1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 310及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Contributions Wanted. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 以学校网站编辑部的名义写一篇征稿启事 2. 说明征稿的内容，写作要求及稿费支付 3. 提供联系方式
2、 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the pa
3、ssage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Human Nutrition and Diet The scope of human nutrition extends far beyond the classical study of the physiological and biochemical processes involv
4、ed in nourishment; i.e. , how substances in food are converted into energy and body tissues. Human nutrition has come to involve all the effects on humans of any component found in food; these include most chronic degenerative diseases (dental decay, coronary heart disease, some cancers, etc. ), whi
5、ch are now major targets of research activity. The scope of nutrition extends to the effects of food on human function; e.g. , mental function, athletic performance, resistance to infection, and fetal health and development. There is a growing interaction between nutritional science and genetics bec
6、ause of the diversity of human chemical make-up and because food components of which most people are unaware can have marked effects on some individuals. Last, nutrition also considers why people choose to eat the foods they do, even after they have been advised that doing so may be unhealthy. The s
7、tudy of food habits and peoples attitudes, beliefs, likes, and dislikes overlaps with the social sciences of physiology, anthropology, sociology, and economics. Dietetics is the application of nutrition in the health sciences. The principal evidence that an organic compound is essential is that it c
8、onsistently cures a specific deficiency disease. An inorganic clement is essential if it regularly occurs in the body and is demonstrated to have a function (such as being an integral part of an enzyme). Humans require oxygen, water, food energy, protein, 14 other organic compounds (vitamins and ess
9、ential fatty acids), and some 18 inorganic elements, as well as carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Growing children need more protein per kilogram of body weight than do adults. Protein requirement at all ages is increased by infections not only because there is an increased utilization of protein but
10、also because illness usually impairs the appetite and thus reduces dietary intake of all substances, including protein. In many countries children are weaned on a diet of cereal paps with little or no supplement of milk or other protein containing foods. Such a diet at the least retards growth and d
11、evelopment. If a child on such a diet suffers from an acute infection, notably measles or gastroenteritis (胃肠炎 ), a severe illness may ensue. The death rate from protein-calorie malnutrition in many poverty stricken communities is high. Primary protein deficiency is not common among adults, for whom
12、 cereals in general satisfy the protein requirement. Iron is required for the synthesis of hemoglobin (血红蛋白 ), the oxygen-binding pigment in red blood ceils. Normally the iron liberated from old ceils is retained and can be reutilized. When, however, there is chronic bleeding from wounds or there is
13、 severe and prolonged menstruation, the normal amount of dietary iron may be insufficient to replenish the bodys supply. Losses of iron in the menses, the needs of a fetus, and the inevitable loss at labour and in the milk of a lactating (哺乳期的 ) woman increase the iron requirements of women during t
14、heir reproductive life. Calcium is the most obvious and persistent of the mineral nutrients, yet it is more difficult to measure the adequacy of its intake than for other nutrients. More than 99 percent of the bodys calcium is in the skeleton, where it not only provides structural support but also i
15、s a large reservoir for maintaining a constant calcium concentration in plasma. Several hormones are all involved in this regulation. The amount of calcium in the bones is nearly 30 grams at birth and builds up to about 1,200 grams in an adult. Hence, an average of 180 milligrams of calcium must be
16、retained in the body throughout childhood, and the individual daily amounts should reach 400 milligrams during the adolescent growth spurt. Absorption of calcium, like that of many other metallic elements, is inefficient. The diet must therefore supply more calcium than the amount theoretically reta
17、ined for skeletal growth. Three major questions about calcium are as yet not fully answered by nutritional science: (1) whether generous intakes of calcium during childhood and adolescence will lead to taller adults or heavier bones, (2) whether a generous intake of calcium from about 45 years of ag
18、e will delay the progress of osteoporosis (骨质疏松 ), which occurs in older people and is more likely to cause symptoms in women after menopause (更年期 ), and (3) what mechanisms enable people in Africa, for example, who grow up on cereal diets low in calcium, to retain enough calcium to achieve a skelet
19、on of similar height to those in northern countries where milk and cheese (both rich in calcium) are staples in the diet. Sodium is present only in small quantities in most natural foods, but salt is added, often in large amounts, in food processing and by cooks to enhance flavour. Sodium is the pre
20、dominant ion in extracellular fluid; an excess can cause edema (水肿 ), especially in conditions such as congestive heart failure. A low sodium intake leads to a lowering of the blood pressure and brings about diuresis (利尿 ), ridding the body of the excess extracellular fluid. There is now much eviden
21、ce that excess dietary salt may contribute to high blood pressure in some individuals, but other factors are also responsible. For normal nutrition and metabolism the body requires certain organic substances, called vitamins, which it cannot make for itself, at least in sufficient quantities. Many o
22、f them function as components of enzyme systems. Because they are required in such small quantities, vitamins do not contribute significantly to the energy needs of the body. In their absence, however, the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins required for energy production and tissue maintenance cannot
23、 be properly metabolized. Vitamins were originally identified by letters as each new one was discovered, but this method is being replaced as the vitamins become known by their chemical names. 2 The scope of human nutrition is limited to the study of the physiological and biochemical processes in no
