1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 338及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage of at least 150 words in the title of Is Checking Attendance Necessary to College Students. Please follow the outline given below. 1. 无论是本科教学还是研究生教学，点名都是教师维持纪律常用手段，这是因为 2.但也
2、有人认为，这没有必要。 3.你的观点。 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the informat
3、ion given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Give Up Six Words and Change Your Life Alfred Korzybski, the father of general semantics, observed that how we talk affects how
4、 we handle problems and how we behave. He found that scientists, trained to be specific, handled both personal and laboratory problems better than non-scientists. Non-scientists, then as now, used words loaded with feeling and prejudgment and got into trouble. Changing the way we use certain everyda
5、y words can actually shift the way we see the world and other people, helps change the emotion-laden attitudes behind the words, and makes us less likely to make inappropriate demands on ourselves and others. There is also a change in the effect on others. Teachers, told that certain students have h
6、idden talents, will help them develop, even if the students were selected blindly by researchers. People act as they think they have been defined, and like it or not, our words play a large part in expressing that definition. In our work, we have found six words that are often used in damaging ways:
7、 try, always, is, cant, should and everybody. These words are really “families“ of words. Always can be expanded to never, every time. Should is also ought to, must, have to. We use nobody, no one, all, the way we use everybody. Each of these words is linked to the concept of time. “Everybody does i
8、t“ implies every person always does it. Should reflects a standard adopted in the past, governing how we must always behave. Is implies a permanent characteristic of something or someone, as “she is impossible to deal with.“ Alfred Korzybski called humans “time binders“. Facts, opinions and behavior
9、s are learned, repeated and passed on, even though they may not necessarily have been true in the first place. Both Korzybski and S. I. Hayakawa, who is a respected semanticist, caution us against using such “allness“ terms. Yet we do use them, as though by doing so we could somehow manage the prese
10、nt and future. “With words,“ says Hayakawa in Language in Thought and Action, “we influence and to an enormous extent control.“ “Ill meet you at three Thursday“ is an attempt to make another person-and ourselves -be at a certain place at a certain time. Hayakawa writes, “The future is a specifically
11、 human dimension. To a dog, hamburger tomorrow is meaningless. With words we humans impose a certain predictability upon future events.“ Similarly, we attempt to control peoples actions and even characteristics with cant, should, everybody and related words. We try thus to create “reliable“ data, ho
12、wever unrelated it is to the facts. According to Freud, to some mental patients certain words become magical, symbols of whole trains of thought condensed. Seriously ill neurotics maintain some of that magic: “Everybodys against me“ or “I have to do this.“ And nearly all of us have the same bad habi
13、t to a less intense degree. When and where do we begin this pattern of restrictive words and beliefs? According to the late speech expert Wendell Johnson, as adults we are still “using information, attitudes, beliefs, procedures, practices . adapted to an earlier time.“ Our beliefs, and the words we
14、 use to support them and to protect ourselves from change, come from early in our lives. Willis Harman, Ph. D., a futurist at SRI (formerly Stanford Research Institute), maintains that we are all in a way hypnotized from infancy. “We do not perceive ourselves and the world about us as they are, but
15、as we have been persuaded to perceive them,“ says Dr. Harman. Research shows that objects and people with some familiar characteristics tend to be perceived by the infant as identical. The newborn cannot distinguish between self and surrounding. When the baby is hungry, everybody is hungry. Later, a
16、ny man becomes “Daddy“ and every animal “doggie.“ We use such early biases to make life easy, as well as comfortable and familiar. If I adopt the belief as a child that “I am dumb,“ it is easier to act it out continually than to resist it-thus I unconsciously make sure it stays true. Taking each fam
