1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 327及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a short essay entitled Looking Back and Looking Forward. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given bellow. 1. 有些人喜欢向后看，有些人喜欢向前看。 2. 向后看能得到经验教训，向前看能得到启示和信心。 3
2、. 如何处理好二者的关系 ? Looking Back and Looking Forward 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statem
3、ent agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Big Blunders from Big Businesses International marketing can be a tricky business. With the increas
4、e in global trade, international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive and profitable. Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, howe
5、ver, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Out of their blunders, a whole new industry of translation services has emerged. Faulty Translations The value of understanding the language of a country cannot be overestimated. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders i
6、n international advertising. Since a language is more than the sum of its words, a literal, word-by-word dictionary translation seldom works. The following examples prove this point. Otis Engineering Company once displayed a poster at a trade show in Moscow that turned heads. Due to a poor translati
7、on of its message, the sign boasted that the firms equipment was great for improving a persons sex life. The Parker Pen Company suffered an embarrassing moment when it realized that a faulty translation of one of its ads into Spanish resulted in a promise to “help prevent unwanted Pregnancies.“ Auto
8、mobile manufacturers in the United States have made several notorious advertising mistakes that have been well publicized. General Motors learned a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. Although “nova“ means “star“ in Spanish, when it is spoken, it sounds li
9、ke “nova“ which means “it doesnt go.“ Few people wanted to buy a car with that meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up dramatically. Ford also ran into trouble with the name of one of its products. When it introduced a low-cost truck called the “Fiera“ into Spanish speaking coun
10、tries, Ford didnt realize until too late that the name meant “ugly old woman“ in Spanish. Another American auto manufacturer made a mistake when it translated its Venezuelan ad for a car battery. It was no surprise when Venezuelan customers didnt want to buy a battery that was advertised as being “h
11、ighly overrated.“ Airline companies have also experienced problems of poor translation. A word-by-word translation ruined a whole advertising campaign for Braniff Airlines. Hoping to promote its plush leather seats, Braniffs ad urged passengers to “fly on leather.“ However, when the slogan was trans
12、lated into Spanish, it told customers to “fly naked.“ Another airline company, Eastern Airlines, made a similar mistake when it translated its motto, “We earn our wings daily“ into Spanish. The poor translation suggested that its passengers often ended up dead. Marketing blunders have also been made
13、 by food and beverage companies. One American food companys friendly “Jolly Green Giant“ became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre.“ When translated into German, Pepsis popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi“ came out implying “Come Alive from th
14、e Grave.“ No wonder customers in Germany didnt rush out to buy Pepsi. Even a company with an excellent international track record like Kentucky Fried Chicken is not immune to the perils of faulty translation. A lot of sales were lost when the catch phrase “finger lickin good“ became “eat your finger
15、s off“ in the Chinese translation. A manufacturer of one laundry detergent made an expensive mistake in a promotional campaign in the Middle East. The advertisements showed a picture of a pile of dirty clothes on the left, a box of the companys detergent in the middle, and clean clothes on the right
16、. Unfortunately, the message was incorrectly interpreted because most people in the Middle East read from right to left. It seemed to them that the detergent turned clean clothes into dirty ones. Cultural Oversights Can Be Disastrous Successful international marketing doesnt stop with good translati
17、onsother aspects of culture must be researched and understood if marketers are to avoid blunders. When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, level of literacy, religion, or economic development of a culture, they fail to capture their targe
18、t market. For example, when a popular American designer tried to introduce a new perfume in the Latin American market, the product aroused little interest and the company lost a lot of money. Ads for the new fragrance highlighted its fresh camellia scent. What marketers had failed to realize was tha
19、t camellias are traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries. Procter and Gamble has been successful in marketing its products internationally for many years. Today, overseas markets account for over one third of its sales. However, the companys success in this area didnt happen
20、over night. Procter and Gamble initially experienced huge losses because marketing managers did not recognize important cultural differences. For instance, when P Careful tests have shown that at least half of these high L Q. people are never discovered, do not go to college, and live out their live
21、s in humble, even though usually respected, occupations. The identified intellectual, therefore, will at best be only one person in 46, and is more likely to be one person in 150. It is not surprising that he feels a little queer, and is regarded by others as even more so. The fact that there are sc
22、hisms between groups along the I. Q. scale, is an intricate matter. For one thing, the people at any given level show a curious tendency to disapprove of the mental activities of the people at every other level, above or below. The scorn of the highbrow when he sees a comic-book reader is equal to t
23、he contempt of the strong, median-I. Q. football player for the genius who wanders about, reading poetry when he could be getting a good workout in the gym. It is a curious fact that high intelligence is rarely associated with the excess adrenal activity necessary for success in the hard, competitiv
24、e world of business; the highbrow comes rather low on the pecking order of humans. Each group sublimates its hostility, the intellectual often by writing something cutting about the businessman, the latter by driving a more expensive car than the former can afford. 48 What can people with I. Q. belo
25、w 90 only do? 49 Of the high I. Q. people, what has careful testing revealed? 50 People with high I. Q. are viewed by others as 51 What is implied of people with high I. Q. ? 52 How is our population formed intellectually? Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is f
