1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 241及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled To Work at Home? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. - 随着高科技的发展，越来越多的人选择在家工 作 - 选择在家工作的利与弊 - 结论 To Work at Home? 二、 Part II R
2、eading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for
3、 NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Let Chinas Retail Wars Begin Newly unfettered foreign chains could grab more of Chinas market. On a cold and windy Friday afternoon, Li Fang is rushing to get
4、some shopping done before the weekend begins. And the 30-year-old human resources manager knows exactly where she wants to go: the Carrefour hypermarket, a 10-minute bus ride from her apartment in north Beijing. its not the cheapest option, but the French-owned store has all the meat, vegetables and
5、 fruit she needs. “Carrefour offers high quality and a better variety of products compared to other supermarkets,“ she says. In recent years, major international chains like Carrefour SA of France and Wal-mart Stores, Inc. of the United States have expanded aggressively in China. Local Chinese retai
6、lers have loudly protested this and lobbied heavily for protection from the new competition in price and service that these major retailers have set off. Earlier drafts of the law had included a requirement for a system to rate and punish foreign retailers who had previously set up stores without ce
7、ntral government approval. Another proposal would have prohibited foreign retailers from opening stores in cities that havent drawn up detailed maps of planned retail sites, which would include many smaller cities. Many more Chinese will soon get a chance to sample the quality and variety at Carrefo
8、ur and other foreign-owned stores. In keeping with the conditions for Chinas membership in the World Trade Organization, Beijing on Dec. 11 lifted most restrictions on foreign retailers. Gone are limits on the number of stores, rules confining them to large cities, and regulations capping the foreig
9、ners stake in local ventures at 65%. China erected those hurdles to give its own companies a chance to copy the Wests big-store model and they have done so with great success. The top four retailers in the country are all run by the government or local entrepreneurs, led by a rapidly expanding chain
10、 called Shanghai Bailian. But the foreign companies are nipping at the locals heels, and they have big plans for expansion now that the barriers have been tom down. Pads-based Carrefour has some 240 stores in China, and plans to open as many as 150 more this year. Its 2003 sales of 1.8 billion make
11、it Chinas fifth-biggest retailer. China “is very important for our future,“ says Jean-Luc Chereau, executive manager of Carrefour China. PREMIUM ON CONVENIENCE Carrefour was quick to get into China and often pushed the regulatory envelope, bypassing Beijing and cutting deals with local governments.
12、Although that strategy got Carrefour into hot water at the time, the company has emerged as the undisputed leader. It has even bested its Bentonville (Ark.) rival, Wal-Mart Stores Inc., (WMT) which has 43 stores in 20 Chinese cities, and another 10 in the works this year. Germanys Metro is the No. 3
13、 foreign player, with 24 stores and another 40 within five years. All told, dozens of foreign companies have opened in the mainland. Why the rush? Over the past 20 years, retail sales in China have jumped nearly 15% annually, to some 628 billion in 2004 making it the third-largest market on earth. A
14、nd consumer expectations have shot up even faster. Just a decade ago most Chinese were content to line up in state-owned stores to buy whatever meager products were available, then shuffle off to outdoor markets for meat, eggs, and vegetables. Now both local chains and the multinationals are pushing
15、 out the stodgy old state retailers and mom-and-pop shops by building big, convenient stores in choice central locations in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. With the end of geographic restrictions, the battle for dominance will shift to smaller cities. The customers are a middle class that today to
16、tals at least 100 million. These shoppers like to buy clothes, TVs, and groceries at clean, modem outlets with a full range of products on hand. Surveys show that the top factors Chinese consider in deciding where to shop these days are convenience, followed by the spaciousness and comfort of stores
