1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 137及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Evaluation by Students 1不少大学让学生参与任课老师教学情况的测评 2对此改革措施校方、教师、学生的看法不一 3学生测评教师的益处以及可能产生的问题 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answ
2、er the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Sustain
3、able Communities According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how c
4、itizens interact with the environment. Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村 ), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the populations basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. So
5、me communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well. Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they d
6、ont use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they dont produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others-living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:-printed money-but the basic princip
7、les are similar. Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also migh
8、t zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents dont even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle. Using green building techniques is another staple of su
9、stainable communities. Here are a few examples: . Architects design buildings to take advantage of the suns lighting and heating capabilities. . They install energy-efficient appliances. . They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transp
10、ort. . They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested. You might see straw bale (草捆 ) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are
11、 exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt. Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the e
12、nvironment. Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl o
13、f Atlanta just 32 miles away. Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be got
14、ten rid of, residents mm them into resources. Sewage, for example, is turned into compost that fertilizes plants and increases soil productivity, while captured rainwater is cleansed through innovative filtering systems and reused for watering plants. Examples of Sustainable Communities More than 40
15、0 ecovillages exist in the world, according to the Global Ecovillage Network database. The following examples outline life in just two of these communities. Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage, Missouri. Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage is a developing 280-acre community in northeastern Missouri with far-reaching go
16、als. It aims to be an entirely self-reliant town that practices “radical environmental sustainability, according to the communitys website. The towns founders hope to attract between 500 and 1 000 residents to create a diverse community more capable of providing for all of its own needs. Dancing Rab
17、bit even has its own local currency to encourage local trading and sourcing of jobs. The ecovillage has established a set of six guidelines that may seem extreme to the lazy environ- mentalists among us, but should set the town well on its way towards achieving sustainability. 1. No vehicles are to
18、be used or stored in the village. 2. Fossil fuels for cars, refrigeration, heating and cooling homes, as well heating domestic water arent allowed. 3. All gardening must be organic. 4. All power must come from renewable resources. 5. No lumber from outside the local area is allowed unless it is recy
19、cled or salvaged. 6. Organic waste and recyclable materials are to be reincorporated into usable products through composting methods. Long term, Dancing Rabbit citizens are trying to achieve negative population growth. If they want the current 50 or so residents to become 500 or I 000, they may want
20、 to rethink that last guideline. Los Angeles Ecovillage, California. You might think sustainable communities have to be set in the country, but thats not true. Located just three miles west of downtown Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Ecovillage (LAEV) is a community of 500 residents seeking to have min
21、imal impact on the environment while also providing a fulfilling way of life. The urban location near public transit, schools, churches, commercial services and industry helps residents drive less, while the dozens of gardens and fruit trees provide a local source of food. LAEV takes a whole-systems
22、 approach to sustainability, meaning that residents strive to balance the social, economic and environmental needs of the community. Here, clean water and air rank up there with close-knit relationships, ethnic diversity and affordable housing. Citizens have saved 20 tons of brick from the landfill
23、to use in construction projects, composted over 100 cubic yards of yard waste and held countless weekly potluck dinners to establish and strengthen relationships. Who knew that sustainability could be possible even in one of the largest, most polluted cities in the United States? Other Eco-Friendly
24、Communities Residents of the two sustainable communities we just discussed deliberately placed sustainability at the top of their agenda. But communities spring up for lots of reasons not related to the environment, and sometimes the Earth benefits. Before “green“ was the new buzzword and sustainabi
25、lity was cool, Old Order Amish communities were quietly co-existing with the planet since the early 18th century. While members of this religious group didnt consciously develop their way of life to help the environment, their simple farm-based living doesnt hurt it. The Amish use horses to power th
26、eir farm equipment and to get around. Their homes have no electricity; instead, they use lanterns (灯笼 ) for light. In stark contrast to the rampant consumerism visible in many countries, the Amish do not own things they dont need. They wear simple clothes, and their houses are sparsely furnished. Am
27、ish communities didnt have to “return to the earth“ to achieve their brand of sustainability. They were there all along. Cohousing developments offer another example of a living arrangement that unwittingly(未觉察地 ) practices sustainability. These developments typically are designed to encourage and s
