1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 191及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Traveling. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline give below: 1. 1.许多人喜欢旅游，不同的旅游者有不同的感受。 2.我喜欢 /不喜欢旅游，
2、是因为 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the
3、 passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Air Pollution When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFCs, and other forms of outdoor air pollution.
4、But did you know that air pollution also can exist inside homes and other buildings? It can, and every year, the health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. A great deal of research on pollution is being conducted at laboratories and universities. Th
5、e goals of the research are to find solutions and to educate the public about the problem. Two places where this type of work is being done are LBNL and the University of California, Berkeley. Lets take a closer look at the various types of air pollution, the effects that they have on people, and wh
6、at is being (or not being) done to correct the problem. What is Air Pollution? Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气 ), oxygen, water vapor a
7、nd inert(惰性的 ) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effe
8、ct, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒 ) into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟 ) is a good example of this
9、 particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in th
10、e air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭 ) in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟 ) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemica
11、l vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the Unit
12、ed States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical
13、 reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and i
14、ts effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in southern California. For each city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this d
15、oes not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature inversion occurs when air close to the earth is cooler than the air above it. Under these conditions the pollution cannot rise and be dispersed. Cities surrounded by mountains also experience trapping of pollution. Inve
16、rsion can happen in any season. Winter inversions are likely to cause particulate and carbon monoxide pollution. Summer inversions are more likely to create smog. Another consequence of outdoor air pollution is acid rain. When a pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with droplets of water in the
17、 air, the water (or snow) can become acidified. The effects of acid rain on the environment can be very serious. It damages plants by destroying their leaves, it poisons the soil, and it changes the chemistry of lakes and streams. Damage due to acid rain kills trees and harms animals, fish, and othe
18、r wildlife. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and Environment Canada are among the organizations that are actively studying the acid rain problem. The Greenhouse Effect, also referred to as global warming, is generally believed to come from the buildup of
19、carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are burned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the worlds plants can process. The situation is made worse since many of the earths forests are
20、 being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain. Thus, the amount of carbon dioxide in the air is continuing to increase. This buildup acts like a blanket and traps heat close to the surface of our earth. Changes of even a few degrees will affect us all through changes in the climate an
21、d even the possibility that the polar ice caps may melt. (One of the consequences of polar ice cap melting would be a rise in global sea level, resulting in widespread coastal flooding.) Ozone depletion is another result of pollution. Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere, one
22、 of the atmospheric layers surrounding earth. The ozone layer in the stratosphere protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from aerosol cans, cooling systems and refrigerator equipment removes some of the ozone, causing “holes“, to ope
23、n up in this layer and allowing the radiation to reach the earth. Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on plants and wildlife. Additional resources and information about the ozone depletion problem are available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini
24、stration (NOAA). Indoor Air Pollution Many people spend large portion of time indoors - as much as 80-90% of their lives. We work, study, eat, drink and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. For these reasons, some experts feel that more people suffer from the effec
25、ts of indoor air pollution than outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indoor air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials, paints, furniture, etc. cause pollution inside buildings. Radon is a natural radioactive gas re/eased from the earth,
26、and it can be found concentrated in basements in some parts of the United States. Pollution exposure at home and work is often greater than outdoors. The California Air Resources Board estimates that indoor air pollutant levels are 25-62% greater than outside levels and can pose serious health probl
