1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 182及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are graduating from the university this summer and you are going to apply for a job. You should write no less than 150 words and you should base your composition
2、 on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 假设你是一位即将毕业于复旦大学电子计算机系的学生，你从报纸上看到某公司招聘一名电子计算机工程技术口译人员的广告，请你写一封求职信说明你应聘的理由。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attach
3、ed to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Calories For years now, calori
4、es have been all the rage- people are counting them and cutting them, and youd be hard-pressed to find something at the supermarket that does not list its calories per serving somewhere on the package. But have you ever wondered what exactly a calorie is? What Is A Calorie? A calorie is a unit of en
5、ergy. We tend to associate calories with food, but they apply to anything containing energy. For example, a gallon (about 4 liters) of gasoline contains about 31,000,000 calories. Specifically, a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree
6、Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit). One calorie is equal to 4. 184 joules ( 焦耳 ), a common unit of energy used in the physical sciences, Most of us think of calories in relation to food, as in “This can of soda has 200 calories.“ It turns out that the calories on a food package are actually kilocalori
7、es (1,000 calories= 1 kilocalorie). The word is sometimes capitalized to show the difference, but usually not. A food calorie contains 4,184 joules. A can of soda containing 200 food calories contains 200,000 regular calories, or 200 kilocalories. A gallon of gasoline contains 31,000 kilocalories. T
8、he same applies to exercise - when a fitness chart says you burn about 100 calories for every mile you jog, it means 100 kilocalories. For the duration of this article, when we say “calorie“, we mean “kilocalorie“. What Calories Do? Human beings need energy to survive - to breathe, move, pump blood
9、- and they acquire this energy from food. The number of calories in a food is a measure of how much potential energy that food possesses. A gram of carbohydrates(碳水化合物 ) has 4 calories, a gram of protein has 4 calories, and a gram of fat has 9 calories. Foods are a compilation of these three buildin
10、g blocks. So if you know how many carbohydrates, fats and proteins are in any given food, you know how many calories, or how much energy, that food contains. If we look at the nutritional label on the back of a packet of maple-and-brown-sugar oatmeal, we find that it has 160 calories. This means tha
11、t if we were to pour this oatmeal into a dish, set the oatmeal on fire and get it to burn completely (which is actually pretty tricky), the reaction would produce 160 kilocalories (remember: food calories are kilocalories) - enough energy to raise the temperature of 160 kilograms of water 1 degree C
12、elsius. If we look closer at the nutritional label, we see that our oatmeal has 2 grams of fat, 4 grams of protein and 32 grams of carbohydrates, producing a total of 162 calories (apparently, food manufacturers like to round down). Of these 162 calories, 18 come from fat (9 calx2 g), 16 come from p
13、rotein (4 cal4g) and 128 come from carbohydrates (4 cal32g). Our bodies “burn“ the calories in the oatmeal through metabolic (新陈代谢的 ) processes, by which enzymes(酵素 ) break the carbohydrates into glucose( 葡萄糖 ) and other sugars, the fats into glycerol (丙三醇 ) and fatty acids and the proteins into ami
14、no acids(氨基酸 ). These molecules are then transported through the bloodstream to the cells, where they are either absorbed for immediate use or sent on to the final stage of metabolism in which they are reacted with oxygen to release their stored energy. Your Caloric Needs Just how many calories do o
15、ur cells need to function well? The number is different for every person. You may notice on the nutritional labels of the foods you buy that the “percent daily values“ are based on a 2,000 calorie diet. 2,000 calories is a rough average of what a person needs to eat in a day, but your body might nee
16、d more or less than 2,000 calories. Height, weight, gender, age and activity level all affect your caloric needs. There are several factors that regulate how many calories we need each day. Some of these considerations are your metabolic rate (新陈代谢率 ), physical activity level and thermic (热的 ) effec
17、t of food, sleep patterns, age, gender, body mass and body size. To determine your caloric intake value for building mass, multiply your body weight by 24, while multiplying your body weight by 17 to determine your approximate maintenance level caloric intake. The main function of carbohydrates is t
