1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 261及答案与解析 Section A 0 Smokers in the “land of the free“ are finding themselves increasingly less free to pursue their habit. New York City officials are the latest to consider banning smoking in their parks and outside spaces. The possibility of extending smokefree legislation was
2、【 C1】 _ in a public health policy document. However the mayor, Michael Bloomberg who has【 C2】_ anti-smoking programmes but is up for reelection appeared to qualify the extent of the【 C3】 _ . He wanted “to see if smoking in parks has a【 C4】 _ impact on peoples health“, the New York Times reported rec
3、ently, suggesting it “might not be【 C5】 _ possible to enforce a ban across thousands of acres.“ Cigarette makers Phillip Morris USA did not like the idea at all. “We believe that smoking should be permitted outdoors except in very particular【 C6】 _. such as outdoor areas primarily【 C7】 _ for childre
4、n,“ a company spokesman said. But the ban plan from the citys health commissioner, Thomas Farley, won some backing from the councils speaker, Christine Quinn. Fines should be【 C8】 _, she said, but “conceptually, thats an idea Im very interested in and open to.“ Such bans remain【 C9】 _ but are increa
5、sing, with California in the vanguard (前锋 ). State legislators there have【 C10】 _ smoking in all state parks and on parts of beaches, two years after Los Angeles extended its existing ban on playgrounds and beaches to parks. Chicago still allows smoking in many of its parks, but bans it at beaches a
6、nd playgrounds. A) occurrences B) modest C) negative D) evacuated E) championed F) circumstances G) outlined H) mild I) logistically J) designated K) provoked L) rare M) analytically N) prohibited O) restrictions 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Secti
7、on B 10 5 Weeks to a Stress-Free Life A Who will you be this year? Will you be a better, wiser version of yourself by the time the calendar flips again? Or will you add to your potbelly, downgrade your mood, and move one risk factor closer to your first heart attack? Every day of your life, you answ
8、er these questions in the ways you handle stress. Thats not a joke. Stress is one national disaster that strikes each of us where were most vulnerable: brains first, and bodies later. Unless, that is, you learn to control it. Not by means of will, but by employing lab-tested strategies that can trul
9、y calm you down. And unless youre getting a rubdown from Evangeline Lilly every night, were guessing you could use them. So heres your 5-week plan, complete with our full anxiety-back guarantee. Week 1: Separate the stressors from the energizers. B Some stress is unavoidable. Some is not “The trick
10、is learning to distinguish between the two,“ I says Paul Rosch, M.D., president of the American Institute of Stress. He cant identify your sources of stress for you, because one mans stress is another mans joy. So youll have to do that part yourself. Divide your stresses into two lists: “accept“ and
11、 “change.“ C As you draw up your lists, youll naturally pay attention to what your brain knows about your sources of stress, but make sure you listen to your bodys complaints as well. When are you experiencing those headaches? Or back pain? Is there a pattern to your heartburn, or a particular stret
12、ch of your commute that provokes road rage? “Learn how your body responds so you can detect early warning signs of stress,“ says Dr. Rosch. D Your activities during these first 7 days are .not merely a prelude. Simply sitting down to identify all the things that stress you out, and deciding to do so
13、mething about them, is a powerful stress buster in itself. Its been known since the 1950s that stress is aggravated if a person has no sense of control and no hope that things will get better. Having goals, and reaching those goals, is the healthy opposite of that. “Too often, we are adrift on the s
14、ea of life,“ says Dr. Rosch. Drop anchor. Week 2: Hands off the hot buttons. E Some men are perfect specimens of mental health. They calmly apply their considerable problem-solving abilities to the sources of their stress. Then there are the rest of us who dont deal very well. According to one surve
15、y, 46% of stressed adults dont care what they eat, 57% stop exercising, and 53% lose sleep. In short, we need a week (at least! ) just to rid ourselves of our self-destructive old ways of coping. Consider these five: alcohol, junk food, television, the Internet, and tobacco. We reach for them out of
16、 habit, and thats exactly what they become: bad habits. F Alcohol is obviously a risky way to self-medicate. But heres an interesting finding: Alcohol doesnt really take the edge off stress. Just the opposite: Stress takes the edge off alcohol, according to University of Chicago researchers. Althoug
