1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 316及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Energy Shortage: How to Solve It. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 能源 是当今人们最关心的重大问题之一。 2. 节约使用是缓解能源短缺的手段之一。 3. 但最好的解决办法
2、是开发新的能源。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given i
3、n the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Automation The term automation was coined around 1946 by the automobile industry to describe the increased use of automatic devices and co
4、ntrols in mechanized production lines. Today, it is widely used in a manufacturing context but is also applied outside of manufacturing in connection with a variety of systems in which there is a significant substitution of mechanical, electrical, or computerized action for human effort and intellig
5、ence. An operation is commonly described as automated if it is Substantially more automatic than its predecessor. In its most general usage, automation can be defined as a technology concerned with carrying out a process by means of programmed commands combined with the automatic feedback of data re
6、lating to the execution of those commands. The resulting system is capable of operating without human intervention. The development of this technology has become increasingly dependent on the use of computers and computer-related technologies. As a consequence, automated systems have become sophisti
7、cated and complex. Advanced systems of this sort now represent a level of capability and performance that surpass in many ways the abilities of humans to accomplish the same activities. Automation technology has matured to a point where a number of other technologies have developed from it and have
8、achieved a recognition and status of their own. Robotics is one such technology. It is a specialized branch of automation in which the automated machine possesses certain characteristics. The most typical humanlike characteristic of a modern industrial robot is its powered mechanical arm. The robots
9、 arm can be programmed to do a sequence of motions to perform useful tasks, such as loading and unloading parts at a production machine or making a sequence of spot-welds on the body of an automobile. The robot will repeat the motion pattern until it is reprogrammed to perform some alternative task.
10、 As these examples of robot applications suggest, an industrial robot is typically used to replace a human worker in a factory operation. The field of robotics has its roots in the development of automation technology. Numerical control (NC) and telecherics are two important areas of technology that
11、 constitute the foundations of robotics technology. Over the years, the social merits of automation have been argued by labour leaders, government officials, business executives, and college professors. No doubt the biggest controversy has focused on the employment issue: What is the effect of autom
12、ation on employment? There are other important aspects of the automation issue as well, including its effect on productivity, economic competition, education, and quality of life. The advantages commonly attributed to automation include increased production rates, more efficient use of materials, be
13、tter product quality, improved safety, shorter workweeks for labour, and reduction of factory lead times. Automated machines are usually designed to operate at higher production rates than humans are capable of achieving. This increased productivity has been one of the biggest reasons for justifying
14、 the adoption of automated systems. Notwithstanding the claims of high quality from good workmanship by humans, automated systems are generally capable of carrying out the manufacturing process with less variability that humans make, thus yielding greater control and consistency of product quality.
15、In addition, the increased process control makes possible more efficient use of materials, resulting in less waste. Automated manufacturing systems often, remove workers from the workplace, thus safeguarding them against hazards in the work environment. In the United States, the Occupational Safety
16、and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA) was enacted with the objective of making work safer and protecting the physical well-being of the worker on a national scale. OSHA has had the effect of promoting the use of automation and robotics in the factory. Another of the benefits of automation noted above is the
17、 reduction in the number of hours worked on average per week by factory workers. Around the turn of the century, the average workweek was about 70 hours. This has gradually been reduced, so that today the standard workweek in the United States is about 40 hours. Mechanization and automation have pla
18、yed a significant role in this reduction. Finally, the time required to process a typical job through the factory is generally reduced with automation. Referred to as the manufacturing lead time, this is the amount of time between the beginning of a project or process and the appearance of its resul
19、ts. Among the major disadvantages associated with automation is worker dislocation. This problem was touched upon earlier. Whatever the ultimate social benefits that might result from retraining displaced workers for other (perhaps more skilled) jobs, in almost all cases the worker whose job is take
20、n over by a machine suffers considerable personal stress. In addition to displacement from work, the worker may be displaced geographically. To find other work, an individual may have to relocate, which is itself another source of emotional stress. Another significant disadvantage associated with au
21、tomation is high capital expenditure. Automated systems can cost millions of dollars to design, fabricate, and put into operation. Still other problems characteristic of automated equipment include a higher level of maintenance than is required by manually operated hardware and an inherent lack of f
22、lexibility in terms of the variety of products that can be produced. Also, automation is not without its potential dangers. As often suggested in works of science fiction, the technology associated with automation might ultimately subjugate rather than serve humankind. There is a possibility that wo
23、rkers will become slaves to automated machines, that the privacy of humans will be invaded by vast computer data banks, that human error in the management of technology will somehow endanger the health of civilization, and that society will become completely dependent on automation for its economic
24、well-being. 2 The foundations of robotics technology is mainly composed of the technology of numerical control. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Telecherics is concerned with the use of remote manipulators controlled by humans. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 To accomplish the same activities, the capability and per
