1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 69及答案与解析 Section B 0 The Impact of Wilderness Tourism A)The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their “wilderness“ regions such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands to high-
2、spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile(i.e. highl
3、y vulnerable to abnormal pressures)not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. B)The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and
4、 Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year. C)Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural l
5、andscape beauty and the unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of “adventure tourist“, grateful for the hard currency they bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bh
6、utan. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona s Monument Valley. D)Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hil
7、l-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeks working as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. E)In some hill-regions, this has led
8、to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods. F)In Arctic and deser
9、t societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food an
10、d stores. G)Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts, tend to undermine traditional survival systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens if these new, external sources of income dry up? H)The physical impact
11、 of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers
12、. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use. I)Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although to
13、urism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. A
14、nd a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term. J)In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local
15、 concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside
16、 visitors. K)Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue local
17、ly. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers. L)Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar
18、 strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery. M)Too
19、 many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because people s desire to see new places will not just disappear.
20、Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible.
21、The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception. 1 In some desert societies traditional food-gathering was carried out in a limited period of time. 2 Tourism has become the principal source of income in some poor and isolated areas. 3 Some Arctic communities
22、operate tour businesses themselves to increase local income. 4 The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos produce and sell high-quality potteries which in turn bring in high profits. 5 The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries. 6 The spread of tourism in
23、certain hill-regions has resulted in a fall in the amount of food produced locally. 7 In addition to tourism, government handouts is also to blame for the damage it does to traditional patterns of food-gathering. 8 Wilderness tourism operates in certain defined periods of the year in fragile areas.
24、9 In order to balance tourist needs and demands of the local people, communities are supposed to bring tourism ventures under control. 10 The revived production of cheese secured Swiss Pays dEnhaut with a reliable source of income. 10 Reading the World in 196 Books A)Writer Ann Morgan set herself a
25、challenge to read a book from every country in the world in one year. She describes the experience and what she learned. B)I used to think of myself as a fairly cosmopolitan sort of person, but my bookshelves told a different story. Apart from a few Indian novels and the odd Australian and South Afr
26、ican book, my literature collection consisted of British and American titles. C)Worse still, I hardly ever tackled anything in translation. My reading was confined to stories by English-speaking authors. D)So, at the start of 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every count
27、ry(well, all 195 UN-recognised states plus former UN member Taiwan)in a year to find out what I was missing. E)With no idea how to go about this beyond a sneaking suspicion that I was unlikely to find publications from nearly 200 nations on the shelves of my local bookshop, I decided to ask the plan
28、ets readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English. F)The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books f
29、rom their home countries. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan s Ak Welsapar and Panama s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works otherwise unavailable to the 62% of Brits wh
30、o only speak English. G)Even with such an extraordinary team of bibliophiles behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task. For a start, with translations making up only around 4.5 per cent of literary works published in the UK and Ireland, getting English versions of stories was tricky. Small
31、 states H)This was particularly true for francophone and lusophone(Portuguese-speaking)African countries. Theres precious little on offer for states such as the Comoros, Madagascar, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique I had to rely on unpublished manuscripts for several of these. I)And when it came to the
32、tiny island nation of Sao Tome it s also cultural. Professionals, managers, and executives with a smartphone spend 72 hours a week(including the weekend)checking work e-mail. Its become a nonstop world, especially for professional workers. G)But all employers are offering fewer vacation days and sic
33、k days than they used to. And those who are lucky enough to get paid vacation days arent using them. A Glassdoor survey found that three-quarters of American employees dont use all of their vacation time. The average person takes just half of what she s allotted. Fifteen percent dont take any time w
34、hatsoever. A different study estimated that we leave about three vacation days unused each year. Even 60 percent of those who took time off in the Glassdoor survey still worked on vacation, many of them because they felt like they couldn t truly log off. H)At the same time, were working harder and f
35、or longer days. The 40-hour workweek is mostly a thing of the past. Ninety-four percent of professional workers put in 50 or more hours, and nearly half work 65 or above. All workers have managed to cut down on our time on the job by 112 hours over the last 40 years, but were far behind other countr
36、ies: The French cut down by 491 hours, the Dutch by 425, and Canadians by 215 in the same time period. Workers in Ireland and the Netherlands are also working less. I)We re also increasing our productivity, getting more done in the time we spend at work. It went up by nearly 25 percent between 2000
37、and 2012. J)This overwork shows up in our sleep. Out of five developed peers, four other countries sleep more than us. That has again worsened over the years. K)In 1942, more than 80 percent of Americans slept seven hours a night or more. Today, 40 percent sleep six hours or less. A lack of sleep ma
38、kes us poorer workers: People who sleep less than seven hours a night have a much harder time concentrating and getting work done. L)Perhaps it would be worth all of this if working longer and harder produced better results, fuelled the economy, and created wealth for everyone. But thats not likely.
