1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 266及答案与解析 Section A 0 Lack of sleep makes you gain weight and raises your risk for heart disease and diabetes, apart from resulting in【 C1】 _ vision and questionable decision. Researchers have known for a while that sleep【 C2】 _ tends to lead to overeating. And several studies hav
2、e suggested that staying up all night or even just cutting back by a couple of hours makes people【 C3】 _ to the calls of fast food, pizza and candy. Short sleep affects hormones that influence hunger, experts say, and the brains reward center becomes【 C4】 _ active, drawing you to the carbs and fat.
3、Researchers dont know the exact point of sleeplessness that【 C5】 _ ones want for pizza or chocolate or other kinds of food. “There are【 C6】 _ individual differences,“ says Jonathan Wisor, a sleep scientist at Washington State University. Recent research has confirmed that a pattern of insufficient s
4、leep raises your risk for overweight and diabetes, too. Experts suspect that the results could【 C7】 _ to anyone who works long hours or spends a lot of time staring at a smartphonet just before bed, and to people who【 C8】 _ from insomnia or sleep disorder. If you assume youre safe because study cond
5、itions tend to be fairly extreme, you had better think again. People who regularly get less than the【 C9】 _ amount of sleep have been observed to eat 200 to 500 more calories per day than people who do not. Should you【 C10】 _ time for a workout while being in lack of sleep? No. When you drop below 6
6、.5 or six hours of sleep, you need sleep more than you need to exercise. A) vulnerable B) deprivation C) optimum D) precaution E) squeeze F) triggers G) remarkably H) apply I) suffer J) regularly K) tremendous L) transcends M) blurred N) transient O) recruit 1 【 C1】 2 【 C2】 3 【 C3】 4 【 C4】 5 【 C5】 6
7、 【 C6】 7 【 C7】 8 【 C8】 9 【 C9】 10 【 C10】 Section B 10 Five Myths about College Debt A The trillion-dollar student debt burden has caused many debates about the value of college. Some argue that we educate too many young people. Indeed, average tuition costs have gone up faster than the rate of infla
8、tion. The cost of college today is, in inflation-adjusted terms, roughly double what it was in 1980. This creates legitimate concerns about the continued affordability of a college education. B But the debaters often have their facts wrong. Very few Americans graduate with $100,000 in debt; college
9、makes more sense today than ever, and no, our universities arent blowing their money to fund college dorms and football stadiums. Myth 1: The financial return for going to college is less now than it used to be. C If anything, the value of an investment in college is higher now than its ever been. T
10、he college premium (the difference between the earnings of college graduates and high school graduates) is at its highest level ever. D It is true that in the years since the Great Recession, wages for recent college graduates have declined about 5 percent, but wages for those without a college degr
11、ee have declined more than twice that, between 10 and 12 percent, increasing the college premium. Furthermore, the proportion of recent graduates who have gotten jobs coming out of college has been virtually unchanged from before the recession. In contrast, the employment rate for high school gradua
12、tes and associate-degree holders has dropped by 8 to 10 percent. Similarly, throughout the recession, the overall unemployment rate for bachelors degree holders has consistently been half that of non-college graduates. Myth 2: Colleges are not preparing students with the skills needed in the current
13、 workplace. E All of the economic data suggests the exact opposite that the productivity of U.S. college graduates in the workplace is increasing. The broadest measure of the productivity differential between high school graduates and college graduates is how much employers are willing to pay for th
14、e latter over the former. This is known as the “college premium“, and it has increased steadily since the 1970s. This is not due to a diminished supply of college graduates (indeed, the supply has risen over that period). F The college premium is larger in the United States than in virtually any oth
15、er economically developed country. Across the 34 countries that make up the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), employers on average are willing to pay 1.8 times as much for a college graduate as they are for an unskilled worker. But in the United States, employers pay 2.6
16、times as much for a college graduate. G A recent Milken Institute study found that for each additional year of college attained by the residents of a region, the per capita gross domestic product of the region increases a remarkable 17.4 percent. The authors argue that the increased regional product