25、formance of advanced automated systems now do better in many ways than human abilities. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 For a long time, the effect of automation on employment is the point at issue among labour leaders, government officials, business executives, and college professors. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG
26、 6 The disadvantages associated with automation are _ and _ and its potential dangers. 7 The reduced _ is an advantage attributed to automation. 8 Robotics is a technology _. 9 The use of computers and computer-related technologies are more and more important _. 10 That workers will become slaves to
27、 automated machines is _. 11 The robots arm can _ the body of an automobile. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the qu
28、estions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Give him the ring. （ B） Take the ring to the security office. （ C） Take the ring to administration building. （
29、 D） Put the ring in the locker. （ A） Itll cost him a lot of money. （ B） He isnt serious about going. （ C） Other people paid for his airfare. （ D） It isnt fair for him to go alone. （ A） He doesnt have to do the project. （ B） The woman still has time to finish the project. （ C） Hell help the woman to
30、finish the project. （ D） The semester will end in two weeks. （ A） The woman should improve her writing. （ B） The woman should avoid reading about electronics. （ C） The article has technical errors. （ D） The electronics field doesnt interest him. （ A） The construction job will probably take a long ti
31、me. （ B） The noise problem could be solved. （ C） The man has no reason to complain. （ D） The man should move to a new building. （ A） Punish the man lightly. （ B） Send the man to a different court. （ C） Impose a large fine on the man. （ D） Leave the courtroom after the first appointment. （ A） It is h
32、ard for him to evaluate. （ B） It is a great advantage to him. （ C） It is improved with each conversation. （ D） Its actually rather limited. （ A） She prefers the ones of hunting scenes. （ B） She dislikes those that lack detail. （ C） She cant understand what they represent. （ D） She admires them. （ A）
33、 Shopping. （ B） A concert. （ C） Dating. （ D） A football. （ A） Mary will call off the appointment with Mrs. David. （ B） They will go to a movie instead because they havent got tickets for the football game. （ C） They will have dinner after the movie. （ D） They put it off until Saturday. （ A） The time
34、. （ B） The schedule. （ C） Who treats. （ D） By what theyll go. （ A） On business. （ B） On holiday. （ C） Visiting friends. （ D） Taking pictures. （ A） Sharks. （ B） Dolphins. （ C） Tropical fishes. （ D） Crocodiles. （ A） She has to catch the train. （ B） She has to catch the bus. （ C） She has to go to work.
35、 （ D） She is tired. （ A） By subway. （ B） By cable car. （ C） By bus. （ D） On foot. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, y
36、ou must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Two years. （ B） Long-term goals. （ C） Current activities. （ D） The goals that have been completed. （ A） We will win final success. （ B） We are overwhelmed. （ C） We should build up confidence of success. （ D） We have stro
37、ng desire for setting new goals. （ A） If we complete our short term goals. （ B） If we cannot reach solid short-term goals. （ C） If we write down the dates. （ D） If we put forward some plans. （ A） Warn young people of the hardships that a successful writer has to experience. （ B） Advice young people
38、to give up their idea of becoming a professional writer. （ C） Show young people its unrealistic for a writer to pursue wealth and fame. （ D） Encourage young people to pursue a writing career. （ A） He wasnt able to produce a single book. （ B） He hadnt seen a change for the better. （ C） He wasnt able
39、to have a rest for a whole year. （ D） He found his dream would never come true. （ A） Good writers often find their work interesting and rewarding. （ B） Writers success depends on luck rather than on effort. （ C） Famous writers usually live in poverty and isolation. （ D） The chances for a writer to b
40、ecome successful are small. （ A） In ancient China. （ B） In ancient Egypt. （ C） In ancient Greece. （ D） In ancient Rome. （ A） It was used as a protection against rain. （ B） It was used as a shade against the sum （ C） It was used as a symbol of honor and power. （ D） It was used as womens decoration. （
41、 A） No one exactly knows who was the inventor of the umbrella. （ B） The umbrella was first invented to be used as protection against the sum （ C） The umbrella changed much in style in the eighteenth century. （ D） In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella. （ A） When and how umbrella wa
42、s invented. （ B） Why the umbrella was so popular in Europe. （ C） The development of the umbrella. （ D） The history and use of the umbrella. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its gen
43、eral idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words
44、 you have just heard or write down the 36 No event has had such a【 B1】 _ effect in shaping the attitude of the Irish people towards the British as the Irish Famine. Looking back on the famine, the most【 B2】 _ fact was that it should ever have reached such【 B3】 _ . Although the potato crop failed the
45、re was plenty of food left in Ireland, and while thousands died some of it was being【 B4】 _ . Even if the local organizations for dealing with a 【 B5】 _ of such magnitude were completely inadequate, more positive and【 B6】 _ action by the British Government could have【 B7】 _ some of the worst effects
46、. In the light of the large【 B8】 _ Government relief projects undertaken today, the supreme irony of all was that the richest nation in Europe should have allowed one of the poorest to starve on its doorstep. Yet the famine looked very different through nineteen-century eyes.【 B9】 _ in fact, were re
47、garded as almost scared.【 B10】 _ . In the case of the Irish famine, it was argued, the Government had done all it could to help. This argument may or may not be valid; but a little more humanity shown by the Government could have done no harm,【 B11】 _ . The violent overthrow of the British rule was
48、increasingly advocated, and hatred of Britain grew. Few Irish families had not been severely hit by the famine, and there were even fewer who did not lay the blame fairly and directly at Britains door. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B1
49、1】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 47 In a sense the university has failed. It has stored great quantities of knowledge; it teaches more people; and despite its failures, it teaches them better. It is in the application of this knowledge that the failur
