1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 144及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1. 目前社会上存在着迷信文凭的现象 2. 造成这一现象的原因 3. 我对此的观点 Is a Diploma Everything? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions at
2、tached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Economizing of the Poor Co
3、mprehending Economizing of the Poor Walking down the aisles of a supermarket, low-income shoppers must consider a number of factors including quantity, price, quality and nutritional differences when selecting food products. Food-purchase decisions by the poor often entail balances among taste, pref
4、erence and quality factors either real or perceived to meet spending constraints. Within broad product categories such as cereal, cheese, meat and poultry, and fruits and vegetables, shoppers can choose among many substitutable products. Low-income shoppers can extend their food dollars in a number
5、of ways. They may shop in discount food stores; they may purchase and consume less food than higher-income shoppers; they may purchase low-priced (and possibly lower quality) food products; or they may rely on some combination of all three. A better understanding of how the poor economize in food sp
6、ending addresses important policy questions raised by researchers, nutrition educators, and food-assistance program managers. The Correlation between the Location and Price Whether the poor face significantly different food prices due to where they shop for food remains an unresolved empirical quest
7、ion. Extensive research over the years has tried to answer the question Do the poor pay less for food? The Economic Research Service (ERS) in 1997 received the results of studies comparing price differences in grocery stores across different income levels and combined these with current census data
8、on the distribution of low-income households by urbanization type. The ERS study concluded that, in general, the poor face higher prices due to their greater representation in urban and rural areas (as opposed to suburban areas), where food prices tend to be higher. Higher Prices but Less Spending B
9、ased on results from household surveys, ERS also found that despite facing higher prices, low-income shoppers spend less than higher-income shoppers for food purchased in food stores. Due to their level of aggregation and lack of in-store sales and promotion information, such surveys shed little lig
10、ht on the economizing practices of households. To learn more about how low-income shoppers spend less for food despite facing higher prices, we obtained food-store purchase data that incorporate per-capita quantity and expenditure-measure equivalents (household measures adjusted for household size)
11、across income levels. The Main Economizing Practices The resulting comparisons describe how individuals with different levels of income vary in their food-spending patterns. By using actual transaction data, detailed information about the product purchased (for example, price, product description, p
12、ackage size, and brand name) as well as the condition of purchase (promotion, coupon, or sale item) was obtained. From these, the average unit cost (per ounce, per pound) for each item was calculated. Low-income shoppers may use four primary economizing practices to reduce their food spending. First
13、, they may purchase a greater proportion of discounted products. Second, they may purchase more private-label products (generic or store brand) versus brand products than higher-income shoppers buy. Third, they may take advantage of volume discounts by purchasing larger package sizes. Fourth, they m
14、ay purchase a less-expensive food product within a product class. Although quality differences such as freshness, convenience and taste often contribute to prices differences, differences in nutritional quality are also evident. More Spending on Promotional Items The use of promotions is measured by
15、 comparing the percentage of expenditures and quantities of each product purchased on promotion (manufacturers coupons, store coupons, store sales, and other promotions). For random-weight cheese, fruit, vegetables and meat in 1998, low-income households (less than 25,000 per year) spent a greater s
16、hare of expenditures for products on promotion than other households. (This is also true for quantities purchased on promotion.) For poultry, however, middle-income households spent about the same percentage on promotion as low-income households (36% versus 35%, respectively). For both groups, spend
17、ing for promotion items was at least five percentage points more than spending by the high-income group. Among fixed-weight products, promotion-spending patterns differed. Low-income shoppers purchased the lowest share of total ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal on promotion. This result may be explained by
18、other economizing practices in this product category such as purchasing a larger percentage of private-label products, which are on promotion less often, but have lower non-sale prices than the brand-name alternatives. Low-income households spent 11.5% of their RTE cereal expenditures on private-lab
19、el cereals, while the higher-income households spent lower shares, with those shares decreasing with increasing income levels. A similar pattern is found for the quantities of private-label RTE cereal purchased. Choice of Package Size Choice of package size also enables those in low-income household
20、s to economize by purchasing larger packages, which often have lower per-unit prices than smaller packages. However, data on expenditure shares for RTE cereal and packaged cheese show that low-income households purchases of large packages of RTE cereal were less than such purchases by other househol
21、ds in 1998. In 1998, households earning 50,000 or more spent 23.1% of cereal purchases on large packages, compared with 15.8% by the low-income group. A similar pattern was found for fixed-weight cheese products. In fact, low-income households had the lowest proportion of large-package purchase of a
22、ll income groups. This behavior has three possible explanations: Low-income shoppers do not have access to stores that sell large packages; they cannot afford to store staple products, and they perceive that the cost of storing large packages is higher than the savings from the volume discount. A co
23、mbination of these constraints likely accounts for much of the observed difference in package size quantities purchased and expenditures on those packages by the different income groups. Low-income shoppers may also be economizing by purchasing a less costly combination of fruit and vegetable produc
24、t types. On average, low-income households paid 11.5% less per pound for vegetables than high-income households, and 9.6% less per pound for fruit. This price measurement is a function of the quality and expenditures that each household type devotes to fruits and vegetables. Overall, low-income hous