18、o be a source of energy for the body. In the end, energy drawn from the breakdown of glucose and glycogen (肝糖 ) is used to fuel muscular contractions as well as provide a “protein sparing“ effect. Unlike the other macro-nutrients, proteins contain nitrogen (氮 ) which is important in the formation of
19、 new muscle tissue. The human body requires 22 different amino acids, which are found in protein, and can be classified as either essential or non-essential. Essential amino acids cant be synthesized in the body, while non-essential amino acids can be. Under normal conditions, protein serves an impo
20、rtant role in the maintenance, repair, and growth of body tissues. Proteins make up about 15% of your total body mass and have several roles in the body. Proteins also regulate the acid/base quality of body fluids and are necessary for muscle contractions, hormone production, and the activation of m
21、etabolic processes. In the human body, fat provides the largest store of potential energy, produces hormones, strengthens cell structures, transmits nerve impulses and provides insulation (绝热 ) from cold environments. Fats actually contribute to about 50 % of the energy required during light and mod
22、erate exercise, and this percentage rises as the work period is prolonged. Calories, Fat and Exercise So what happens if you take in more or fewer calories than your body burns? You either gain or lose fat, respectively. An accumulation of 3,500 extra calories is stored by your body as 1 pound of fa
23、t - fat is the bodys way of saving energy for a rainy day. If, on the other hand, you bum 3,500 more calories than you eat, whether by exercising more or eating less, your body converts 1 pound of its stored fat into energy to make up for the deficit. One thing about exercise is that it raises your
24、metabolic rate not only while youre huffing and puffing(忙得喘不过气来 ) on the treadmill (踏车 ). Your metabolism takes a while to return to its normal pace. It continues to function at a higher level; your body hums an increased number of calories for about two hours after youve stopped exercising. Lots of
25、 people wonder if it matters where their calories come from. At its most basic, if we eat exactly the number of calories that we burn and if were only talking about weight, the answer is no- a calorie is a calorie. A protein calorie is not different from a fat calorie - they are simply units of ener
26、gy. As long as you burn what you eat, you will maintain your weight; and as long as you burn more than you eat, youll lose weight. But if were talking nutrition, it definitely matters where those calories originate. Carbohydrates and proteins are healthier sources of calories than fats. Although our
27、 bodies do need a certain amount of fat to function properly - an adequate supply of fat allows your body to absorb the vitamins you ingest - an excess of fat can have serious health consequences. 2 This passage is mainly about how to solve obesity. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 A calorie is a unit of ene
28、rgy associated with anything containing energy. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 1 calories on a food package equals to 1 kilocalorie. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 We need to eat more fat, because a gram of fat contains more calories than a gram of protein. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 A person might need a _ amount o
29、f 2,000 calories to maintain a healthy condition. 7 Your calorie intake for building mess is determined by _. 8 In protein there are 22 amino acids, among which non-essential amino acids can be _ in the body. 9 To save energy for an unexpected situation, your body stores an accumulation of _. 10 Cal
30、ories _ will not stop immediately when your exercise is over. 11 The _of those calories is of significance when nutrition is taken into consideration. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more que
31、stions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Playing the piano. （ B） Typing. （ C）
32、 Making a photocopy. （ D） Taking a picture. （ A） Students with a library card can check any book out. （ B） Reference books are not allowed to be checked out. （ C） Only students with a library card can check out reference books. （ D） The number of books a student can check out it unlimited. （ A） Fift
