1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 252及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: Nowadays people are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health. And they have different ways to stay healthy. For example, some exercise every day; others try to keep a balanced diet. What do you think is the best way to
2、stay healthy? Write a composition on the following topic: The Best Way to Keep Healthy. You are given the following outlines in Chinese and are required to write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly. 1. 解释题目，指出你对题目的理解； 2. 举例论证你的观点； 3. 总结全文，得出结论。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimmin
3、g and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contrad
4、icts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Twins The same factors that give rise to uncanny physical similarities between twins-similarities are mirrored in genetic similarities that can have more negative impact. Australian resear
5、cher David Hay has found that one type of identical twin seems to be plagued with developmental difficulties, especially in language acquisition, and that both parents and teachers add to these difficulties by responding more positively to the older of the two. Hay has found that just as many identi
6、cal twins are “mirror images“ of one another-with the facial structure, dominant hand and even fingerprints of one exactly reversed in the other-their brains also seem to reflect the same phenomenon. Questions about Identical Twins “It is almost impossible to find identical pairs (of twins with the
7、same brain structure),“ says Hay, who presented some of his findings on twins at the International Society for Twin Study Conference in Amsterdam in September. “There is generally no relationship between how their brains function; the twins work and think differently.“ “The left half of the brain co
8、ntrols language skills in one twin while in the other it is the right half,“ he continues. “So one twin may have difficulty in the reception of language and the other in communication.“ “We still have piles of questions about identical twins,“ he adds. Hay heads one of the worlds largest studies on
9、twins at LaTrobe University in Melbourne, and has studied 587 sets of twins and their siblings over the last 10 years. He has found that both genetic and social factors combine to put twins at a disadvantage, but that steps can be taken to set the youngsters on the path to normal development. The tw
10、ins who experience the bulk of the problems are the second of two types of identical twins, says Hay. The first type, comprising one-third of all identical twins, results when the fertilized egg splits three to four days after conception. These embryos have separate placentas. The second group forms
11、 when the egg divides four to eight days after conception. They share the same placenta, and are “mirror image“ twins in about 70 percent of the cases. This group is at the highest risk for a range of social and learning problems, as well as for congenital abnormalities such as spinal bifida and cle
12、ft palate. Hay points out that twins traditionally have been known to have difficulties acquiring language sills.“ Theyre older when they say their first word, their sentences are shorter and baby talk persists longer that it does with other children, he says. “They are also known to develop a secre
13、t language they use to communicate with one another.“ Hay has found that this exclusive language is usually the result of one twin omitting letters and syllables as he or she hurries to get a message across before the other one interrupts.“ In a sense their language is very adaptive to their own env
14、ironment, but unfortunately, maladaptive to other situations,“ he says. “Until recently it was believed language problems gradually diminished until around the time of starting school for all children. But now it appears that twins in particular develop a shaky foundation in this area that has to be
15、 corrected early.“ Problems with Twin Boys Hay has also found that “mirror image“ identical twin boys are especially at a loss in trying to pick up language skills in school. They are at a double disadvantage, he notes, because boys are normally slower at language acquisition than girls are. Accordi
16、ng to Hay, as many as 90 percent of the “mirror image“ boys at primary level had some reading problems while 23 percent were seriously learning-disabled. But environmental factors contribute even more heavily to twins troubles, Hay believes. Identical twins, his research shows, have cause to challen
17、ge their parents fairness. Parents tend to lavish more time and attention on the first-born twin, who is often easier to manage and healthier as a baby. As well, the first-born twin is often brought home from the hospital before the second twin, causing parents to “see the second child more negative
18、ly,“ says Hay. This distinction continues into primary school, where the first-born twin is seen as more dominant, independent and better-coordinated than the second. Problems with the Second-born Twins “Surprisingly, teachers confirm these observations without knowing the birth order of the twins,“
19、 says Hay. “When asked about the twins behavior, they reported a lot of problems with the second-born twins, saying they seemed withdrawn or depressed. “Parents should be aware of the way they can stereotype their children.“ he adds. The parents also have a role, as does the twins own relationship,
20、in exacerbating their language difficulties. First, says Hay, parents of twins tend to spend less time with their children individually, so they have less exposure to adult language than do other children. Because twins spend so much time with each other, they reinforce each others relatively undeve
21、loped language. Finally, twins have to compete with each other for adult attention creating the situation in which they finish each others sentences, and interrupt each other, further adding to their already poor language habits. From his findings, Hay has established some flexible guidelines for pa
22、rents of identical twins. One suggestion is for parents to send their twins to preschool centers on alternate days so that contact with other children will accelerate language development. The other twin will benefit from the individual attention of the parent or caretaker who has generally been too
23、 busy attending to the basic needs of two. Many American and European models favor separating twins regardless of the particular case. Hay firmly believes in an individualistic approach to this question, however, in which the nature of the teacher, parents and twins can all be taken into account. “I
24、d say our only set policy is that there is no set policy.“ Hays work is complemented in the United States by Ronald Wilsons Louisville Twin Study at the University of Kentucky. Wilson and other Louisville researchers have been focusing on the significance of twin temperament in child-rearing and dev
25、elopment and other factors in twin development for the past 27 years. Twins Temperament The Louisville researchers have examined a large number of twins from infancy to early childhood, weighing genetic against environmental influences on temperament. They have had difficulty; so far, learning much
