1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 101及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 一些学生认为运动要以兴趣为中心 2. 另一些学生认为运动要以健康为中心 3. 你的看法 Interest-oriented Or Health-oriented Sports 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and
2、 answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Th
3、e day I meet Sonja Lyubomirsky, she keeps getting calls from her Toyota, Prius dealer. When she finally picks up, she is excited by the news： she can buy the car she wants in two days. Lyubomirsky wonders if her enthusiasm might come across as materialism, but I understand that she is buying an expe
4、rience as much as a possession. Two weeks later, in late January, the 40-year-old Lyubomirsky, who smiles often and seems to approach life with zest and good humor, reports that she is “totally loving the Prius“. But will the feeling wear off soon after the new-car smell, or will it last, making a n
5、aturally happy person even more so? The Possibility of Lasting Happiness An experimental psychologist investigating the possibility of lasting happiness, Lyubomirsky understands far better than most of us the folly of pinning our hopes on a new car-or on any good fortune that comes our way. We tend
6、to adapt, quickly returning to our usual level of happiness. The classic example of such “hedonic adaptatiou“ (享乐适应 )comes from a 1970s study of lottery winners, who ended up no happier than nonwinners a year. after their windfall (意外横财 ). Hedonic adaptation helps to explain why even changes in majo
7、r life circumstances-such as income, marriage, physical health and where we live-do so little to boost our overall happiness. Not only that, but studies of twins and adoptees have shown that about 50 percent of each persons happiness is determined from birth. This “genetic set point“ alone makes the
8、 happiness glass look half empty, because any upward swing in happiness seems doomed to fall back to near your baseline. “Theres been a tension in the field, “explains Lyubomirskys main collaborator, psychologist Kennon M. Sheldon of the University of Missouri-Columbia. “Some people were assuming yo
9、u can affect happiness if, for example, you picked the right goals, but there was all this literature that suggested it was impossible, that what goes up must come down.“ The Happiness Pie Lyubomirsky, Sheldon and another psychologist, David A. Schkade of the University of California, San Diego, put
10、 the existing findings together into a simple pie chart showing what determines happiness. Half the pie is the genetic set point. The smallest slice is circumstances, which explain only about 10 percent of peoples differences in happiness. So what is the remaining 40 percent? “Because nobody had put
11、 it together before, thats unexplained,“ Lyubomirsky says. But she believes that when you take away genes and circumstances, what is left besides error must be “intentional activity“, mental and behavioral strategies to counteract adaptations downward pull. Lyubomirsky has been studying these activi
12、ties in hopes of finding out whether and how people can stay above their set point. In theory, that is possible in much the same way regular diet and exercise can keep athletes weight below their genetic set points. But before Lyubomirsky began, there was “a huge vacuum of research on how to increas
13、e happiness“, she says. The lottery study in particular “made people shy away from interventions“, explains eminent University of Pennsylvania psychologist Martin E. P. Seligman, the father of positive psychology and a mentor to Lyubomirsky. When science had scrutinized (细察 ) happiness at all, it wa
14、s mainly through correlational studies, which cannot tell what came first-the happiness or what it is linked to-let alone determine the cause and effect. Finding out that individuals with strong social ties are more satisfied with their lives than loners, for example, begs the question of whether fr
15、iends make us happier or whether happy people are simply like lier to seek and attract friends. Lyubemirskys Research Lyubomirsky began studying happiness as a graduate student in 1989 after an intriguing conversation with her adviser, Stanford University psychologist Lee D. Ross, who told her about
16、 a remarkably happy friend who had lost both parents to the Holocaust(大屠杀 ). Ross explains it this way, “For this person, the meaning of the Holocaust was that it was inappropriate to be unhappy about trivial things-and that one should strive to find joy in life and human relationships.“ Psychologis
17、ts have long known that different people can see and think about the same events in different ways, but they had done little research on how these interpretations affect well-being. So Lyubomirsky had to lay some groundwork before she could go into the lab. Back then, happiness was “a fuzzy, unscien
18、tific topic“, she says, and although no instrument yet exists for giving perfectly valid, reliable and precise readings of someones happiness from session to session, Lyubomirsky has brought scientific strictness to the emerging field. From her firm belief that it is each persons self-reported happi
19、ness that matters, she developed a four-question Subjective Happiness Scale. Lyubomirskys working definition of happiness-“a joyful, contented life“-gets at both the feelings and judgments necessary for overall happiness. To this day, she rarely sees her studies participants; they do most exercises
20、out in the real world and answer detailed questionnaires on the computer, often from home. To assess subjects efforts and honesty, she uses several crosschecks, such as timing them as they complete the questionnaires. The research needed to answer questions about lasting happiness is costly, because
21、 studies need to follow a sizable group of people over a long time. Two and a half years ago Lyubomirsky and Sheldon received a five-year, $1million grant from the National Institute of Mental Health to do just that. Investigators have no shortage of possible strategies to test, with happiness advic
22、e coming “from the Buddha to Tony Robbins“, as Seligman puts it. So Lyubomirsky started with three promising strategies: kindness, gratitude and optimism-all of which past research had linked with happiness. Her aim is not merely to confirm the strategies effectiveness but to gain insights into how
23、happiness works. For example, conventional wisdom suggests keeping a daily gratitude journal. But one study revealed that those who had been assigned to do that ended up less happy than those who had to count their blessings only once a week. Lyubomirsky therefore confirmed her hunch (预感 )that timin
24、g is important. So is variety, it turned out: a kindness intervention found that participants told to vary their good deeds ended up happier than those forced into a kindness rut. Lyubomirsky is also asking about mediators: Why, for example, does acting kind make you happier? “Im a basic researcher,