17、 and the selection they offer. Price ranks only sixth, according to researcher ACNielsen. Shopper Li would concur. One of the best features of the two-story Carrefour: Its easy to find what shes looking for. “The layout is perfect,“ she says. With the foreigners attacking their home turf, Chinese re
18、tailers are fighting back. Take China Resources Enterprise Ltd., which operates more than 1700 supermarkets and hypermarkets, including China Resources Vanguard stores. The retailer has trimmed its staff to boost profitability, and has sought to improve management by raiding the foreign chains. Toda
19、y nearly half of the middle and senior managers in CREs retail unit have worked at foreign-owned stores. Those foreign-trained managers have brought in marketing expertise. For instance, to build brand loyalty CRE rewards frequent shoppers with discounts, and the company has rolled out more than 60
20、private-label products, including bottled water, shampoo, and body lotion. And CRE is moving upscale. The company this year expects to open four “lifestyle“ stores offering higher-quality products. Plans call for an additional 20 such stores within three years. “We are targeting middle-class people
21、with money,“ says Jonathan Wang, chief operating officer of China Resources Vanguard. Theres consolidation sweeping the sector, too. Shanghai Bailian, which boasts nearly 5000 stores and 2003 sales of 5.86 billion, has won permission to take over four rivals. And CRE in December boosted its stake in
22、 Chinas 10th-largest retailer, Suguo Supermarket, to 85%. Beijings ultimate goal is to create a dozen or so big local players that will be strong enough to compete with the multinationals at home and expand overseas. “Chinas market should be mainly dominated by Chinese retailers,“ says Huang Guoxion
23、g, a professor of economics at Renmin University in Beijing. “It is not possible to allow foreign retailers to take the dominant position.“ CONCERNED OFFICIALS Theres little doubt that Chinese retailers and government officials are getting concerned about the growing foreign competition. Vice-Premie
24、r Wu Yi Beijings tough trade negotiator last year met with the heads of top retail companies to discuss strategy. Under Wus guidance, the Commerce Ministry is considering guidelines that would require cities to provide detailed blueprints for all retail expansion plans. Some fear that measure could
25、be used to brake the foreigners advance. Ultimately, the clash between locals and foreigners may be tempered by realities on the ground. While the locals need managerial talent, financing, and greater scale, the foreigners need help navigating Chinas vast retail market and even more so as they move
26、beyond the large coastal cities. That means that in spite of the newly relaxed rules on ownership, Wal-Mart, for one, will continue to work through joint ventures. “Our partners are knowledgeable about the business in China, and we learn from them,“ says Wal-Mart spokesman Bill Wertz. And foreign re
27、tailers that decide to go it alone may soon find themselves facing many of the same problems the locals have fickle customers with little brand loyalty and challenges of hiring decent. staff. Shopper Lis sole complaint about Carrefour: “I can never find employees when I need them.“ The stores, local
28、 or foreign, that get such issues right are the ones that will win the baffle for the wallets of Chinas consumers. 2 To get into China quickly, Carrefour took the strategy of bypassing Beijing and cutting deals with local governments, which brought it a lot of trouble. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 To pro
29、tect Chinese retailers against the growing foreign competition, the Chinese government still takes measures to limit the numbers of stores opened by foreign retailers in large cities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Surveys show that middle class customers will give first priority to the factors of comfort
30、of stores and selection of commodities they offer in deciding where to shop these days. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Chinese consumers in small cities can play a role in helping Chinese retailers compete against foreign retailers by refusing to buy the commodities offered by foreign retailers. （ A） Y （ B
31、） N （ C） NG 6 Carrefour has become Li Fangs first choice when she wants to get some shopping done because she enjoys the _, the high quality and the bigger variety of commodities. 7 Over the past 20 years, retail sales in China have increased nearly _ every year, to some 628 billion in 2004 making i