25、eholds purchased 3.3% less fruits and vegetables (by weight) per person than high-income households, but they paid 13% less. This implies that these households are choosing less expensive fruits and vegetables, which saves a lot for them. (1,005 words) 2 The surveys of ERS help low-income households
26、 develop economizing practices. 3 Promotions are usually used to attract low-income shoppers. 4 Brand-name products are promoted more frequently. 5 Large-package purchase can benefit low-income households in theory, but it seldom works in reality. 6 In order to meet _ , low-income shoppers must cons
27、ider a lot of factors when selecting food products. 7 Comparing the results of household surveys, we can conclude that people with different levels of income have different _ . 8 The nutritional quality of food product varies in accordance with _ . 9 Higher-income households purchased less _ RTE cer
28、eal than low-income house-holds. 10 There are three possible explanations for the contradiction of the assumption of large-package purchase: transportation, _ limitations. 11 Low-income shoppers may gain _ on fruit and vegetable products. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short
29、conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B,
30、 C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） At a drug store. （ B） At a hospital. （ C） At a doctors office. （ D） At a dentists office. （ A） Preparing for bed. （ B） Walking toward the campus. （ C） Looking for a place to live. （ D） Inviting some friends to visit. （ A） He always eats more than h
31、e can chew. （ B） He eats while studying and working. （ C） He got sick because he ate too much. （ D） Bob is trying to study and work too much. （ A） The old houses should be turned into stores. （ B） The city needs even more modernization. （ C） This shopping center is quite old. （ D） New shopping cente
32、rs are very common. （ A） They have a lot in common. （ B） They havent seen each other for a long time. （ C） They are enjoying seeing each other again. （ D） They often visit each other and talk for a long time. （ A） It is in the center of the campus. （ B） It should have a map of the city. （ C） It has
33、information about summer camps. （ D） It probably has a campus map. （ A） To take some more vegetables. （ B） To avoid taking any more food. （ C） To pass the woman the meat. （ D） To help to prepare the potatoes. （ A） Someone hired by the auto club. （ B） He repaired it himself. （ C） A private mechanic h
34、e phoned. （ D） A passing police patrol car. （ A） He is charged with drunken-driving. （ B） He is caught running over a child. （ C） He is caught using a defective speedometer. （ D） He is stopped dancing go-go in the street. （ A） He had some drink at home. （ B） He had some drink at bar. （ C） He behaved
35、 rudely. （ D） He took a breathalyzer test. （ A） In a police station. （ B） By the roadside. （ C） In the prison. （ D） In a law court. （ A） A new fuel for buses. （ B） The causes of air pollution. （ C） Careers in environmental engineering. （ D） A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses. （ A） Her car is
36、being repaired. （ B） Parking is difficult in the city. （ C） The cost of fuel has increased. （ D） She wants to help reduce pollution. （ A） A fuel that burns cleanly. （ B） An oil additive that helps cool engines. （ C） A material from which filters are made. （ D） An insulating material sprayed on engin
37、e parts. （ A） The high temperatures required for its use. （ B） The lack of trained environmental engineers. （ C） The opposition of automobile manufacturers. （ D） The high cost of materials used in its production. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of ea
38、ch passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） In Missouri. （ B） In Chicago. （ C） In New York. （ D） In St. Louis and Chicago. （ A） An ai
39、r-hostess. （ B） A physics scientist. （ C） A chef in a French restaurant. （ D） A typist in a large company. （ A） She had three brothers. （ B） She was the first leader of the womens liberation movement in America. （ C） She did a lot of writing in support of equal rights for women. （ D） She came to be
40、aware of the inequality before studying in college. （ A） Careerists spend more time and energy on their jobs. （ B） Careerists dont like their jobs. （ C） Workaholics have different reasons for their work pattern. （ D） Workaholics are more successful than careerists. （ A） Work itself. （ B） Career adva
41、ncement. （ C） The symbols of success. （ D） Social identity. （ A） To help careerists and workaholics move to comprehensive development. （ B） To urge careerists and workaholics to work harder. （ C） To combine careerists and workaholics work together. （ D） To alarm careerists and workaholics. （ A） From
42、 the Federal government. （ B） From the state legislatures. （ C） From taxes. （ D） From the parents of the school children. （ A） The Federal government. （ B） Individual schools. （ C） Respective states. （ D） Local communities. （ A） The percentage is high. （ B） The percentage is low. （ C） The amount of
43、the population is not so low. （ D） It is not mentioned in the passage. （ A） Their own earnings from part-time work. （ B） Scholarships from schools, the government, or private foundations. （ C） Taxes. （ D） Funds provided by states and cities. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a pas
44、sage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you
45、 are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 37 Interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by personnel shortages that are causing companies to search 【 B1】 their home
46、 borders for talent. Professionals seek career experience outside their home countries for a variety of reasons. They may feel the need to 【 B2】 their batteries with a new 【 B3】 . They may want a position with more responsibility that encourages 【 B4】 and initiative. Or they may wish to expose their
47、 children to another culture, and the 【 B5】 to learn a second language. When applying for a job, one usually has to 【 B6】 a resume or curriculum vitae(CV). The two terms generally mean the same thing: a one or two-page document describing ones 【 B7】 qualifications and professional experience. Howeve
48、r, guidelines for preparing a resume are 【 B8】 changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the corporate culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. 【 B9】 Educational requirements differ from country to country. As a result, you
49、should consider this kind of situation seriously, or you wont get the job which you probably want. You cant be too careful. You should prepare and you will achieve your goal. 【 B10】 . Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience. Make sure that the reader can get an image of you after reading your description. It wont be easy if you dont try hard enough. 【 B11】 , because there are variations between the two versions. A reader who is unfamiliar with these v