26、ollowed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 52 No other country spends what we do per capita for medical care. The care available is among the best technically, even if used too lavishly and t
27、hus dangerously, but none of the countries that stand above us in health status have such a high proportion of medically disenfranchised (被剥夺了公发权利的 ) persons. Given thc evidence that medical care is not that valuable and access to care not that bad, it seems most unlikely that our bad showing is cau
28、sed by the significant proportion who are poorly served. Other hypotheses have greater explanatory power: excessive poverty, both actual and relative, and excessive affluence. Excessive poverty is probably more prevalent in the U.S. than in any of the countries that have a better infant mortality ra
29、te and female life expectancy at birth. This is probably true also for all but four or five of the countries with a longer male life expectancy. In the notably poor countries that exceed us in male survival, difficult living conditions are a more accepted way of life and in several of them, a good b
30、asic diet, basic medical care and basic education, and lifelong employment opportunities are an everyday fact of life. In the U.S. a national unemployment level of 10 percent may be 40 percent in the ghetto while less than 4 percent elsewhere. The countries that have surpassed us in health do not ha
31、ve such severe or entrenched problems. Nor are such a high proportion of their people involved in them. Excessive affluence is not so obvious a cause of ill health, but, at least until recently, few other nations could afford such unhealthful ways of living. Excessive intake of animal protein and fa
32、ts, dangerous intake of alcohol and use of tobacco and drugs (prescribed and proscribed), and dangerous recreational sports and driving habits are all possible only because of affluence. Our heritage, desires, opportunities, and our machismo (大男子气概 ), combined with the relatively low cost of bad foo
33、ds and speedy vehicles, make us particularly vulnerable to our affluence. And those who are not affluent try harder. Our unacceptable health Status, then, will not be improved appreciably by expanded medical resources nor by their redistribution so much as by a general attempt to improve the quality
34、 of life for all. 53 All of the following are mentioned in the passage as factors affecting the health of the population EXCEPT _. （ A） the availability of medical care services （ B） the genetic endowment of individuals （ C） the nations relative position in health status （ D） an individuals life sty
35、le 54 The author is primarily concerned with _. （ A） condemning the U.S. for its failure to provide better medical care to the poor （ B） evaluating the relative significance of factors contributing to the poor health status in the U. S. （ C） comparing the general health of the U.S. population with w
36、orld averages （ D） advocating specific measures designed to improve the health of the U.S. population 55 Which of the following conclusions does the passage best support about the relationship between per capita expenditure for medical care and the health of a population? （ A） The per capita expendi
37、ture for medical care has relatively little effect on the total amount of medical care available to a population. （ B） The genetic makeup of a population is a more powerful determinant of the health of a population than the per capita expenditure for medical care. （ C） A population may have very hig
38、h per capita expenditure for medical care and yet have a lower health status than other populations with lower per capita expenditure. （ D） The higher the per capita expenditure on medical care, the more advanced is the medical technology of a country; and the more advanced the technology, the bette
39、r is the health of the population. 56 The author refers to the excessive intake by Americans of alcohol and tobacco and drug use in order to _. （ A） show that some health problems cannot be attacked by better medical care （ B） demonstrate that use of tobacco and intoxicants is detrimental to health
40、（ C） cite examples of individual behavior that have adverse consequences for health status （ D） illustrate ways in which excessive affluence may contribute to a poor health status 57 Which of the following questions does the passage provide information to answer? （ A） What is the most powerful influ
41、ence on the health status of a countrys population? （ B） Which nation in the world leads in health status? （ C） Is the life expectancy of males in the U.S. longer than that of females? （ D） What are the most important genetic factors influencing the health of an individual? 57 Intelligence used to b
42、e seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways the extent of our achievements. Since the Intelligence Quotient was relatively unaffected by bad teaching or a dull home environment, it remained constant. Its value, therefore, was a predictor o
43、f childrens future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differentlyand the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within schools was obvious. Today, we are beginning to think different
44、ly. In the last few years, re search has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. Perhaps most important, there is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of the environment both on achievement and intelli
45、gence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and in intelligence testsa fact which could be explained on genetic groundsbut their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. Evidence like this lends suppor
46、t to the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will obviously restrict development, no matter how stimulating the environment. But we cannot observe or measure innate intelligence; whereas we can observe and m
47、easure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Changes may occur in our observations or measurements, if the environment is changed. In other words, the Intelligence Quotient is not constant. Researches over the past d
48、ecade have been investigating what happens in this interaction. Work in this country has shown that parental interest and encouragement are more important than the material circumstances of the home. Two major findings have emerged from these studies. Firstly, that the greater part of the developmen
49、t of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. In other words, deprivation in the first four or five years of life can have greater consequences than any of the following twelve or so years. Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between “privileged“ and “disadvantaged“