17、ivity is largely the result of the increased productivity of a college-educated workforce. (Interestingly, they do not see a similar jump in productivity for additional education at the high school level.) Myth 3: On average, students are now borrowing $_ to pay for their college education. H This i
18、s a myth, or at the very least misleading, for almost any figure reported in the national press. (Though the reported figures vary, the amount is generally more than $25,000.) There are several reasons for this, principally that the data being reported are generally based on one or another report of
19、 outstanding student loan balances or average debt levels for those with loans. I What most people are interested in, and what most people interpret these figures to represent, is how much a typical student must borrow to finance an undergraduate (bachelors) degree. Unfortunately, most figures repor
20、ted lump together all student loan debt for both undergraduate degrees and professional degrees. Furthermore, they report data on the average (mean) debt level among those who borrowed, not the median debt among all students, both those who borrowed and those who did not J Data on debt levels at tim
21、e of graduation is far harder to obtain. The Department of Education periodically gathers this information, but its most recent report only covers those who received bachelors degrees in 2008. Myth 4: College debt is at a crisis level. K College debt now exceeds total credit-card debt and total auto
22、 loans, both of which have dropped since the beginning of the recession. It is in fact the only kind of household debt that continued to increase throughout the recession. L There are three reasons for the increase. First, more students are going to college. Second, a higher percentage of them are b
23、orrowing to finance their education. And third, the amount they are borrowing has increased. Obviously, the first reason is to be applauded. It is in the interest of the students and the nation that more high school graduates go on to college. M The fact that more students are borrowing more to atte
24、nd college is the result of several different factors, only partly the increased cost of tuition. Another major factor is a marked decline in college savings. According to Moodys, during the past three years, the proportion of families with any college savings dropped from 60 percent to 50 percent,
25、and those who saved set aside an average of only $11,781, down from $21,615 three years ago (a 45 percent decline). N What this means is that more families are substituting debt for college savings. But these are just alternative ways of spreading the cost of college over multiple years. This is cer
26、tainly no more worrisome than the switch from buying refrigerators with debt rather than layaway plans. O But even more important is the fact that college spending is an investment in human capital. The Hamilton Project estimates that a students spending on college has a financial return of over 15
27、percent, more than twice the average return of a stock market investment over the past 60 years. When corporate America increases its debt to invest in physical capital new factories, etc. we do not consider it a crisis. It is a positive investment in future productivity. Similarly, when individuals
28、 borrow to invest in their own human capital, this is an investment in future productivity. We should arguably celebrate the fact that college debt, an investment in the future, exceeds credit-card debt, which represents current consumption. Myth 5: College costs are increasing faster than inflation
29、 largely because of wasteful spending on lavish dorms, recreation centers etc P In a universitys overall budget, capital costs for “sweetness“ (such as recreation centers) constitute a very small fraction of the budget Amortized (分期偿还 ) over the life of the asset, they may account for a few dollars
30、of the annual tuition bill, but not much more. Q Ironically, one of the main factors pushing up costs at universities is the fact that the college premium the wages paid to highly educated employees is higher than ever. College costs are dominated by employee salaries, and most of these employees (w
31、hether faculty, staff or administrators) are themselves highly educated. So the same phenomenon that increases the financial return of going to college for students also increases the cost of attending college! 11 Higher college premium accounts for part of the cost increase at universities. 12 Sinc
32、e the recession, the employment rate of recent college graduates has almost remained the same. 13 Some loan figures combine the student debts for bachelors degrees and professional degrees. 14 Taking inflation into consideration, the average college cost today is almost twice as much as that in 1980
33、. 15 There is no need to worry about replacing college savings with debt. 16 A regions economic growth can be strongly affected by the increased productivity of a college-educated workforce, according to a study. 17 Investment in physical capital is quite similar to that in human capital. 18 The fac