27、ems. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer mo
28、re from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. The extent to which an individual is harmed by air pollution usually depends on the total exposure to the damaging chemicals, i.e., the duration of
29、exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. Research into the health effects of air pollution is ongoing. Medical conditions arising from air pollution can be very expensive. Healthcare costs, lost productivity in the workplace, and human welfare impacts cost billions
30、 of dollars each year. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human life. Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universiti
31、es teach students, beginning at very young ages, about the effects of air pollution 2 Main types of pollution include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Nitrogen is one of noxious gases. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 In the United States, people
32、 usually spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Smog is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The Greenhouse Effect is generally believed to come
33、 from the _in the atmosphere. 7 The water (or snow) can become acidified when a pollutant combines with_ in the air. 8 Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on_. 9 _is called “black carbon“ pollution. 10 A temperature inversion occurs when_. 11 The ozone layer
34、in the stratosphere_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question t
35、here will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Their parents cut back loan. （ B） The woman doesnt want Frank to take another English course. （ C） They cant pay the rent this month. （ D） The womans boss refused to
36、 give her a raise. （ A） Ask Dr. Smith to alter his decision. （ B） Ask Dr. Smith to call the library. （ C） Get the book directly from Dr. Smith. （ D） Get Dr. Smiths written permission. （ A） 120. （ B） 108. （ C） 90. （ D） 40. （ A） He feels unsympathetic. （ B） He feels its a pity. （ C） He feels its unfai
37、r. （ D） He feels glad. （ A） Doing business. （ B） Taking pictures. （ C） Buying cameras. （ D） Making movies. （ A） Looking for an apartment. （ B） Looking for a job. （ C） Taking a suburban excursion. （ D） Asking the man for his opinions. （ A） Shell go to her uncles. （ B） She has an appointment with her
38、friend. （ C） Shell attend a meeting. （ D） Shell have a visitor. （ A） He made a sudden mm. （ B） He drove the bus over a bicycle. （ C） He tried to avoid hitting the truck. （ D） He was driving too fast. （ A） The presence of life-forms far below the Earths surface. （ B） The risk of infection from rare s
39、trains of bacteria. （ C） Fictional representations of a hidden underground world. （ D） The reliability of evidence collected by new drilling methods. （ A） Its texture. （ B） lts size. （ C） Its preservation. （ D） Its shape. （ A） The bacteria would be killed by the human immune system. （ B） The bacteri
40、a would die if brought to the surface. （ C） Many antidotes and remedies are available. （ D） Drilling operations are always closely monitored. （ A） The Englishmens habits. （ B） The Englishmens accent. （ C） The Englishmens character. （ D） The Englishmens teaching styles, （ A） Receptive. （ B） Just. （ C
41、） Impulsive. （ D） Trustful. （ A） France. （ B） Italy. （ C） Germany. （ D） Spain. （ A） Reading. （ B） Writing. （ C） Speaking. （ D） Listening. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question
42、s will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Working in a bank. （ B） Printing a book. （ C） Attending a night school. （ D） Growing beans for sale. （ A） Borrow a book from the library. （ B） Look after your child
43、ren. （ C） Drive to the seaside for a holiday. （ D） Dine at a restaurant. （ A） It tells you what to produce. （ B） It tells you how to grow tomatoes. （ C） It provides you with everything you need. （ D） It helps you save money. （ A） The political views and beliefs of office workers. （ B） The interperso
44、nal relationships within a company. （ C） The various qualities required for a successful career. （ D） The code of behavior for company staff. （ A） Be competent but avoid being too outstanding. （ B） Be competent and get along well with his colleagues. （ C） Be competent and be honest and loyal to his
45、company. （ D） Be competent and give his boss a good impression. （ A） They axe not good at manipulating colleagues. （ B） They feel that such behavior is unprincipled. （ C） They think the effort will get them nowhere. （ D） They believe that doing so is impractical. （ A） Because he was a cook at a coun
46、try-music club. （ B） Because he performed for guests while he worked as a cook. （ C） Because he often sang while cooking. （ D） Because he liked singing better than cooking. （ A） His brother. （ B） His manager. （ C） His father. （ D） A business woman. （ A） At a club. （ B） On a farm. （ C） At a construct
47、ion site. （ D） In a record company. （ A） His ability to live independently. （ B） His sense of responsibility in whatever he did. （ C） His courage in the face of rejections. （ D） His hard work in his early days. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the pass
48、age is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the mi
49、ssing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. To form sound conclusion, he must【 B1】 _ data both on resources of consumers and on the【 B2】 _ that tend to encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most- pe