17、h stress increases our desire to drink, those drinks make us feel sluggish, not high. Youll end up drinking more and enjoying it less. G As for junk food, yes, the high-fat, high-carb content of so-called comfort foods actually does give short-term comfort by signaling the brain to stop the discharg
18、e of stress hormones. But in the long run, it will add stress to your waistband. An Ohio State University study found that stress causes triglycerides to linger longer in the bloodstream, thus interfering with the bodys normal metabolism of fats. H And television? Go ahead, watch My Name Is Earl. Ma
19、ny studies have shown that laughter is stress medicine even the anticipation of a good laugh lowers stress hormones in the blood. But dont watch 4 hours of old Survivor episodes beforehand. Same goes for hanging out in online casinos. Those hours should be spent with your friends. Social ties are ti
20、ed to lower stress, longer life, and quicker recovery from illness. I Tobacco? The more you use, the greater your chances of impotence, and there is perhaps no calm more profound than the postcoital one. Why risk messing with that? Week 3: Stop multitasking. J “Its the death of people,“ says Jeff Da
21、vidson, author of 36 self-help books, including The Complete Idiots Guide to Getting Things Done. People think they have to accomplish multiple tasks simultaneously in order to be productive and profitable. “Just the opposite is true,“ he says. When Davidson gives speeches, he performs an onstage ex
22、periment He takes two people from the audience and gives each 15 pennies, 15 paper clips, and a pen and paper. He tells one person to stack the pennies, link the paper clips, and draw 15 stars in that order. He tells the other person to switch back and forth among the tasks. Guess who finishes first
23、. K What Davidson calls “sharp attention“ is possible only if you focus on one task at a time. “Breakthrough thinking doesnt happen when youre multitasking,“ he says, noting that our societys current fascination with “faster, better, more“ adds to our stress in ways people couldnt have imagined a ge
24、neration ago. He agrees that some multitasking is inevitable. But for this week, cut the cord, take notes about what does and doesnt work, then reintroduce the multitasking only when it benefits you. Week 4: Release the demons. L Its always the quiet ones, the men who bottle it up inside, who end up
25、 going on chain-saw massacres, right? Maybe quiet is the enemy. In an experiment regarding “emotional disclosure,“ students suffering from post-traumatic (外伤后的 ) stress at Temple University, in Philadelphia, were asked to write longhand, not on computersfor 20 minutes a day. After only 3 days, those
26、 who repeatedly wrote about a single traumatic event showed fewer physical and mental signs of stress. Even 8 weeks later, they felt better and were sick less often than students who wrote about emotionally neutral events. M The results surprised the clinical psychologists who conducted this recent
27、research. “Knowing how hard it is for people to change, we were impressed that this could work,“ says Denise Sloan, Ph.D. But it does work, Sloan says, because “often, people who have survived trauma try not to think about those events. And the more you avoid something, the more intense and stressfu
28、l it becomes. Its good to be expressive.“ So sit down 3 nights this week and get it out there on paper, where it wont hurt you. Week 5: Find a release valve. N Now were ready to dive into all the relaxation techniques you were probably expecting to read about in this chapter. Heres the thing: There
29、are literally hundreds of them. They can be grouped into six categories: stretching exercises, also known as hatha yoga; progressive muscle relaxation; deep-breathing exercises; autogenic training, in which you quietly suggest to yourself that various body parts are getting heavy, or warm, or whatev
30、er; imagery, wherein you daydream of peaceful settings; and meditation or mindfulness, two distinct mental activities that both restrict attention and calm the mind. O Should you arbitrarily sign on for one of these methods? No way. You have to find which works best for you. “No one shoe fits all,“
31、says Jonathan C. Smith, Ph.D., director of the Roosevelt University stress institute, in Chicago. Each technique produces a different state of mind, he says, from the energized mental state of yoga to the disengaged frame of mind that comes with autogenic training. But they all work to lower stress.
