1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 135及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 现在越来越多的年轻人把手机短信作为交流的主要渠道 2. 使用手机雉的利与弊 3. 我的观点 My Viewpoint on Wide-spread SMS 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer th
2、e questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 The East Ind
3、ia Company The concept of corporations was first established under ancient Roman law. But it wasnt until England emerged from the Middle Ages that it created what we recognize as the modern corporate structure. It all began on Dec. 31,1600, when Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to the British Eas
4、t India Corporation, naming the corporation“ The Governor and Company of Merchants of London, trading with the East Indies“. The corporation conducted business in the East Indies (land that we now consider India and the Middle East) at the order of the queen. The East India Company established a few
5、 major precedents for modern corporations. But it also shaped the world in countless other ways. With both the financial and military support of the Crown, the EIC served as an instrument of imperialism (帝国主义 ) for England. The company had its own private army and raised soldiers in the areas it con
6、quered. Its expansionism spurred several wars that produced at least two sovereign nations. Among its many claims to fame (and notoriety), the EIC indirectly built Yale University, helped create two nations and was the worlds 1orgest drug-dealing operation in the 18th century. The company was ruthle
7、ss (无情的 )in its quest for profits. Parliament even called the EIC tyrannical(残暴的 ). However, without the EIC, England may have never developed into the nation it is today. The Creation of the East India Company When the British East India Company (EIC) was formed in 1600, there were already other Ea
8、st India Companies operating on behalf of France, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. Thanks to the naval route that explorer Vasco da Gama discovered, riches from the Orient were pouring into Europe. With other nations importing fortunes in goods and plunder, Queen Elizabeth decided England should
9、 get some, too. So she granted the charter for the East India Company. The charter she issued created the first official joint-stock corporation. A joint-stock corporation is composed of investors who are granted shares in a company. In return for their initial Investments, shareholders are given di
10、vidends, or percentages, of the companys profits based on the number of shares the investor holds. Shares and dividends were not new Concepts in. England. Twenty years prior to the EIC s charter, Queen Elizabeth was already a major stakeholder In Sir Francis Drakes ship, the Golden Hind. Although it
11、s not certain how much she made from Drakes voyages to the New World, the captain himself made a 5 000 percent return on his initial investment. So a joint-stock corporation like the one Queen Elizabeth formed in the East India Company wasnt much of a financial leap. But it was the first of its kind
12、, and following the establishment of the EIC,its Dutch, French and other competitors followed suit. But granting charter to the EIC wasnt the only part of the prototype for modern corporations that Queen Elizabeth devised. Under the support of her royal authority, Elizabeth also limited the liabilit
13、y of the EIC s investors-including hers. This made the company the worlds first limited liability corporation (abbreviated as LLC in the United States and Ltd. in the United Kingdom). Under an LLC, the investors in a corporation are granted protection from losing any more money than their initial in
14、vestments in the venture. If the company goes under, the investors only lose the amount of money they put into the LLC. The companys outstanding debts arent divided up among its investors. Although it took several decades for the East India Company to become truly profitable, once it did, the compan
15、y rose to global domination-both in business and in government. In a symbiotic way, as the company grew in power, so, too, did England. So its no surprise that during its existence, the company was directly involved in major geopolitical changes: The EIC literally changed the course of history. Two
16、nations, India and the United States, revolted against East India Company rule, which led to the establishment of their current political structures. The East India Company and the United States American and British schoolchildren are taught about the notorious Tea Act of 1773, which led to the rebe
17、llious Boston Tea Party. But exactly why the Boston colonists threw thousands of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor may be less clear. Its actually due to a secret agreement between the government and the East India Company. The Tea Act was designed by Parliament specifically to help the EIC unload th
