1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 360及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title of Leisure Time, a report for a university lecturer. You should write at least 150 words following the chart below which shows the amount of leisure time
2、enjoyed by men and women of different employment status.二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if th
3、e statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Next Society The new economy may or may not materialize, but there is no doubt that the
4、 next society will be with us shortly. In the developed world, and probably in the emerging countries as well, this new society will be a good deal more important than the new economy (if any). It will be quite different from the society of the late 20th century, and also different from what most pe
5、ople expect. Much of it will be unprecedented. And most of it is already here, or is rapidly emerging. In the developed countries, the dominant factor in the next society will be something to which most people are only just beginning to pay attention: the rapid growth in the older population and the
6、 rapid shrinking of the younger generation. Politicians everywhere still promise to save the existing pension system, but they-and their constituents-know perfectly well that in another 25 years people will have to keep working until their mid-70s, health permitting. What has not yet sunk in is that
7、 a growing number of older people-say those over 50-will not keep on working as traditional full time nine-to-five employees, but will participate in the labor force in many new and different ways: as temporaries, as part-timers, as consultants on special assignments, and so on. What used to be pers
8、onnel and are now known as human resources departments still assume that those who work for an organization are full-time employees. Employment laws and regulations are based on the same assumption. Within 20 or 25 years, however, perhaps as many as half the people who work for an organization will
9、not be employed by it, certainly not on a full-time basis. This will be especially true for older people. New ways of working with people at arms length will increasingly become the central managerial issue of employing organizations, and not just of businesses. The shrinking of the younger populati
10、on will cause an even greater upheaval, if only because nothing like this has happened since the dying centuries of the Roman Empire. In every single developed country, but also in China and Brazil, the birth rate is now well below the replacement rate of 2.2 live births per woman of reproductive ag
11、e. Politically, this means that immigration will become an important and highly divisive issue in all rich countries. It will cut across all traditional political alignments. Economically, the decline in the young population will change markets in fundamental ways. Growth in family formation has bee
12、n the driving force of all domestic markets in the developed world, but the rate of family formation is certain to fall steadily unless bolstered by large-scale immigration of younger people. The homogeneous mass market that emerged in all rich countries after the Second World War has been youth-det
13、ermined from the start. It will now become middle-age-determined, or perhaps more likely it will split into two: a middle-age-determined mass market and a much smaller youth-determined one. And because the supply of young people will shrink, creating new employment patterns to attract and hold the g
14、rowing number of older people (especially older educated people) will become increasingly important. Knowledge is all The next society will be a knowledge society. Knowledge will be its key resource, and knowledge workers will be the dominant group in its workforce. Its three main characteristics wi
15、ll be: - Borderlessness, because knowledge travels even more effortlessly than money. - Upward mobility, available to everyone through easily acquired formal education. - The potential for failure as well as success. Anyone can acquire the “means of production“, i. e, the knowledge required for the
16、job, but not everyone can win. Together, those three characteristics will make the knowledge society a highly competitive one, for organizations and individuals alike. Information technology, although only one of many new features of the next society, is already having one hugely important effect: i
17、t is allowing knowledge to spread near-instantly, and making it accessible to everyone. Given the ease and speed at which information travels, every institution in the knowledge society-not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly government agencies too- has to be
18、 globally competitive, even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets. This is because the Internet will keep customers everywhere informed on what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price. This new knowledge economy will rely heavily o
19、n knowledge workers. At present, this term is widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning: doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants, chemical engineers. But the most striking growth will be in “knowledge technologists“ computer technicians, software designers,
20、analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing technologists, paralegals. These people are as much manual workers as they are knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with their brains. But their manual work is based on a substantial amount of theoretical
21、knowledge which can be acquired only through formal education, not through an apprenticeship. They are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as “professionals“ . Just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant social and politi
22、cal force in the 20th century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social-and perhaps also political-force over the next decades. The new protectionism Structurally, too, the next society is already diverging from the society almost all of us still live in. The 20th century saw
23、 the rapid decline of the sector that had dominated society for 10,000 years: agriculture. In volume terms, farm production now is at least four or five times what it was before the First World War. But in 1913 farm products accounted for 70% of world trade, whereas now their share is at most 17%. I
24、n the early years of the 20th century, agriculture in most developed countries was the largest single contributor to GDP; now in rich countries its contribution has dwindled to the point of becoming marginal. And the farm population is down to a tiny proportion of the total. Manufacturing has travel
25、ed a long way down the same road. Since the Second World War, manufacturing output in the developed world has probably tripled in volume, but inflation adjusted manufacturing prices have fallen steadily, whereas the cost of prime knowledge products-health care and education-has tripled, again adjust