28、trengthen social relationships, rather than to tread lightly on the environment, but, as it turns out, the two often go hand in hand. Although residents in a cohousing development enjoy the privacy of their own homes, they share a common building and other resources. Sharing major appliances like wa
29、shing machines, power tools and heavy exercise equipment forces you to interact with your neighbors while reducing resource use. In addition, it allows individual houses to be smaller, which, along with the clustered arrangement of homes, preserves land. People who own cars (some people share cars)
30、park them on the sides of the neighborhood to create a pedestrian friendly environment safe for children. Several times a week, residents may also eat a shared meal in the common building to strengthen ties. Cooking for many on one stove is much more energy efficient than cooking for 20 on separate
31、stoves. 2 What will happen in the middle of the 21st century, if we consume resources much faster than their replacement? （ A） We can have another planet called the Earth. （ B） We will use up resources on Earth. （ C） We will work out replaceable resources. （ D） We will migrate to another planet to l
32、ive. 3 In order to save resources, sustainable communities encourage people to _. （ A） use telecommuting methods to contact friends （ B） cook at home instead of outside to avoid air pollution （ C） integrate the function of working and living for their home （ D） forbid driving within the sustainable
33、communities 4 Green building techniques require _. （ A） architects to make full use of sunlight （ B） people to avoid using electrical appliances （ C） architects to employ local labors （ D） businessmen to resist poisonous building materials 5 How is sustainable public space developed in Serenbe? （ A）
34、 People plant trees and make water flow in that space. （ B） Citizens can grow trees freely in the space. （ C） Concrete walls are made outside the place for a protection. （ D） Natural things in that space develop without human disturbance. 6 In sustainable communities, rainwater is regarded as _. （ A
35、） a replacement for drinking water （ B） a fertilizer to enrich soil （ C） renewable resources （ D） a waste product 7 In what way is Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage radical in its development? （ A） Its the first ecovillage to establish the community website. （ B） The village wants to be independent by circu
36、lating its own currency. （ C） The village allows as more as I 000 residents to live there. （ D） The village tends to be self-reliant by creating all it needs. 8 How many residents are living in Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage now? （ A） About half a hundred. （ B） About one hundred. （ C） About five hundred.
37、 （ D） About one thousand. 9 LAEVs location near downtown offers it both convenient transportation and _. 10 Residents of Old Order Amish communities began unconsciously to practise sustainable living from _. 11 By sharing important appliances with neighbors, you can communicate with them as well as
38、_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a paus
39、e. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） She ordered it through the mail. （ B） A male student gave it to her as a birthday present. （ C） It was a present from her parents. （ D） She got it while visiting her parents. （ A） Put
40、some money in her wallet. （ B） Buy a band-concert ticket. （ C） Make a donation. （ D） Lend the man some money. （ A） He felt sick when he saw the alteration. （ B） He thinks the woman is being mean. （ C） He expected his suit to be ready. （ D） He backed up into another car. （ A） The organization of a co
41、nference. （ B） The cost of renting a conference room. （ C） The decoration of the conference room. （ D） The job of cleaning up the dining-room. （ A） Because he wanted to meet the womans parents. （ B） Because he goes to a beach house each August. （ C） Because he wont be able to take a vacation. （ D） B
42、ecause he didnt know the womans plan. （ A） I million. （ B） 1/4 million. （ C） 1/2 million. （ D） 2 million. （ A） She will reach the restaurant ten minutes late. （ B） She has ten minutes to reach the restaurant. （ C） He thinks he can reach the restaurant in ten minutes. （ D） He thinks he cant arrive at
43、 the restaurant very soon. （ A） Because the plane turns sharply. （ B） Because it is 22 miles. （ C） Because there are no signs. （ D） Because of driving conditions. （ A） At a dentist office. （ B） In a school. （ C） In an ambulance. （ D） At a hospital. （ A） Doctors in hospital. （ B） Nurses in hospital.
44、（ C） Patients in hospital. （ D） Hospital administrators. （ A） Because they dont get much practice with them. （ B） Because they often use them in their work. （ C） Because they have to pass a test. （ D） Because they plan to become doctors. （ A） A new fuel for buses. （ B） The causes of air pollution. （
45、 C） Careers in environmental engineering. （ D） A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses. （ A） Her car is being repaired. （ B） Parking is difficult in the city. （ C） The cost of fuel has increased. （ D） She wants to help reduce pollution. （ A） A fuel that burns cleanly. （ B） An oil additive that hel
46、ps cool engines. （ C） A material from which filters are made. （ D） An insulating material sprayed on engine parts. （ A） The high temperatures required for its use. （ B） The lack of trained environmental engineers. （ C） The opposition of automobile manufacturers. （ D） The high cost of materials used
47、in its production. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,
48、B, C and D. （ A） It is an ability both man and animals possess. （ B） It is the reason for mans superiority over animals. （ C） It is the reason for mans success as a species. （ D） It is a proof of our superior intelligence. （ A） To show how dependent men axe on a particular food. （ B） To show how pri
49、mitive the diet of some people is. （ C） To show what different foods are eaten. （ D） To show-the adaptability of man as regards his diet. （ A） A very popular food plant. （ B） A plant with limited uses. （ C） A food plant which has been used. （ D） A plant used as a main food. （ A） They often ride a motorcycle. （ B） They used to ride a home. （ C） They work in the mountains of Canada. （ D） They ride a horse nowadays. （ A） They have great power. （ B） They have very diversified re
