1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 295及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled What Do You Think of Challenge? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 挑战的意义 2. 如何迎接挑战 3. 我的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehensi
2、on (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statem
3、ent contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 A Cross-Cultural Context: Americans, Germans, and English The Americans, the Germans, and the English share significant portions of each others cultures, but at many points thei
4、r cultures clash. Consequently, the misunderstandings that arise are all the more serious because sophisticated Americans and Europeans take pride in correctly interpreting each others behavior. Cultural differences which are out of awareness are, as a consequence, usually misunderstood as unskillfu
5、lness, ill manner, or tack of interest on the part of the other person. Germans and Intrusions I shall never forget my first experience with German proxemic patterns, which occurred when I was an undergraduate. My manners, my status, and my ego were attacked and crushed by a German in an instance wh
6、ere thirty years residence in this country and an excellent command of English had not affected German definitions of intrusion. In order to understand the various issues that were at stake, it is necessary to refer back to two basic American patterns that are taken for granted in this country and w
7、hich Americans therefore tend to treat as universal. First, in the United States, there is a commonly accepted, invisible boundary around any two or three people in conversation which separates them from others. Distance alone serves to isolate any such group and to provide it with a protective wall
8、 of privacy. Normally, voices are kept low to avoid intruding on others and if voices are heard, people will act as though they had not heard. In this way, privacy is granted whether it is actually present or not. The second pattern has to do with the exact point at which a person is experienced as
9、actually having crossed a boundary and entered a room. Talking through a screen door while standing outside a house is not considered by most Americans as being inside the house or room. If one is standing on the threshold holding the door open and. talking to someone inside, it is still defined inf
10、ormally and experienced as being outside. If one is in an office building and just “pokes his head in the door“ of an office, hes still outside the office. Just holding on to the door-jamb when ones body is inside the room still means a person is not quite inside the other fellows territory. None of
11、 these American spatial definitions is valid in northern Germany, In every instance where the American would consider himself outside he has already entered the Germans territory and by definition would become involved with him. The following experience brought the conflict between these two pattern
12、s into focus. It was a warm spring day. I was standing on the doorstep of a converted carriage house talking to a young woman who lived in an apartment upstairs. The first floor had been made into an artists studio. The arrangement, however, was peculiar because the same entrance served both tenants
13、. The occupants of the apartment used a small entryway and walked along one wall of the studio to reach the stairs to the apartment. As I stood talking on the doorstep. I glanced to the left and noticed that some fifty to sixty feet away, inside the studio, the Prussian artist and two of his friends
14、 were also in conversation. He was facing so that if he glanced to one side he Could just see me. I had noted his presence, but not wanting to interrupt his conversation, I unconsciously applied the American rule and assumed that the two activities - my quiet conversation and his conversation - were
15、 not involved with each other. As I was soon to learn, this was a mistake, because in less time than it takes to tell, the artist had detached himself from his friends, crossed the space between us, pushed my friend aside, and with eyes flashing, started shouting at me. By what right had I entered h
16、is studio without greeting him? Who had given me permission ? I felt hurt and humiliated, and even after almost thirty years, I can still feel my anger. Later study has given me greater understanding of the German pattern and 1 have learned that in the German, there is no such thing as being inside
17、the room without being inside the zone of intrusion particularly if one looks at the other party, no matter how far away. The English It has been said that the English and the Americans are two great people separated by one language. The differences for which language gets blamed may not be due so m
18、uch to words as to communications on other levels including ways of handling time, space, and materials. If there ever were two cultures in which differences of the proxemic details are marked it is in the educated (public school) English and the middle-class Americans. One of the basic reasons for
19、this wide difference is that in the United States we use space as a way of classifying people and activities, whereas in England it is the social system that determines who you are. In the United States, your address is an important cue to status (this applies not only to ones home but to the busine
20、ss address as well). The Englishman, however, is born and brought up in a social system. He is still Lord - no matter where you find him, even if it is behind the counter in a fishmongers stall. In addition to class distinctions, there are differences between the English and ourselves in how space i
21、s assigned. The middle-class American growing up in the United States feels he has a right to have his own room, or at least part of a room. American women who want to be alone can go to the bedroom and close the door. The closed door is the sign meaning“ Do not disturb“ or“ Im angry. “An American i
22、s available if his door is open at home or at his office. He is expected not to shut himself off but to maintain himself in a state of constant readiness to answer the demands of others. Closed doors are for conferences, private conversations, and business, work that requires concentration, study, a
23、nd resting. The middle-and-upper-class. Englishman, on the other band, is brought up in a nursery shared with brothers and sisters. The difference between a room of ones own and early conditioning to shared space has an important effect on the Englishmans attitude toward his own space. He may never
24、have a permanent“ room of his own“ and seldom expects one or feels he is entitled to one. As a consequence, the English are puzzled by the American need for a secure place in which to work, an office. Americans working in England may become annoyed if they are not provided with what they consider ap