26、ed for inflation. The relative purchasing power of manufactured goods against knowledge products is now only one-fifth or one-sixth of what it was 50 years ago. Manufacturing employment in America has fallen from 35% of the workforce in the 1950s to less than half that now, without causing much soci
27、al disruption. But it may be too much to hope for an equally easy transition in countries such as Japan or Germany, where blue-collar manufacturing workers still make up 25-30% of the labor force. The decline of farming as a producer of wealth and of livelihoods has allowed farm protectionism to spr
28、ead to a degree that would have been unthinkable before the Second World War. In the same way, the decline of manufacturing will trigger an explosion of manufacturing protectionism-even as lip service continues to be paid to free trade. This protectionism may not necessarily take the form of traditi
29、onal tariffs, but of subsidies, quotas and regulations of all kinds. Even more likely, regional blocks will emerge that trade freely internally but are highly protectionist externally. The European Union, NAFFA and Mercosur already point in that direction. The future of the corporation Statistically
30、, multinational companies play much the same part in the world economy as they did in 1913. But they have become very different animals. Multinationals in 1913 were domestic firms with subsidiaries abroad, each of them self-contained, in charge of a politically defined territory, and highly autonomo
31、us. Multinationals now tend to be organized globally along product or service lines. But like the multinationals of 1913, they are held together and controlled by ownership. By contrast, the multinationals of 2025 are likely to be held together and controlled by strategy. There will still be ownersh
32、ip, of course. But alliances, joint ventures, minority stakes, know-how agreements contracts will increasingly be the building blocks of a confederation. This kind of organization will need a new kind of top management. In most countries, and even in a good many large and complex companies, top mana
33、gement is still seen as an extension of operating management. Tomorrows top management, however, is likely to be a distinct and separate organ: it will stand for the company. One of the most important jobs ahead for the top management of he big company of tomorrow, and especially of the multinationa
34、l, will be to balance the conflicting demands on business being made by the need for both short-term and long-term results, and by the corporations various constituencies: customers, shareholders, knowledge employees and communities. 2 The new society will be much more important than the new economy
35、 only in the developed countries. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 In another 25 years people will have to keep working as full-time employees until their mid- 70s if health permits. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Nowadays in China, because of the population policy, the birth rate has decreased. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C）
36、NG 5 In developed countries, the issue of immigration will become important politically. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The dominant part in the next societys work force is 7 _ makes knowledge spread rapidly and available to everyone. 8 _ had dominated society for 10,000 years but declined rapidly in the 2
37、0th century. 9 In order to adjust for inflation, the cost of _ which are the main knowledge products was tripled. 10 Multinationals in 1913 were composed of a domestic firms and its self-contained and autonomous 11 Top management in the Next society will be a _ organ. Section A Directions: In this s
38、ection, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read
39、 the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） His paycheck is late. （ B） The book bag is too expensive. （ C） He cant lend the woman any money. （ D） The woman doesnt need a new book bag. （ A） Both games are played worldwide. （ B） Chess is more difficult. （ C） Both
40、games can be learnt by children. （ D） He cant compare the two games. （ A） Monday morning. （ B） Monday afternoon. （ C） Wednesday morning. （ D） Friday afternoon. （ A） The woman should return his tape player by Friday. （ B） The woman should buy him a new tape player. （ C） By Friday he should be able to
41、 borrow a tape player. （ D） He cant wait until Friday for his tape player. （ A） He doesnt go on a diet recently. （ B） He usually takes his weight to work. （ C） He has put on much weight. （ D） He eats chocolate time and again. （ A） They have to buy some umbrellas. （ B） They should go back and get the
42、 umbrella. （ C） They should stop traveling. （ D） They can go on traveling. （ A） He cant see very well. （ B） Hes not feeling well. （ C） His eye doesnt hurt very much. （ D） His eye isnt healing very quickly. （ A） Customer and clerk. （ B） Professor and student. （ C） Boss and employee. （ D） Lawyer and c
43、lient. （ A） A businessman in a store. （ B） A wander in the street. （ C） Amateur detective. （ D） A man with plain clothes. （ A） Fifteen cigarette fighters. （ B） Fifty cigarette lighters. （ C） Sixty lipsticks. （ D） An identity card. （ A） At last, the man gave a break to the woman. （ B） The woman was a
44、rrested by the man. （ C） The man gave choices to the woman. （ D） The man missed the woman. （ A） Same height. （ B） Same friends. （ C） Same number of children. （ D） Same university. （ A） She married twice. （ B） She does not like baby. （ C） She likes to do housework. （ D） She envies her sister. （ A） Ma
45、nager. （ B） Teacher. （ C） Engineer. （ D） Journalist. （ A） Same gene, same life. （ B） Identical twins also have very different lives. （ C） The element of environment is more important. （ D） None of the above. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each pa
46、ssage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Nothing. （ B） A lot. （ C） Hardly anything. （ D） A little. （ A） They were able to fly it in the
47、 air. （ B） They were able to stay up in the air for half an hour and more in the machine. （ C） They were able to carry travelers. （ D） They were able to fly in around Dayton. （ A） The newspapermen didnt believe what people told them about the flights. （ B） The Government didnt give the Rights any mo
48、ney. （ C） The Government didnt know the Rights had already built up an airplane, （ D） At the time it seemed no one could understand them. （ A） Helplessness. （ B） Anger. （ C） Fear. （ D） Sorrow. （ A） Children under 11. （ B） Teenagers. （ C） Adults. （ D） Old people. （ A） They may fail to feel secure lat
49、er in the life. （ B） They may become bad-tempered. （ C） They may develop mental problems. （ D） They may lose trust in the society. （ A） The population of elderly people. （ B） Nuclear weapon. （ C） Violence in crime. （ D） Living standards. （ A） Growth of violence on TV. （ B） Destructive threat from nuclear explosives. （ C） Decreasing of moral standards. （ D） All of the above. （ A） People are more destructive. （ B） People are more selfish. （ C） People do what they preach now. （ D） People do not have mora