33、y students. （ B） Forty students. （ C） Twenty-five students. （ D） Fifteen students. （ A） It was interesting. （ B） It was funny. （ C） It was boring. （ D） It was terrible. （ A） Boss-Secretary. （ B） Client-Lawyer. （ C） Student-Teacher. （ D） Patient-Nurse. （ A） Hes unable to appear in court. （ B） He wish
34、es he could be a better student. （ C） He plays tennis better than she does. （ D） Hes not so enthusiastic about academics. （ A） Tom is unable to hear well. （ B） Tom didnt say anything at the meeting. （ C） Tom doesnt listen to him. （ D） Tom went out before the meeting was over. （ A） To cancel his trip
35、. （ B） To catch a later flight. （ C） To go to bed early. （ D） To ask for a wake-up call. （ A） He drives too fast. （ B） He plays his guitar too loudly. （ C） His radio wakes her children up. （ D） His friends are too noisy. （ A） At midnight. （ B） In the morning. （ C） When the car is turned off. （ D） Wh
36、en the neighbors son leaves for work. （ A） Nancy should call the neighbors to complain. （ B） Nancy should introduce her children to the neighbors. （ C） Nancy should ask the neighbors son to babyish. （ D） Nancy should bring the neighbors a gift. （ A） How New York became the largest city in the Unite
37、States. （ B） How the Eric Canal is built. （ C） Why New York has attracted so many people from the world. （ D） Their tour in New York. （ A） They are tour guides. （ B） They are salespersons. （ C） They are tourists. （ D） They are engineers. （ A） The river. （ B） The Eric Canal. （ C） Its location. （ D） I
38、ts population. （ A） In 1832. （ B） In 1823. （ C） In 1812. （ D） In 1823. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must cho
39、ose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） How to interpret what people say. （ B） What to do when you listen to others talking. （ C） How to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people. （ D） Why we go wrong with people sometimes. （ A） Because we fail to listen carefully
40、when they talk. （ B） Because people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say. （ C） Because people usually state one thing but means another. （ D） Because we tend to doubt what our friends say. （ A） Notice the way the person is talking. （ B） Take a good look at the person talking. （ C） Mind his
41、 tone, his posture and the look in his eyes. （ D） Examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture. （ A） Their term. （ B） Their duties. （ C） Their function. （ D） Their composition. （ A） The senate in Britain is older. （ B） There are more senate members. （ C） The
42、 senate in US is more practical. （ D） The senate in Britain is not elected. （ A） Every 2 years. （ B） Whenever one dies or must resign. （ C） Every 6 years. （ D） Every 4 years like the president. （ A） To define what the poverty line is. （ B） To explain why some people live the poverty line. （ C） To fi
43、nd solutions to the problem of poverty. （ D） To show sympathy for those poor people. （ A） Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life. （ B） Poor people are those who live below the poverty line. （ C） The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises. （ D） The poverty line tends to be
44、at the same level. （ A） Because they do not have enough motivation. （ B） Because they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work. （ C） Because they fail to get enough education. （ D） Because they are very poor in health. （ A） Because they do not have any motivation to work. （ B） Because
45、they are not very self-confident. （ C） Because they are too young or too old to work. （ D） Because they have physical and family problems. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its gene
46、ral idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words
47、you have just heard or write down the 36 In addition to exercising regularly, eating a good breakfast is considered by many health experts to be a【 B1】 _ . part of a successful way of reduction plan. After a night of【 B2】 _ .the body needs to be replenished with nutrient in order to maintain a high
48、level of energy【 B3】 _ . Several nutritionists suggest that dieters should【 B4】 _ .to one-third of their daily calories at breakfast time. These calories should be in the form of balanced meal of【 B5】 _ food. A balanced meal consists of five key elements: Proteins, Carbohy-drams, fats, vitamins and【
49、 B6】_ , people who re dieting need a variety of foods to assure a【 B7】 _ .supply of nutrients their bodies need. If a well-balanced diet is not followed, the【 B8】_ .may become sleepy, nervous, or【 B9】 _ . If a poor diet is【 B10】 _ .for a long period of time, the dieters may become vitamin deficient. Vitamin deficiency can cause serious health problems. For these reasons, many doctors【 B11】 _
