1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 192及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter of complaint to the consumersassociation of the city. You should write at least 150 words, and base your etter on the situation given below: 1. 你于 2006年 1月 1日在本市 XX商场买了部
2、XX牌手机。 2等回家后你发现这部手机里已经存贮了解一些陌生的电话号码。也就是说这部手机是被使用过的。当你返回该商场要求退货时，售货员不承认此手机是使用过的，也拒绝退货。 3要求市消费者协会对此事进行了调查，维护你的利益，并留下你的联系方式。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions a
3、ttached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Programming Languages Pro
4、gramming languages are how people talk to computers. The computer would be just as happy speaking any language that was unambiguous. The reason we have high level languages is because people cant deal with machine language. The point of programming languages is to prevent our poor frail human brains
5、 from being overwhelmed by a mass of detail. Architects know that some kinds of design problems are more personal than others. One of the cleanest, most abstract design problems is designing bridges. Them your job is largely a matter of spanning a given distance with the least material. The other en
6、d of the spectrum is designing chairs. Chair designers have to spend their time thinking about human bodies. Software varies in the same way. Designing algorithms (运算法则 ) for routing data through a network is a nice, abstract problem, like designing bridges. Whereas designing programming languages i
7、s like designing chairs: its all about dealing with human weaknesses. Most of us hate to acknowledge this. Designing systems of great mathematical elegance sounds a lot more appealing to most of us than pandering to human weaknesses. And there is a role for mathematical elegance: some kinds of elega
8、nce make programs easier to understand. But elegance is not an end in itself. And when I say languages have to be designed to suit human weaknesses, I dont mean that languages have to be designed for bad programmers. In fact I think you ought to design for the best programmers, but even the best pro
9、grammers have limitations. I dont think anyone would like programming in a language where all the variables were the letter x with integer subscripts. If you look at the history of programming languages, a lot of the best ones were languages designed for their own authors to use, and a lot of the wo
10、rst ones were designed for other people touse. When languages are designed for other people, its always a specific group of other people: people not as smart as the language designer. So you get a language that talks down to you. Cobol (计算机通用语言 ) is the most extreme case, but a lot of languages are
11、pervaded by this spirit. It has nothing to do with how abstract the language is. C is pretty low-level, but it was designed for its authors to use, and thats why hackers like it. The argument for designing languages for bad programmers is that there are more bad programmers than good programmers. Th
12、at may be so. But those few good programmers write a disproportionately large percentage of the software. Im interested in the question, how do you design a language that the very best hackers will like? I happen to think this is identical to the question, how do you design a good programming langua
13、ge? Give the Programmer as Much Control as Possible. Many languages (especially the ones designed for other people) have the attitude of a governess: they try to prevent you from doing things that they think arent good for you. I like the opposite approach: give the programmer as much control as you
14、 can. When I first learned Lisp (表处理语言 ), what I liked most about it was that it considered me an equal partner. In the other languages I had learned up till then, there was the language and there was my program, written in the language, and the two were very separate. But in Lisp file functions and
15、 macros I wrote were just like those that made up the language itself. I could rewrite the language if I wanted. It had the same appeal as open-source software. Aim for Brevity. Brevity is underestimated and even scorned. But if you look into the hearts of hackers, youll see that they really love it
16、. How many times have you heard hackers speak fondly of how in, say, APL, they could do amazing things with just a couple lines of code? I think anything that really smart people really love is worth paying attention to. I think almost anything you can do to make programs shorter is good. There shou
17、ld be lots of library functions; anything that can be implicit should be; the syntax (句法 ) should be simple; even the names of things should be short. And its not only programs that should be short. The manual should be thin as well. A good part of manuals (说明书 ) is taken up with clarifications and
18、reservations and warnings and special cases. If you force yourself to shorten the manual, in the best case you do it by fixing the things in the language that required so much explanation. Admit What Hacking Is. A lot of people wish that hacking was mathematics, or at least something like a natural
19、science. I think hacking is more like architecture. Architecture is related to physics, in the sense. that architects have to design buildings that dont fall down, but the actual goal of architects is to make great buildings, not to make discoveries about statistics. What hackers like to do is make
20、great programs. And I think, at least in our own minds, we have to remember that its an admirable thing to write great programs, even when this work doesnt translate easily into the conventional intellectual currency of research papers. Intellectually, it is just as worthwhile to design a language p
21、rogrammers will love as it is to design a horrible one that embodies some idea you can publish a paper about. How to Organize Big Libraries? Libraries are becoming an increasingly important component of programming languages. Theyre also getting bigger, and this can be dangerous. If it takes longer
22、to find the library function that will do t you want than it would take to write it yourself, then all that code is doing nothing but make your manual thick. So I think we will have to work on ways to organize libraries. The ideal would be to design them so that the programmer could guess what libra
23、ry call would do the right thing. Are People Really Scared of Prefix Syntax? This is an open problem in the sense that I have wondered about it for years and still dont know the answer. Prefix syntax seems perfectly natural to me, except possibly for math. But it could be that a lot of Lisps unpopul
24、arity is simply due to having an unfamiliar syntax. Whether to do anything about it, if it is true, is another question. What Do You Need for Server (服务器 )-Based Software? I think a lot of the most exciting new applications that get written in the next twenty years will be Web- based applications, m
25、eaning programs that sit on the server and talk to you through a Web browser. And to write these kinds of programs we may need some new things. One thing well need is support for the new way that server-based applications get released. Instead of having one or two big releases a year, like desktop s
26、oftware, server-based applications get released as a series of small changes. You may have as many as five or ten releases a day. And as a rule everyone will always use the latest version. You know how you can design programs to be debug gable (调试器 )? Well, server-based software likewise has to be d
27、esigned to be changeable. You have to be able to change it easily, or at least to know what is a small change and what is a momentous one. Another thing that might turn out to be useful for server based software, surprisingly, is continuations. In Web-based software you can use something like contin
28、uation- passing style to get the effect of subroutines in the inherently stateless world of a Web session. Maybe it would be worthwhile having actual continuations, if it was not too expensive. What New Abstractions Are Left to Discover? Im not sure how reasonable a hope this is, but one thing I wou
29、ld really love to do, personally, is discover a new abstraction-something that would make as much of a difference as having first class functions or recursion or even keyword parameters. This may be an impossible dream. These things dont get discovered that often. But I am always looking for. 2 Desi
30、gning algorithms (运算法则 ) for routing data through a network and designing bridges are both nice, abstract problems. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Since languages have to be designed to suit human weaknesses, it bas to be designed for bad programmers. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Architecture is related to phys
31、ics, so the actual goal of architects is to make discoveries about statistics. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Libraries are getting bigger and this can be dangerous for programming languages. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The point of programming languages is to prevent our poor frail human brains from_. 7 The a
32、rgument for designing languages for bad programmers is that_. 8 When I first learned Lisp (表处理语言 ), what I liked most about it was that it considered me_. 9 Hackers could do amazing things in APL with just_. 10 If you force yourself to shorten the manual, in the best case you do it by _that required
33、 so much explanation. 11 Web-based applications are programs that sit _and talk to you through a Web browser. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.