32、t the third-largest market on earth. 8 To compete with foreigners, Chinese retailers are taking measures to improve _ by cutting down on the number of their staff and to improve management by bringing in foreign experts. 9 _ is sweeping Chinese retailing business to cream big local retailers that wi
33、ll be strong enough to compete with the multinationals at home and expand overseas. 10 With major international chains like Carrefour and Wal-mart expanding aggressively in China, Chinese retailers and government officials are _ about the growing foreign competition. 11 The clash between locals and
34、foreigners may be softened by realities because the locals need to _ to improve their management, financing and greater scale while the foreigners need help navigating Chinas vast retail market. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At t
35、he end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answe
36、r. （ A） A pharmacist. （ B） A salesman. （ C） A librarian. （ D） A doctor. （ A） They spent 300 on their vacation. （ B） They drew more money than they have from the bank. （ C） They lost their bankbook. （ D） They had only 300 in the bank. （ A） Hurry to the conference. （ B） Skip the conference. （ C） Take
37、the subway. （ D） Take a bus. （ A） She doesnt say. （ B） Some cigarettes. （ C） Some colorful dresses. （ D） White shirts. （ A） Children learn by example. （ B） Children must not tell lies. （ C） Children dont like discipline. （ D） Children must control their temper. （ A） A driving test. （ B） A traffic ac
38、cident. （ C） A police movie. （ D） The best way to make signals. （ A） Because she is so young. （ B） Because the man didnt understand it either. （ C） Because she doesnt have a good knowledge of English. （ D） Because the novel is too difficult to understand. （ A） Poland in 1840. （ B） An election. （ C）
39、A military contest. （ D） A quarrel between Dewey and Truman. （ A） In the student recreation center. （ B） In the campus dining hall. （ C） In the university bookstore. （ D） In a classroom. （ A） Watch her partner playing the game. （ B） Play her cards in cooperation with her partner. （ C） Quit the game.
40、 （ D） Teach the man how to play bridge. （ A） He already knows how to play. （ B） He doesnt like playing games. （ C） He doesnt have a partner. （ D） He doesnt have enough free time. （ A） Membership in a co-op. （ B） The benefits of health food. （ C） Shopping in the supermarket. （ D） The current cost of
41、food. （ A） Lowering its prices. （ B） Selling more household necessities. （ C） Changing its membership rules. （ D） Opening up more checkout lines. （ A） Avoid junk food. （ B） Attend monthly meetings. （ C） Buy cleaning supplies at the co-op. （ D） Work at the co-op for an hour every week. （ A） To save m
42、oney on food. （ B） To buy food without additives. （ C） To do all his shopping in one place. （ D） To meet other health-conscious people. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions
43、will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Pre-law students. （ B） A group of students. （ C） The audience. （ D） The faculty. （ A） Typing skills. （ B） Experience in journalism. （ C） Being a qualified student. （
44、D） Lots of money. （ A） Two days later. （ B） In a couple of days. （ C） Immediately after the meeting. （ D） Tomorrow. （ A） To help mariners. （ B） To improve ship design and sailing methods. （ C） To study astronomy and mathematics. （ D） To improve his own skill as a sailor. （ A） To design vessels that
45、could make long ocean voyages. （ B） To design vessels that could travel faster than those in use at that time. （ C） To design vessels that could explore the coastline of Portugal. （ D） To design vessels that could carry larger crews and more cargo than existing ones. （ A） The First Modern Sailing Ve
46、ssels. （ B） Prince Henrys Sailing Vessels. （ C） Prince Henry the Navigator. （ D） The First School for Sailors. （ A） Content of dreams. （ B） It is in the heart of the city at 42nd Street and Sixth Avenue. （ C） It is in the heart of the city at 5nd Street and 42nd Avenue. （ D） It is in the heart of th
47、e city at 6nd Street and 42nd Avenue. （ A） The library is in the busiest part of the city. （ B） The library has grass and trees around it. （ C） The roof of the Main Reading Room is 41 feet high. （ D） Its rooms are very large. （ A） 13 million. （ B） 30 million. （ C） 14 million. （ D） 40 million. （ A） T
48、o have a rest. （ B） To raise more money. （ C） To have cleaning work. （ D） To save money. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second
49、time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The Pentagon is seeking congressional approval for development of a new weapon able to strike distant targets an hour after they are detected, a newspaper reported on Monday. Th