34、t that more high school students enter colleges benefits America 19 In recent years, the proportion of families with any college savings decreased. 20 Usually employers are paying more for a college graduate than an unskilled worker. Section C 20 While the 1970s pop psychotherapy movement focused on
35、 the importance of letting anger out, more recent research suggests that theres a smarter, healthier way to react to lifes slings and arrows; with forgiveness. In a recent study, it was found that when individuals were about to forgive, they experienced greater joy, a more profound sense of control
36、over life and less depression. Sound appealing. a) Why holding a grudge (怨恨 ) can be harmful? Your boyfriend blows you off for an important date. If you stay angry at him, youll probably get fresh flowers on your doorstep and maybe a fancy meal or two. But grudge-holding only gives us the illusion o
37、f power. If you hold on to that anger on a chronic basis, then it has power over you, eating away at your peace of mind and perhaps even your immune system. A study by Kathleen Lawler, Ph. D., a psychology professor at the University of Tennessee, confirms that people who are unable to forgive repor
38、t more stress in their lives, more illness and more visits to the doctor than do forgiving folk. b) Going from a grudge to forgiveness A few ways to develop your capacity to turn the other cheek Try writing a daily “forgiveness“ reminder in your journal; it may sound corny (过时的 ), but its a great wa
39、y to help gain control over your emotional life. Write a letter to your offender, detailing exactly whats bothering you. Then toss it Youll feel better, even if your message never reaches its intended target. What, exactly, makes your blood boil? Forgiveness isnt about swallowing anger or being a do
40、ormat (逆来顺受的人 ). Its not about forgetting, either. On the contrary, its about acknowledging an offence with your eyes wide openand then releasing the anger. That means conjuring unempathy (不执著 ) toward the person who hurt you, then focusing on the good parts of your life. c) An act of courage Still
41、not convinced that its worth it to put your energies toward forgiving? Besides the benefits to your psyche and physical health, true forgiveness is a sign of strength and soulfulness. “It takes a lot of moral muscle to forgive,“ says Dr. Witvleit of Hope College in Michigan. The bottom line: Forgivi
42、ng ultimately benefits the forgiver more than the person who has done wrong. So start putting your own well-being first, and live life with as much interest and love as you can. 21 Forgiveness has the following advantages except that_. （ A） it enables people to be smarter （ B） it makes people more c
43、heerful （ C） it helps people to be healthier （ D） it relieves peoples frustration 22 According to the passage, if you keep feeling angry for a long time, _. （ A） the one who has done wrong will keep sending you presents （ B） the one who has done wrong will ultimately apologize to you （ C） you will h
44、ave power over the one who has done wrong to you （ D） you will gradually lose control over your mind and your health 23 The author thinks when one forgives, _. （ A） he endures the offence without complaints （ B） he tries his best to forget the bad experience （ C） he does not cling to the past but we
45、lcomes the bright side of life （ D） he does not carry out revenge but reminds himself of the offence 24 Dr. Witvleit thinks to forgive _. （ A） benefits ones physical health （ B） benefits ones mental health （ C） costs ones time and energy （ D） shows ones spiritual virtue 25 The author most probably w
46、ants to _. （ A） inform the reader （ B） instruct the reader （ C） compare two ways of treating anger （ D） focus on the advantage of forgiving 25 One of the biggest changes since 1990 is the degree to which bioterrorism has become a public health priority. Although there had long been concern about vul
47、nerability to biowarfare and bioterrorism, the anthrax episode in the fall of 2001 made it clear that the concern is no longer theoretical. Until very recently, the important role of public health at the frontlines of bioterrorism preparedness was unrecognized. Although concern about emerging infect
48、ions has helped stimulate funding for the chronically underappreciated public health system, the threat of bioterrorism motivated the first real infusion of new money into public health in decades. Many of the capabilities needed to defend against bioterrorism are the same as those needed to combat
49、natural emerging infections. In both instances, the problem is an unexpected outbreak of infectious disease, of which the first indication is likely to be sick people in emergency rooms or clinics. Indeed, as with the anthrax attacks, the public health and medical responses may be under way before the true nature of the outbreak is recognized. Public health and the interface with the health care system are therefore key elemen