17、ily of words separately, here is what they represent and how to stop using them destructively. Try Benjamin Keller, head of the Los Angeles branch of the Vector Counseling Institute, tells of one desperate young woman: “Her marriage wasnt going well. As she put it, no matter how hard I try, I just c
18、ant clean, cook and work at the same time. She was trying so hard she was constantly tense and exhausted.“ She agreed to stop trying and just do those things the best she could. Without the inner struggle, she found that she could schedule some things, let others go, and accomplish more. When we swi
19、tch from try, which anticipates failure, to “do the best I can,“ we do exactly that. We could not have done better, or we would have. Check it out: Consciously delete try from your vocabulary for a month. Always Always and never are our creations. Much more accurate are words that represent gradatio
20、n, that cover a whole range, such as almost always, many times, frequently, not often, hardly ever. When we believe a person is always faithful, and he proves otherwise, we are hurt. When we believe we will never lose a particular friend, or our money, or a job, and we do, we respond with grief and
21、resentment. Popular songs, expressing cultural truths, reflect this. “Always and Forever,“ we say. “You Belong to Me“ or “I Cant Smile Without You“ we sing. Is Our use of is, I am in English is virtually unique. In Spanish, separate verbs distinguish temporary from permanent: estar, to be in a tempo
22、rary sense, and ser, to be in a permanent sense. So with French and many other languages. But in English, we can only describe a permanent, unalterable condition. A youngster who repeatedly hears how lazy he is tends to agree: “I am lazy.“ Adopted as his own reality, “the way I am,“ it can become a
23、fact of his life. If I call him lazy (“the way he is“), I will see his actions colored by that judgment. Anger, resentment and rigidity may develop in both of us as a result. Cant Cant carries the same burden of permanence, expressed this time in a negative way, “You cant do anything right,“ say our
24、 parents. When we try our hand at algebra or cooking, and dont do well, if we conclude, “I cant do it,“ we tend not to attempt it again. Thus language has done our thinking for us. ff we accept our first-round failure for what it really is - doing the best we can at that moment-we are much freer to
25、try again. Or by learning to be more precise: “perhaps I cant. with the education, experience, or information I now have,“ we free ourselves to seek out the necessary information, experience or education. Should Notice how you feel when you say, “I should call her,“ or “I must get this done.“ Should
26、s are a source of guilt. If the guilt is appropriate, fine. But its a waste to trigger it by using language that reflects other peoples standards that weve rejected. Everybody Perhaps we use everybody, nobody, no one to make things seem better known than they are, or to have our opinions supported.
27、If “everybody does it“ were safe. Everybody includes too much, and nobody excludes too much. These terms prevent seeing differences between individuals. When we use them, were inaccurate most of the time; we also miss a lot. What can we expect when we change our use of try, always, is, cant, should
28、and everybody? You will notice no “overnight“ changes but you will definitely be easing yourself into a less dogmatic frame of mind, more open, less demanding - in some ways scarier. Did you mean everybody? Or could it be some people, or many people I know? Is he really that way, or does he seem tha
29、t way to you, now? Should you really be more (or less) ambitious, or are you judging yourself by someone elses standards? Are all your dates broken, or just the last two? It takes time, and it takes honesty. Try it. No, do it. 2 People act as they think they have been defined, and like it or not, ou
30、r words play a large part in expressing that definition. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 “Should“ implies a permanent characteristic of something or someone. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Common people used words as they like. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Perhaps we use “everybody“, “nobody“, “no one“ to make things s
31、eem better known than they are. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Alfred Korzybski observed that _ affects how we handle problems and how we behave. 7 _ carries the same burden of permanence, expressed this time in a negative way. 8 Shoulds are a source of _. 9 According to Freud, to some _ certain words beco