18、e millions of pounds of unsold tea in its English warehouses. The Americas were the designated recipients of the surplus tea. The Tea Act withdrew any taxes levied on the EIC for the tea it stored and sold-but it maintained the tax on all other tea sold in the colonies. This was equal to outlawing (
19、宣布为不合法 ) tea from any source other than the EIC, including small, colonial tea outfits. It would be like the United States government forcing all of todays Americans to purchase Apple computers only. Ultimately, the Tea Act allowed the EIC to drive its competition out of business. Colonists deemed t
20、his an unfair practice-government was supporting one businesss interests at the expense of the liberty-and it gave rise to the famous slogan“ no taxation without representation“. Rather than agree to this corporate/government secret agreement, about 150 colonists dumped the EIC s new shipment of tea
21、 into Boston Harbor. The English government showed its allegiance to the East India Company when Parliament demanded that colonists reimburse(偿还 ) the company for the nearly $ i million (in 21st-century dollars) worth of tea. To enforce this demand, the British Navy was called in to blockade the har
22、bor. The tension created by this situation directly led the colonists into the Revolutionary War. The East India Company and India Perhaps it was being stationed halfway across the world from the East India Companys home offices in London. Or maybe it was the potential for wealth afforded by Indias
23、riches. Either way, Elihu Yale (the benefactor for whom Yale University is named) was tempted into .building his own smuggling operation. His dismissal from his post as the EIC governor of Madras was a light sentence compared to the fates of others who ran afoul of the company. Perhaps Yale got away
24、 with his life because of the work hed done on behalf of the EIC. Thanks to factories (colonies or settlements) nm by men tike Yale ,the East India Company was able to subjugate India and its tribal rulers. The company built forts in India to house its private army. The EIC also raised soldiers from
25、 within the native populations. With the establishment of martial rule (the government set up in a land occupied by military) profits could be garnered easily. Perhaps the most profitable export for the companys India operations was opium (鸦片 ). By 1750, the EIC had established control over Indias m
26、ost productive sites of opium cultivation. By 1793, Britain had a monopoly on opium, and no Indian grower was allowed to sell his crops to any other company, The British colonialism carried out through the EIC was pretty brutal. It included the forceful seizure of land and deposing of rulers. Tribut
27、e, taxes and loyally were extracted from average citizens through methods. up to and including torture. Ultimately, the British presence proved to be unacceptable for some Indians. A number of sepoys (native Indians who joined the EICs militia) revolted against the EICs rule during the. Sepoy Rebell
28、ion of 1857. Some historians consider this Indias first war for independence, even though it was queued by the British army. Afterward, Great Britain officially occupied the country. India would remain an English colony until 1947, when it became a constitutional republic. The eventual creation of m
29、odern-day India and the United States are but two major world events that have the East India Companys fingerprints. It would be nearly impossible to trace the entire legacy-both positive and negative impacts-that the East India Company had on the world. With direct involvement in so many different
30、aspects of our world, perhaps the question isnt “how did the East India Company change the world“, but “how didnt it?“ 2 The establishment of the modern corporate structure started _. （ A） from early seventeenth century （ B） from the Middle Ages （ C） under ancient Roman law （ D） from the ending of t
31、he industrial revolution 3 What did the East India Company get from British sovereign at its expansion? （ A） The qualification of establishing its branches. （ B） The permission to build Yale University. （ C） Financial as well as military support. （ D） The private army to protect its employees. 4 Why
32、 did Queen Elizabeth want to establish the EIC ? （ A） Because she wanted to learn the corporation style of France. （ B） Because she wanted to follow Vasco da Gamas route. （ C） Because she needed fortunes to conquer other European countries. （ D） Because she wanted to share fortunes with other Europe
