[外语类试卷]大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷37及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语六级改革适用(阅读)模拟试卷 37及答案与解析 Section C 0 Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. Individu
2、als communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity(遗传 )may determine
3、 some emotional behaviour. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions. Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behaviour originally served both as an aid to survi
4、val and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if they are aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld by r
5、esearch on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their body s internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behaviour. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviourism, observed that babies stimulated by certai
6、n events showed three basic emotions fear, anger, and love. Watsons view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919. The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters an important event or thought. The
7、person s interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes
8、 and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away. Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions which can exist at various levels of i
9、ntensity are anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colours produce all others. 1 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind ( A) have emotions different from
10、 those of sighted persons ( B) have some facial expression like those of sighted persons ( C) depend only on words to express their feelings ( D) seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures 2 The James-Lange theory of emotions_. ( A) overlooked internal physical reactions ( B) exaggera
11、ted the function of stimulating events ( C) faced a challenge from counter evidence ( D) offered a narrow interpretation of emotions 3 In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event? ( A) Interpretation made. ( B) Responses produced. ( C) Feelin
12、g stimulated. ( D) Action taken. 4 Emotions are compared to colours because_. ( A) they are classified in a similar way ( B) they have the same influence on people s life ( C) both of them may take on different forms ( D) both of them may have basic elements mixed in them 5 The main purpose of this
13、writing is to_. ( A) arouse readers interest in emotional behaviours ( B) help readers enjoy pleasant emotions ( C) outline the development of theories about emotions ( D) analyze various emotions and physical changes 5 Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Restaura
14、nts, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller batches or trying to compost and cut down on trash-hauling costs. “We have all come to work with this big elephant
15、 in the middle of the kitchen, and the elephant is this Its okay to waste belief system,“ said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. A 2004 University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Whol
16、esale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according to the National Restaurant Association. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campuss biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. Getti
17、ng rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Techs sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet, only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, h
18、e said. That same phenomenon often happens at Oregon s Portland International Airport. Busy travellers often discard half-eaten meals into trash cans, adding dozens of tons of waste that the airport must pay the city to haul away. Now the airport is ramping up a three-year-old program to install foo
19、d-only trash cans. The food waste is collected in biodegradable bags and given to the city to use as compost, said Stan Jones, aviation environmental compliance manager at the airport. Besides being environmentally friendly, the changes may save the airport money. It costs about $82 to have one ton
20、of trash hauled from the airport to the city landfill. But food waste costs about $48 a ton to haul. Cutting back on the waste can require spending money on software and training. LeanPath, based in Portland, Ore, sells a software system to track food being tossed out. Steve Peterson, head chef at t
21、he MGM Grand hotel in Las Vegas, said he was surprised when he installed the LeanPath system and saw the value of food that was going out the back door. Much of the waste came from sauces, dressings and trimmings that weren t eaten. To cut costs, Peterson decided to reduce serving sizes. He said cus
22、tomers werent bothered by the switch, which has helped him trim food waste by between 15 to 20 percent over 18 months. 6 According to the first paragraph,_. ( A) lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away ( B) food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores ( C) exp
23、erts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash ( D) busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash 7 What does Andrew Shackman say we should pay attention to? ( A) How to use novel ways to compensate for the costs of waste. ( B) How to get ride of the “Its okay to wast
24、e“ belief system. ( C) How to haul tons of food waste in the middle of the kitchen. ( D) How to call for institutions to deal with the issue of food waste. 8 The program operated at Virginia Tech_. ( A) does not work on freshman students ( B) makes students take more food at the buffet ( C) has cut
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