32、me magical, symbols of whole trains of thought condensed. 10 We use such early biases to make life easy, as well as _. 11 “Always“ and “never“ are our _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more
33、questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Artists. （ B） Musicians. （ C） Tou
34、r guides. （ D） Businessmen. （ A） An art museum. （ B） A beautiful park. （ C） A college campus. （ D） An architectural exhibition. （ A） 1 hour. （ B） 30 minutes. （ C） 1.5 minutes. （ D） 2 hour. （ A） He has got the phone bill. （ B） His calls werent included. （ C） The woman doesnt need to pay for it. （ D）
35、He has received a long-distance call. （ A） In a bookstore. （ B） At the camera shop. （ C） In a hospital. （ D） At a jewelry store. （ A） A lawyer. （ B） A teacher. （ C） A soldier. （ D） A doctor. （ A） Both of them have overcome their fear of heights. （ B） The woman is afraid of high places, but the man i
36、s not. （ C） Both of them like to stand on high places. （ D） They are both afraid of high places. （ A） Hed prefer taking a bus. （ B） Hed prefer taking a plane. （ C） Hed prefer traveling with the woman. （ D） Hed prefer staying at home because he doesnt like traveling. （ A） Go to summer school. （ B） Ta
37、ke a Vacation. （ C） Stay at home. （ D） Earn some money. （ A） They hired someone to stay in their home. （ B） They left their pets with neighbors. （ C） They rented their house to a student. （ D） They asked their gardener to watch their home. （ A） Walking the dog. （ B） Cutting the grass. （ C） Watching
38、the children. （ D） Feeding the fish. （ A） She needs some information. （ B） She wants packing materials. （ C） She is checking her package. （ D） She is moving to California. （ A） Fresh fruit. （ B） A gift certificate. （ C） Homemade candy. （ D） A wedding present. （ A） The next day. （ B） On Saturday. （ C
39、） In three days. （ D） In one week. （ A） Regular service. （ B） Overnight express. （ C） Same day delivery. （ D） Priority service. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be
40、spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） A blindfolded eye. （ B） A wooden leg. （ C） A big black mustache. （ D） A long beard. （ A） The girl. （ B） The bottle. （ C） The pirate ship. （ D） The dream. （ A） The storm, （ B）
41、 The pirates. （ C） The girl. （ D） The sunbeam. （ A） American Social Problems. （ B） American Youth. （ C） Schools in the United States. （ D） Adults and Teenagers Together. （ A） It is unfortunate that so much attention is being paid to young people in the United States. （ B） Older people should try to
42、understand the thoughts and feelings of the youth. （ C） Many problems today are caused by those parents who would not control their children. （ D） The young people of today are mainly interested in enjoying life. （ A） Crimes caused by the use of drugs. （ B） A new wave of sexual freedom of the youth.
43、 （ C） Young peoples dislike of hard work. （ D） Disagreement between young people and their parents. （ A） He loses his delight in dreams when he has horrible dreams. （ B） He still feels fun to dream although he might have some horrible dreams. （ C） He likes the idea of dreaming, but not actual dreami
44、ng at night. （ D） He often asks other people about their dreams. （ A） They feel dreaming is part of their life. （ B） They feel dreaming is enjoyable. （ C） They feel dreaming is very disturbing. （ D） They feel dreaming is interesting to talk about. （ A） To show how his friends are interested in his d
45、reams. （ B） To show some people are not dependable. （ C） To show the wonders and mysteries of dreams. （ D） To show they are his best friends. （ A） Why people have dreams at night. （ B） Why the speaker enjoys dreaming. （ C） Why dreams are not dependable. （ D） How to explain peoples dreams. Section C
46、Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have j
47、ust heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Muslim Sudan is one of the Islamized【 B1】 _ regions. In East Africa musical forms showing Arab or Islamic in
48、fluence are found even far【 B2】 _ , for instance in southern Uganda, not only along the Indian Ocean coast. Several musical【 B3】 _ of Arab introduction can be seen in these parts, the one-string fiddle being the most visible example, On the other hand,【 B4】 _ areas of black Africa are virtually free
49、 from Arab or Islamic influence. The traditional schools for boys found in west central Africa, with their【 B5】 _ dances and music, are independent black African【 B6】 _ and in no way to be related to Muslim【 B7】 _ It is now widely【 B8】 _ that African music/dance in various parts of the continent has constantly undergone decisive changes in history.【 B9】 _ Nor is African music always