34、 Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） On Thursday night. （ B） On Monday night. （ C） On Friday morning. （ D） On Thur
35、sday morning. （ A） Try to help him from rooms in another hotel. （ B） Check to see if there are any vacancies in here hotel. （ C） Let him move to a room with two single beds. （ D） Show him the way Imperial Hotel. （ A） Robust. （ B） Brave. （ C） Generous. （ D） Dangerous. （ A） He loves his present job. （
36、 B） He is to open a store. （ C） He is about to retire. （ D） He works in a repair shop. （ A） She has confidence in him. （ B） She has also won a scholarship. （ C） She is surprised at the news. （ D） She is not interested in the news. （ A） His only son is dying. （ B） His mother died some time ago. （ C）
37、He didnt look after his sick wife. （ D） He hasnt taken good care of his son. （ A） At the airport. （ B） In a travel agency. （ C） In a hotel. （ D） At the reception desk. （ A） He is not equal to the job. （ B） He doesnt think the job is challenging enough. （ C） He is not well paid for his work. （ D） He
38、cannot keep his mind on his work. （ A） The man. （ B） The woman. （ C） They pay for their own dinner respectively, （ D） Someone else, （ A） Because it serves only a few specialties. （ B） Because its too crowded. （ C） Because its too costly. （ D） Because the service is too slow. （ A） There arent many va
39、rieties of food at lunch counters. （ B） Some school kids eat in school cafeterias. （ C） Workers go back home to have lunch. （ D） The woman likes American food. （ A） On television. （ B） At registration. （ C） In class. （ D） At work. （ A） Students are not required to attend regular class lectures. （ B）
40、 The professor videotapes class lectures for review. （ C） Classes are held at various locations throughout the area. （ D） Students receive credit for work experience. （ A） It allows them to meet students from other universities. （ B） It promotes the concept of self-learning. （ C） It allows more flex
41、ibility in students schedules. （ D） It doesnt require any examinations. （ A） Its a requirement for psychology majors. （ B） She wasnt able to get into the traditional course. （ C） She lives far from the university. （ D） She has to work a lot of hours this semester. Section B Directions: In this secti
42、on, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） How to handle spiders. （ B） Spiders i
43、n the United States. （ C） Peoples fear of spiders. （ D） A special kind of spider. （ A） Most spiders will not bite even when handled. （ B） Most spiders are poisonous and dangerous. （ C） Most spiders ate likely to attack people. （ D） Most spiders have sharp eyes. （ A） Because she cannot find a husband
44、 for herself. （ B） Because the female spider is larger than the male one. （ C） Because the female spider often eats her husband. （ D） Because she is a black female spider. （ A） Instructions. （ B） Medicine. （ C） Money. （ D） The draft of his speech. （ A） Because she had to type Mr. Bascombs speech. （
45、B） Because she had a headache. （ C） Because she had to meet some businessmen. （ D） Because she had to get her car fixed. （ A） The problems of the city. （ B） Himself and his problems. （ C） Things he had planned to say to his audience. （ D） The plan for his future work as a mayor. （ A） Because the bot
46、tle was empty and useless. （ B） Because he wanted to lighten the load of his small plane. （ C） Because the bottle might be useful to the native Africans. （ D） Because he wanted to amuse the local tribes people. （ A） A message from the outside world. （ B） A symbol of misfortune. （ C） A warning from t
47、he gods. （ D） A gift from the gods. （ A） The local Africans are peace-loving people. （ B） Soda bottles are very precious in some remote areas. （ C） A trivial thing may sometimes bring about undesirable consequences. （ D） Caution must be taken in introducing new technology. （ A） They thought that the
48、 gods were all crazy. （ B） They were isolated from the outside world. （ C） They enjoyed living in the peaceful desert. （ D） They worshipped the gods all the more after the incident. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first tim
49、e, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Although Beethoven could sit down and compose easily, his really great compositions did not come easi