26、about inborn contributors to temperament, at least as they show up in twins first nine months of life. Wilson has found that during those months, the babies moods and behavior were primarily affected by feeding and sleeping cycles, colic, fatigue and other normal aspects of infancy. However, after n
27、ine months, individual temperaments became more obvious as the babies schedules became established. Then Wilson began noticing distinct differences between babies who were easy-going and those who were testier and more irritable. Interestingly, while temperaments became relatively fixed in the twins
28、, the researchers also noticed that some identical twins underwent synchronized patterns of change in temperament. At times they shared similar periods of fussiness or amiability, and at others went through opposite ones, with one twin having a good-natured period and the other a cantankerous one. W
29、ilson notes that one cause for these curious patterns is a gene-action system seemingly preset to switch on and off at certain developmental phases in peoples lives. Another cause for such swings is the babys environment, which can make the crucial difference between a well-adjusted child and a diff
30、icult one. Twins, it seems, dont serve to put the nature/nurture question to rest so much as they serve to illustrate the subtle interplay between heredity and environment. The Other Twin Puzzles Hay, in the meantime, is continuing to explore as many sides of the twin puzzle as possible. One of the
31、more exotic studies hes undertaken involved a three-month stint to Antarctica in search of a rare freshwater worm. “The worm is able to regenerate itself from the left or right side of its body when cut in half,“ he says. “It is potentially a very good model for the development of mirror image twins
32、.“ Hay also sees a trend towards more identical twins in the future. More fraternal twins are born to older woman, but a higher incidence of identical twins has been linked to older women who also conceive shortly after they stop taking oral contraceptives. The pill is currently the most popular for
33、m of contraceptive for women who plan to still have children. 2 Research has shown that twins are more likely to have problems with language skills than single babies. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Identical twin girls are more likely than boys to have learning problems. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Hay found
34、that twins do better in singing than the single babies. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Hay found that parents of twins tend to favor the first-born baby, giving that twin more time and attention. Even when they start school, the first-born twin does better than the second-born. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Hay
35、sees a trend towards more fraternal twins born to older woman. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 7 Hay has found that both _ and social factors combine to put twins at a disadvantage. 8 Twins, those who share the same placenta, are more likely to have social and learning problems, as well as _. 9 From his findi
36、ngs, Hay has established some flexible guidelines for parents of identical twins. One suggestion is for parents to _ so that contact with other children will _ accelerate language development. 10 After nine months, individual temperaments became _ as the babies schedules became established. 11 He ex
37、pects an exotic study with freshwater worm from the Antarctic which can _ to yield results which will help to understand how mirror-image twins develop. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more q
38、uestions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） At a hotel. （ B） At a theatre. （ C
39、） At a cinema. （ D） At an airport. （ A） To a druggist. （ B） To a doctor. （ C） To a dentist. （ D） To his wife. （ A） Many people are fond of Sabrina. （ B） Sabrina doesnt like others to get to know her. （ C） Its difficult to get close to Sabrina. （ D） The woman is encouraging the man to get near to Sab
40、rina. （ A） We should spend our money wisely. （ B） We cannot live without money. （ C） We are not slaves of money. （ D） We should learn to save money. （ A） A disastrous car accident happened on the street. （ B） Nobody was injured in that car accident. （ C） Several people were killed in the car acciden
41、t. （ D） The driver himself got killed in the car accident. （ A） He teaches geography at the university. （ B） He is white-haired and in glasses. （ C） He likes to collect stones. （ D） He lives near to the university. （ A） He wins a gold medal. （ B） Hes brave. （ C） Hes kind-hearted. （ D） Hes honest. （
42、A） He needed Miss Jones to act as his secretary. （ B） He needed to keep Miss Jones busy in action. （ C） He needed to confirm if she was qualified for the job. （ D） He needed the typed reports before the end of the day. （ A） Planning a sightseeing tour. （ B） Writing to his uncle. （ C） Arranging his c
43、lass schedule. （ D） Reading a language textbook. （ A） Get the universitys approval in advance. （ B） Follow Susans advice about traveling abroad. （ C） Take more French courses to improve his skills. （ D） Make inquiries about the requirements for teaching chemistry. （ A） Hes fulfilled his graduation r
44、equirements. （ B） He wants to change his field of study. （ C） He needs to get better grades. （ D） He needs to earn a graduate degree. （ A） language teacher （ B） A university lecturer （ C） A doctor （ D） A nurse （ A） Something you dont understand （ B） Something old （ C） Something mysterious （ D） The E
45、gyptian language （ A） It is a class for those who study lame ducks （ B） It is a class for those who want to learn a language （ C） It is a class for those who need special help （ D） It is a class for those who want to do academic work （ A） Reading （ B） Sheffield （ C） Manchester （ D） Egypt Section B D
46、irections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Ask for their
47、 names. （ B） Name babies after them. （ C） Put down their names. （ D） Choose names for them. （ A） The family tree is fairly limited. （ B） The family tie is strong. （ C） The name is commonly used. （ D） Nobody in the family complains. （ A） It shows the beauty of its own. （ B） It develops more associati
48、ons. （ C） It loses the original meaning. （ D） It helps form the babys personality. （ A） He used to live in the country. （ B） He used to work in the city. （ C） He works in the city. （ D） He lives in the country. （ A） Fear of unemployment. （ B） Lack of community intimacy. （ C） Noisy and dirty environm
49、ent. （ D） Sense of isolation. （ A） Living in a community of friends. （ B） Enjoying a still and quiet life. （ C） Being cut off from the exciting events. （ D） Going back closer to nature. （ A） Culture shock and its contributing factors. （ B） How to deal with culture shock. （ C） The harmful effects of culture shock. （ D） Different types of culture shock. （ A） Culture shock mainly involves those who are homesick. （ B） Ones personality is one of the major factors leading to culture sho
