was that it picked older, unemployed adults to wear the dispensers, rather than upbeat young people. Pepsi-Cola avoided that mistake by recruiting from universities. “
33、We want people who can be identified by the young customers with selling the drinks,“ says Tan. “They need to be young, energetic and outgoing.“ Pepsi-Cola also has used the dispensers in the Philippines and Singapore for promotions and sporting events. In China, it may start using them at soccer ga
34、mes it sponsors the countrys premier league. Tan says he wants to take the packs nationwide “as soon as possible“. That will mean convincing bottlers and distributors to stump up $1,000 for each pack. (Under Pepsi-Colas arrangements with its local partners, the partners bear the full cost.) Coca-Col
35、as Cheung admits hes watching Pepsi-Colas gambit (策略 ) carefully. “If the day comes that the backpack is such a big advantage,“ he says, “Well use them too.“ 11 According to the third paragraph, the backpack-dispenser approach appeared _. （ A） promising （ B） ineffective （ C） to work in only few inte
36、rnational markets （ D） to cause Pepsi to lose more market share 12 It can be inferred that the most successful backpack dispensers must be _. （ A） light enough for salespeople to wear （ B） externally appealing to young people （ C） thermally stable enough （ D） technologically flawless 13 Coca-Colas w
37、rong choice of its street sellers shows that _. （ A） cola is more popular with young people （ B） people prefer to buy cola at regular stores （ C） university students are more capable sellers （ D） the company considers too much about cost 14 What is John Cheungs attitude towards the feasibility of th
38、e backpack strategy? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Disappointed. （ C） Doubtful. （ D） Cautious. 15 What can we infer about the Pepsis backpack strategy? （ A） The backpack strategy is most effectively used in sports events. （ B） The backpack dispensers need to be financed by Pepsis partners. （ C） The backpack
39、 strategy will be carried out soon throughout China. （ D） The backpack dispensers used in the Philippines proved a success. 15 In the 1920s America enjoyed what was to become known as “an Age of Excess“. From 1921-1929 manufacturing output increased with only a small check the mild recession of 1924
40、, and real GNP (1929 prices) rose 45.6 percent. In real terms it was a vigorous expansion with the added attractions of stable prices, rising real wages, and mainly “full“ employment. So the 1920s boom remains a legend in the American economic history. The boom was created by several factors that wo
41、rked together. The three presidents of the twenties, Harding, Coolidge and Hoover were all Republicans who supported business and the stock market. The Republicans were against any kind of welfare state or the government regulating business. They introduced lower tax rates and raised tariffs on fore
42、ign goods so they could not compete with American business. This was known as “protectionism“. Americas economy had not suffered from World War I. In fact it had been strengthened by trading arms to the allies. In the twenties, there was a substantial growth in production, jobs, profits, wages and t
43、he standard of living. The growth in production created more jobs, and because more people had more money they could buy the newly produced goods. More goods needed to be produced so more jobs and profits were created. This led to the twenties seeing the start of mass production and consumerism. For
44、 the first time items like cars and refrigerators were available and affordable to the middle classes, and secondary industries such as advertising became very profitable. There was an inevitable change in the ideas and actions of society. People could afford to enjoy their leisure time and the leis
45、ure industries also boomed. Much of American Society was changed by the Boom. More people could go out and enjoy themselves because of the increased leisure time and affluence of society. Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald called it “the Age of Excess“. Jazz music had a massive effect on the youth of Americ
46、a, as they became more outgoing. More started smoking and going out, and women started to wear shorter skirts and other more outrageous fashions. Older generations hated the new music and showed apparent disrespect of younger people. A new kind of woman was created, called a “flapper“. Hollywood pro
47、moted these women and their fashions as the rogue actresses became icons for other young ladies. To most, these women were nothing but a sign of the times, a decline in traditional standards. 16 From the passage, we learn that “the Age of Excess“ _. （ A） was the result of “protectionism“ and “consum
48、erism“ （ B） was the most economically prosperous times in the U.S. （ C） was a term first used by a writer named F. Scott Fitzgerald （ D） was the only period when the unemployment rate was zero 17 The three republican presidents contributed to the boom of U.S. economy in the 1920s because they advoca
49、ted_. （ A） the idea of welfare state （ B） business regulated by the government （ C） raising duties on imported goods （ D） business competition among countries 18 It can be inferred that mass production started when_. （ A） the needs for consumer goods kept growing （ B） the middle class could afford to buy luxuries （ C） secondary industries became profitable （ D） people had more leisure time activities 19 The word “affluence“ (Line 2, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to “_“. （ A）