32、 11 It is said that trying to do more than one task at the same time is not productive or profitable. 12 It is hard to recognize the source of ones stress in that people response differently to things in their life. 13 According to the author, one should not spend hours watching episodes or playing
33、online games but should stay with friends. 14 Junk food can signal the brain to stop producing stress hormones, thus bringing short-term comfort. 15 Since the 1950s, people realize that stress will become worse if the person doesnt control it and is pessimistic. 16 According to the statistics from a
34、 survey, we can conclude that a lot of people cant handle stress properly. 17 When we are faced with stress, our brains will be stricken first and then our bodies. 18 A study from a university shows that stress may affect the metabolism of fats in the body. 19 One of the relaxing measures that can r
35、estrict attention and calm the mind is meditation or mindfulness. 20 An experiment found students were more likely to be relieved from physical and mental stress when they repeatedly wrote about a single traumatic event. Section C 20 Is it any wonder that America is also a country of dangerously ove
36、rweight people? According to a recent study by the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of adults characterized as overweight in the United States has jumped to an astonishing one-third of the population. Overweight in this case means being about 20 percent or more above a persons desir
37、able weight. Since the figures for “desirable weight“ have moved upward over the last decade or so, total poundage even at 20 percent over may be considerable. So are the attendant health risks. Excess weight has been linked to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, adult-onset diabetes and some form
38、s of cancer, among other diseases. Once, when work and school and the grocery store were a two-mile hike away, Americans could afford the calories they consume. But not now, not when millions spend four or five hours a day in front of a TV set along with a bag of chips, a bowl of buttered popcorn an
39、d a six-pack and theres a car or two in every driveway. “There is no commitment to obesity (肥胖 ) as a public health problem,“ said Dr. William Dietz, director of clinical nutrition at the New England Medical Center in Boston. “Weve ignored it, and blamed it on gluttony and sloth.“ If one definition
40、of a public health problem is its cost to the nation, then obesity qualifies. According to a study done by Dr. Graham A. Colditz, who teaches at Harvard Medical School, it cost America an estimated $68.8 billion in 1990. But whats wrong blaming it on gluttony and sloth? True, some unfortunate overwe
41、ight people have an underlying physical or genetic problem. But for most Americans, the problem is with two of the seven deadly sins. Losing weight is a desperately difficult business. Preventing gain, however, is not. Consumer information is everywhere, and there can be few adults who truly believe
42、 that hot dogs, fries, a soda and a couple of Twinkies make a good lunch. But they eat them anyway. As more and more Americans became educated to the risks of smoking, more and more Americans gave up the habit. Now it appears that Americans need an intensive education in the risks of stuffing themse
43、lves and failing to exercise as well. Given the seductiveness of chocolate and cheese, the couch and the car, that habit will be hard to break. But if an ounce of prevention can obviate a pound of fat, it is well worth the struggle. 21 The author sets up the standard of overweight people based on th
44、e fact that_. （ A） the number of overweight people has astonishingly increased （ B） people have a different idea about their desirable weight now （ C） overweight becomes a threat to peoples health （ D） the overweight problem has long been studied 22 By saying “So are the attendant health risks“, the
45、 author means _. （ A） America suffers health risks as well as the overweight problem （ B） health risks resulted from overweight are serious too （ C） overweight is classified as one of the health problems （ D） people have also pay much attention to the possible health risks 23 What does William Dietz
46、 think of overweight? （ A） Overweight should be treated as a public health problem. （ B） Overweight should be attributed to gluttony and sloth. （ C） Overweight has much to do with nutritional problems. （ D） Overweight has nothing to do with the overuse of cars. 24 Most Americans believe that _. （ A）
47、 the overweight problem has cost the nation much （ B） obesity is related to ones physical conditions （ C） people who are overweight are unfortunate （ D） gluttony and sloth are two deadly sins 25 In order to solve the overweight problem, the author suggests that everyone need to _. （ A） be taught to
48、prevent gaining weight （ B） be educated to lose weight effectively （ C） seek help from consumer information （ D） know what makes a healthy dinner 25 For travelers to Europe, from January 2002 theres something special on offer besides all the usual sights. Its the chance to be on the end of an era, a
49、nd the birth of a new currency. Yes, its goodbye to the franc, the mark, drachma, peseta, lira and many of the other currencies which now confront visitors to Europe. They have all been replaced by the new euro. While a little of the mystery of travel will vanish with them, the changeover promises a much simpler life for visitors to Europe. On December 31, 2001 a dozen members of the European Union switched to the