25、propriate enclosed work space. In regard to the need for walls as a screen for the ego, this places the Americans somewhere between the Germans and the English. The contrasting English and American patterns have some remarkable implications, particularly if we assume that man has a built-in need to
26、shut himself off from others from time to time. An English student in one of my seminars typified what happens when hidden patterns dash. As he stated it,“ Im walking around the apartment and it seems that whenever I want to be alone my roommate starts talking to me. Pretty soon hes asking Whats the
27、 matter? and wants to know if Im angry. By then I am angry and say something.“ It took some time but finally we were able to identify most of the contrasting features if the American and British problems that were in conflict in this case. When the American want to be alone he goes into a room and s
28、huts the door - he depends on architectural features for screening. For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room, to give them the “silent treatment,“ is the ultimate form of rejection and a sure sign of great displeasure. The English, on the other hand, lacking rooms o
29、f their own since childhood, never developed the practice of using space as a refuge from others. Therefore, the more the Englishman shuts himself off when he is with any American the more likely the American is to break in to assure himself that all is well. Tension lasts until the two get to know
30、each other. The important point is that the spatial and architectural needs of each are not the same at all. 2 In the United States, there is a commonly accepted, invisible boundary around any two or three people in conversation. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 In the United States, voices are raised to sho
31、w friendly attitude. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The English are easy to get along with. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 It has been said that the English and the Americans are two great people separated by one language. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 In the United States, distance alone serves to isolate any group an
32、d to provide it with a _. 7 _ while standing outside a house is not considered by most Americans as being inside the house or room. 8 In the United States, your address is an important cue to _. 9 In addition to class distinctions, there are differences between the English and ourselves _. 10 The di
33、fference between a room of ones own and early conditioning to shared space has an important effect on the Englishmans _. 11 For an American to refuse to talk to someone else present in the same room to give them_, is the ultimate form of rejection. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hea
34、r 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices ma
35、rked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man must be a career adviser. （ B） The woman is a modest person. （ C） The letter has to be rewritten. （ D） The letter doesnt have to be rewritten. （ A） She has avoided talking to artists. （ B） She has made the decision to study art. （
36、 C） She has taken a painting to her art class. （ D） She has made the punch for the artists pary. （ A） By train. （ B） By bus. （ C） On foot. （ D） By car. （ A） Mary ignored her parents advice. （ B） Mary went swimming in the rain. （ C） Mary took her parents advice. （ D） Mary was a good swimmer. （ A） A n
37、ew car. （ B） A car shown to and driven by customers. （ C） A used car for sale. （ D） An old car shown to customers. （ A） Getting extra credits. （ B） The requirements of an M.A. thesis. （ C） The credit hours required for an M.A. degree. （ D） Taking more optional courses. （ A） 6. （ B） 5. （ C） 4. （ D） 7
38、. （ A） They have two children already. （ B） Mrs. Taylor wishes to have children, but her husband doesnt. （ C） They will start family as soon as they. get married. （ D） They dont want children for the time being. （ A） Paper towels, napkins, bags and boxes. （ B） Insulation for basements. （ C） Art book
39、 and other high-quality printed matter, （ D） Imitation wood. （ A） Its drab color. （ B） A scarcity of it. （ C） Its stale smell. （ D） A problem in storing it. （ A） The quality of paper will improve. （ B） Garbage dumps will decrease in size. （ C） Paper prices will go down. （ D） Ties will be saved. （ A）
40、 On his way home. （ B） Waiting to see Prof. Jamison. （ C） Waiting the woman. （ D） Doing his homework. （ A） She is Professor Jamisons daughter. （ B） She works part-time as Professor Jamisons secretary. （ C） She used to do the job herself. （ D） She just came out of an interview for the job. （ A） Makes
41、 up homework problems. （ B） Does research in the library. （ C） Teaches an introductory economics course. （ D） Grades homework sets. （ A） He wonders if hell have enough time to do the job. （ B） He is afraid he doesnt know enough about the job. （ C） He fears that the job may be too boring. （ D） He thi
42、nks Professor Jamison has someone else in mind. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fro
43、m the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Gathering nonrelevant materials. （ B） Stealing another persons ideas. （ C） Sharing notes with someone else. （ D） Handing in assignments late. （ A） In the students own words. （ B） In direct quotations. （ C） In short phrases. （ D） In shorthand. （ A） It sho
44、uld be assimilated thoroughly. （ B） It should be enclosed in quotation marks. （ C） It should be paraphrased by the author. （ D） It should be authorized by the source. （ A） Slavery （ B） Law. （ C） Polities. （ D） Emancipation of slaves. （ A） Slavery was abolished. （ B） The Union was split and the Civil
45、 War began. （ C） The United States of America was founded. （ D） He was shot to death. （ A） He was one of the best-educated men of the West. （ B） He was the best-known lawyer in Illinois. （ C） He was the only United States President who Was born into a poor family and had little formal education. （ D
46、） He was one of the worlds greatest men of all time. （ A） Plants can produce some poisonous chemical for defence against insects. （ B） Insects have been eating plants for many million years. （ C） Insects have developed ways of dealing with poisonous chemicals produced by plants themselves. （ D） Inse
47、cts have already developed some resistance to man-made poisons. （ A） The use of insecticides should be limited and controlled. （ B） A combination of some insecticides should be used at the same time. （ C） New insects should be introduced to mate with those that have survived from a certain kind of i
48、nsecticide. （ D） New kinds of insecticides should be explored and developed. （ A） Insects would be out of control some day if nothing were done about the present situation. （ B） Insects will some day eat all green vegetables on earth. （ C） Insects are the most adaptable creatures. （ D） Insects have
49、developed resistance to both botanical and artificial poisons rapidly. （ A） Insects Out of Control （ B） An Urgent Challenge in Agriculture （ C） How to Use Insecticides Properly （ D） Insects and Insecticides Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with t