25、 not an applied researcher, so Im interested not so much in the strategies but in how they work and what goes on behind the scenes,“ she explains. Initial results with the interventions have been promising, but sustaining them is tough. Months after a study is over, the people who have stopped the e
26、xercises show a drop in happiness. Like a drug or a diet, the exercises work only if you stick with them. Instilling habits is crucial. Another key: “fit“, or how well the exercise matches the person. If sitting down to imagine your best possible self (an optimism exercise) feels contrived, you will
27、 be less likely to do it. The biggest factor may be getting over the idea that happiness is fixed-and realizing that sustained effort can boost it. “A lot of people dont apply the notion of effort to their emotional lives,“ Lyubomirsky declares, “but the effort it takes is enormous.“ 2 Sonja Lyubomi
28、rsky bought the car just because she wanted to own a Prius. 3 Hedonic adaptation means people always return to their usual level of happiness after the temporary satisfaction. 4 Those people who have set up correct goals will always be happy. 5 In the happiness pie chart, error factors account for 1
29、0 percent. 6 Before Lyubomirsky carried out her own research, scientists investigated happiness mainly through 7 Because little research had been done on the explanation of happiness, before going into the lab, Lyubomir-sky had done some _. 8 Lyubomirsky designed a Subjective Happiness Scale because
30、 she believed it was each persons _ that can faithfully record their own happiness. 9 A large sum of money must be spent on Lyubomirskys research because it needs to trace a lot of people _. 10 The example of keeping a daily gratitude journal shows that _ is very important. 11 Exercises in gratitude
31、, kindness and optimism can make people happier-but only if they keep doing them and these exercises _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both
32、the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Be hostile to Nancy. （ B） Ask Nancy to come out. （ C） Talk to Nancy herself. （ D） W
33、rite Nancy a letter. （ A） The man can have his pants at the end of the day. （ B） Cleaning the pants will take longer than usual. （ C） She doesnt think the stain can be removed. （ D） The man should go to a different location. （ A） The man should start running daily. （ B） She also prefers to exercise
34、in the afternoon. （ C） Its important to warm up before exercising. （ D） The man should continue his exercise program. （ A） Everyone enjoyed himself at Johns parties. （ B） The woman didnt enjoy Johns parties at all. （ C） It will be the first time for the man to attend Johns party. （ D） The woman is g
35、lad to be invited to Johns house-warming party. （ A） They should wait patiently. （ B） They should ask that man to leave. （ C） They should serve that man immediately. （ D） That man is old enough to order things he likes. （ A） The professor postponed the exam and will inform everyone later. （ B） The p
36、rofessor phoned him about the postponing of the exam. （ C） The professor canceled the exam. （ D） The professor put off the exam. （ A） The location of the session has been changed. （ B） She will definitely go to the session this evening. （ C） Shell probably be too tired to walk to the session. （ D） T
37、he session might be canceled because of a heavy snow. （ A） He thinks it is difficult to get fuel for the car. （ B） He can manage to get the gasoline they need. （ C） He doesnt think it necessary to refuel the car. （ D） He hopes the woman will help him select a fuel. （ A） A popular television program.
38、 （ B） A breakthrough in technology. （ C） A recent purchase. （ D） A new electronics store. （ A） Know what television is best for him. （ B） Ask for a cheaper price on the television. （ C） Change a store to buy a different television. （ D） Be satisfied with what he has. （ A） Watch less television. （ B）
39、 Return the television to the store. （ C） Pay for the television. （ D） Show the woman how to use the television. （ A） To go to see and talk to a friend. （ B） To go to cash his travelers checks. （ C） To go to the bank and repair the computer. （ D） To go to the bank and save some money, （ A） He is fro
40、m Germany. （ B） He is from Europe. （ C） He is from Britain. （ D） He is from America. （ A） Traveling around the world. （ B） Having a rest after a days work. （ C） Going on business trip. （ D） Working in their company. （ A） About the places where to buy beautiful clothes. （ B） About the places where to
41、 have great food. （ C） About the places where to buy bus system. （ D） About the places where to find expensive restaurants. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spok
42、en only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The job must not ruin your talents. （ B） The job must be able to shape your personality. （ C） The job must set a pattern of life. （ D） The job must suit your interest. （ A） Earni
43、ng a Living （ B） Correct Attitude on Job-hunting （ C） How to Choose a Job? （ D） What Can a Good Job Offer? （ A） How the President proposes new laws. （ B） How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress. （ C） How the President can reject a proposed law. （ D） How lawmakers can force the President to sig
44、n a bill. （ A） Why the President opposes a bill. （ B） How lawmakers want to revise a bill. （ C） Why a deadline has not been met. （ D） When lawmakers plan to end their session. （ A） They send the message to the President within ten days. （ B） They officially state reasons for rejecting the message. （
45、 C） They meet with the President. （ D） They revise the vetoed bill. （ A） The bill becomes law immediately. （ B） The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again. （ C） Lawmakers must review the bill within ten days. （ D） The President must sign the bill if its passed again. （ A） Trainin
46、g given to music therapists. （ B） How music prevents disease. （ C） Studies on the benefits of music. （ D） How musicians create music. （ A） To replace physical therapy. （ B） To control brain seizures. （ C） To prevent heart disease. （ D） To relieve tension. （ A） Music they like can relieve depression
47、but distract attention. （ B） Music they like can reduce stress and improve concentration. （ C） Classical music and rock-and-roll increase their heart rate and expand the breathing. （ D） Wearing headphones can help concentrate when they are performing operations. （ A） It increased the students white
48、blood cell count. （ B） It increased some students energy level. （ C） It improved the students ability to play musical instruments. （ D） It released a natural painkiller in some students bodies. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for t
49、he first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Personality is to a large extent inherent A type parents usually bring about A type【 B1】 But the enviro