33、an countries. 5 A joint-stock corporation allows people to _. （ A） divide the corporations property （ B） hold shares of the corporation （ C） return their percentage back to the corporation （ D） divide their initial investments to a corporation 6 A limited liability corporation protects investors in
34、that _. （ A） they lose only the first sum of money put in the corporation （ B） they only divide equally the corporation debts （ C） they neednt pay tax to the government （ D） they can put more investment into the corporation 7 What advantages did EIC get from the Tea Act? （ A） EIC didnt have to pay t
35、axes for the tea it had. （ B） Only EIC could sell tea to the American colonies. （ C） EIC finally won the trust of the British government. （ D） EIC got a huge amount of tea from the American colonies. 8 How did people in colonies respond to the Tea Act? （ A） They showed their loyalty to the British g
36、overnment. （ B） They were dedicated to the Revolutionary War. （ C） They paid nearly $1 million to the EIC. （ D） They threw a huge amount of tea into Boston Harbor. 9 Yale University is named after Elihu Yale, who once worked for EIC as _. 10 Since Britain got the exclusive control on opium, Indian g
37、rowers must sell their crops to _. 11 It was not until 1947 that India became _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and th
38、e questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He hasnt got a fiat. （ B） He wants to go and look. （ C） He wants to share a fiat. （ D） He wants the woman
39、to go and look. （ A） He will help Mary to cook the dish instead of Bill. （ B） He will wash the dishes himself instead of Mary. （ C） He will help Bill to translate the manual. （ D） He himself will operate the dishwasher. （ A） Borrow her book. （ B） Check the classroom again. （ C） Buy a new book. （ D）
40、Ask about the book at the information desk. （ A） The visiting economist has given several lectures. （ B） Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates. （ C） Dr. Johnson invited the economist to visit their college. （ D） The guest lecturers opinion is different from Dr. Johnsons. （ A） He agrees
41、with the womans choice. （ B） He doesnt want spicy food. （ C） He wants the salad to be fresh. （ D） Garlic is his favorite flavor. （ A） Because theyre bored. （ B） Because if theyre bored they just turn on the television. （ C） Because television can entertain people. （ D） Because television cannot tell
42、 people how to train their ability. （ A） The man will go home during the spring holiday. （ B） The man will graduate before spring holiday. （ C） The man will not graduate in May. （ D） The man will not go home during the spring holiday. （ A） Call a taxi for the woman. （ B） Ride a horse with the woman.
43、 （ C） Take the Woman to the bus station. （ D） Drive the woman to the train station. （ A） There was television, but not in London. （ B） There was no television anywhere in England. （ C） There was television, but only in the London area. （ D） There was television somewhere in Britain. （ A） It is a pri
44、vate company. （ B） It is controlled by the government. （ C） It cannot be used for government propaganda. （ D） It can be used by private individuals and firms. （ A） Because they have to pay for it. （ B） Because they think TVs commercials are insults to their intelligence. （ C） Because it gets all its
45、 money from advertisements. （ D） Because there werent any ads on TV. （ A） Be a researcher in the area. （ B） Be a clinical psychologist. （ C） Know how to be a problem-solver. （ D） Know more about peoples behavior. （ A） The area covered by the course. （ B） The practice orientation of the course. （ C）
46、Teachers attitude to both teaching and the students. （ D） Teachers flexibility in teaching. （ A） Designing various questionnaires. （ B） Making surveys in factories. （ C） Making analysis on statistics. （ D） Writing reports about questionnaires. （ A） She was tired of asking people questions. （ B） She
47、wanted something for a change. （ C） She wanted something more challenging. （ D） She failed to get a promotion. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.
48、 After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To make a deal. （ B） To greet each other. （ C） To show friendliness. （ D） To reach an agreement. （ A） Westerners are unwilling to shake hands. （ B） Westerners are more reserved than the Chine
49、se. （ C） We shouldnt shake hands with European women. （ D） We should make a judgment before shaking hands. （ A） To give us some advice before we travel abroad. （ B） To offer us some important facts about handshaking. （ C） To introduce us to some different customs in the West. （ D） To tell us some differences between the East and the West. （ A） Mainly because she felt nervous on the stage. （ B） Mainly because she lost her interest in that role. （ C） Mainly because she prefe