39、 Taking some time off actually improves a worker s productivity at work. A study from Ernst & Young found that every ten hours of vacation time taken by an employee boosted her year-end performance rating by 8 percent and lowered turnover. M)Former NASA scientists found that people who take vacation
40、s experience an 82 percent increase in job performance upon their return, with longer vacations making more of an impact than short ones. N)Putting in too many hours, on the other hand, does the opposite. More than 60 hours a week will create a small productivity flurry at first, but itll start to d
41、ecline again after three or four weeks. Other studies have found the same initial burst followed, but a worse decline. O)But what is it all for? Americans are working harder but not seeing the fruits of their labour. Workers, white collar and blue collar alike, have seen a decade go by without much
42、of an increase in wages despite their increasing productivity. The infamous one percent have taken home 47 percent of total income growth between 1976 and 2007. Turns out, being “crazy, driven, hard-working believers,“ in Cadillacs words, isnt working out so well for the 99 percent. 21 Although Amer
43、ican staff have reduced their working time, they still lag behind many developed countries. 22 Taking some time off, rather than working consecutively improves productivity and creates wealth for everyone. 23 Even for those people who did take time off but still worked on vacation, they thought that
44、 their work was far from finished. 24 At the beginning, more than 60 working hours a week creates a small boom in productivity, but itll start to decline again after three or four weeks. 25 Both policy and cultural influence encourage overwork. 26 About 40% Americans cannot ask for a sick leave and
45、take a paid day off to see a doctor or look after their family members. 27 The increasing productivity dwarfs the increase in workers wages. 28 Nearly 25% Americans do not have paid vacation to enjoy. 29 Many Europeans have the whole August to enjoy their month-long vacation. 30 Overwork cuts down A
46、mericans sleeping time, and lack of sleep in turn lowers the quality of work. 大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷 69答案与解析 Section B 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 1 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 根据题干中的 desert societies可以将答案定位在 F段 In Arctic and desertsocieties， year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish andcollecting
47、fruit over a relatively short season ”处在北极和沙漠的社区，传统上，全年的生存都依靠打猎捕鱼和在相当短的季节里采摘果实。 ”即题干表达的食物采集仅是在一年内有限的时间进行的。其中， hunting animals，collecting fruit和题干的 food-gathering相对应。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 2 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 题干意为旅游成了一些贫穷、偏远地区的主要收入来源。其中的poor andisolated areas可以将答案迅速定位在 C段 And poor governments in these isolatedar
48、eas have welcomed the new breed of“adventure tourist”， grateful for the hard currencythey bring For several years now， tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchangein Nepal and Bhutan。其中， prime和 principal为近义词。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 3 【正确答案】 K 【试题解析】 本题意为一些北极社区自主运作旅游增加当地收入。题干中Arcticcommunities是关键词，可以将答
49、案定位在 K段 some Arctic communities are nowoperating tour businesses themselves， thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally，句中 accrue和题干 increase互为近义词。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 4 【正确答案】 L 【试题解析】 本题意为阿科马和珊以尔德凡索这两个印第安村庄生产销售高质量的陶器因而获得高回报。题干中的名词 Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos是关键词，可以将答案定位在 L段 encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations topurchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork The Acoma and San Ildefonso puebloshave established highly profitable pottery businesses。 【知识模块】 长篇阅读 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题意为荒野旅游低廉的成本使得它对许多国家都极具吸引力。题干中 wild