24、urishment. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Foods vary in the quantity of proteins they contain per typical serving. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The body at least cannot make for itself sufficient quantities of vitamins for normal nutrition and metabolism. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Excess dietary salt may cause hi
25、gh blood pressure in all individuals. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The main reason why an organic compound is vital is that _. 7 If a child on a diet _ suffers from measles, a severe illness may ensue. 8 Nutritional science _ three major questions about calcium. 9 _, the carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
26、 required for energy production and tissue maintenance cannot be properly metabolized. 10 A low sodium intake is beneficial to _. 11 Women during reproductive life should _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conver
27、sation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The woman is
28、the mans boss. （ B） The man is the womans husband. （ C） The woman is the headmaster of a school. （ D） The woman wants to know something about a student. （ A） It is not too ate for the man to return the hook. （ B） The man should have returned the book earlier. （ C） She will probably wont do well on t
29、he coming Mondays test. （ D） The man should have been more thoughtful. （ A） The islands are very different from the North. （ B） The islands are a great distance from the North. （ C） The islands are similar to the North. （ D） The islands make her cry for the North. （ A） People are expected to come at
30、 six. （ B） A formal party will be held. （ C） It will be a party for relaxation. （ D） There is no need to prepare special clothes. （ A） Natalie already knows about the surprise party. （ B） Eugene and Natalie are not good friends. （ C） Eugene will probably tell Natalie about the party. （ D） Eugene won
31、t tell Natalie about the party. （ A） Its time to urge him to study math. （ B） He himself should make the decision. （ C） They should help him study math. （ D） They should leave right now. （ A） He fell during the soccer game. （ B） He did not study hard. （ C） He likes botany more than math. （ D） Martin
32、 wishes he had more time for his studies. （ A） She has to change the time for the trip. （ B） She hasnt decided where to go next month. （ C） She cant afford the time for the trip. （ D） She will manage to leave this month. （ A） To convince him to go on a canoe trip. （ B） To invite him to a cookout. （
33、C） To ask if she can borrow his car. （ D） To tell him about a trip she took. （ A） Swimming. （ B） Driving. （ C） Sleeping outdoors. （ D） Canoeing. （ A） To find out whether he wants to go canoeing （ B） To tell him whether her car is repaired. （ C） To find out what kind of food he is bringing. （ D） To t
34、ell him what time they are leaving. （ A） Places the man has visited. （ B） A paper the woman is writing for a class. （ C） School activities they enjoy. （ D） The womans plans for the summer. （ A） She has never been to Gettysburg. （ B） She took a political science course. （ C） Her family still goes on
35、vacation together. （ D） Shes interested in the United States Civil War. （ A） Why her parents wanted to go to Gettysburg. （ B） Why her familys vacation plans changed ten years ago. （ C） Where her family went for a vacation ten years ago. （ D） When her family went on their last vacation. （ A） Its far
36、from where she lives. （ B） Her family went there without her. （ C） She doesnt know a lot about it. （ D） Shes excited about going there. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions
37、will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies built castles in order to get more land. （ B） Around the outside of a castle, a moat was dug, which was
38、 often filled with water. （ C） A castle was built behind a thick and high stonewall, which was strong enough to stand the possible attack of enemies. （ D） If a drawbridge was pulled up, there was no way for people to enter the castle. （ A） They lived a luxurious life and their diet was very delicate
39、. （ B） They lived a highly civilized court life. （ C） They lived a primitive lie and their table manner was often rude. （ D） They lived a Comparatively luxurious but not-so-civilized life. （ A） Castles structure and the eating habit in them. （ B） Castles structure and the people who lived in them. （
40、 C） Castles structure and the life in them. （ D） Why people built castles and their structure. （ A） The conversion of volcanic waste to fertilizer. （ B） The menace of currently dormant volcanoes around Mount Saint Helens. （ C） The eruption of Mount Saint Helens and its effects on the environment. （
41、D） The elimination of volcanic ash by natural means. （ A） The crops were obliterated for the entire year. （ B） The crops nutritional was considerably lessened. （ C） The soil was permanently damaged. （ D） The loss was not as bad as had been anticipated. （ A） It served as a fertilizer for crops. （ B）
42、It formed a new mountain. （ C） It stabilized air temperatures. （ D） It destroyed various insect pests. （ A） He thought that he would either find a good job or he would be a thief. （ B） He said that he would become rich by way of robbing the bank. （ C） He said that he could rob the rich of their mone
43、y. （ D） He might be rich if he worked harder. （ A） Because he had a letter of thanks. （ B） Because he feared that he might be killed if he refused. （ C） Because he gave him a demand note. （ D） Because he showed him a cheque payable at sight. （ A） The raid had been photographed by hidden cameras. （ B
44、） Some watchmen had seen the raid. （ C） The bank teller proved that Joe was the robber. （ D） Some monitors had been installed nearby. （ A） Funny. （ B） Brave. （ C） Clever. （ D） Stupid. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first t
45、ime, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For thes
46、e blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computer is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early 【 B1】 _ computer did not
47、have much going for it except a 【 B2】_ memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat 【 B3】 _ conversations. Computers imitate life. As computer g
48、ets more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the 【 B4】 _ and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will take the computer as a new form of life. The opinion seems 【 B5】 _ because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and 【 B6】 _ of living creatures. Bu
49、t driving a car can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for 【 B7】 _ Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often【 B8】 _ them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. 【
