1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 448及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My Viewpoint On Wide-spread SMS (Short Message Service). You, should write at least 150 words following the outline given, below: 1. 现在越来越多的年轻人把手机短信作为交流的主要渠道 2.
2、 使用手机雉的利与弊 3. 我的观点 My Viewpoint on Wide-spread SMS 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the sta
3、tement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part you will have 15 min
4、utes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions, on, Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The East India Company The concept of cor
5、porations was first established under ancient Roman law. But it wasnt until England emerged from the Middle Ages that it created what we recognize as the modern corporate structure. It all began on Dec. 31,1600, when Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to the British East India Corporation, naming t
6、he corporation“ The Governor and Company of Merchants of London, trading with the East Indies“. The corporation conducted business in the East Indies (land that we now consider India and the Middle East) at the order of the queen. The East India Company established a few major precedents for modern
7、corporations. But it also shaped the world in countless other ways. With both the financial and military support of the Crown, the EIC served as an instrument of imperialism (帝国主义 ) for England. The company had its own private army and raised soldiers in the areas it conquered. Its expansionism spur
8、red several wars that produced at least two sovereign nations. Among its many claims to fame (and notoriety), the EIC indirectly built Yale University, helped create two nations and was the worlds 1orgest drug-dealing operation in the 18th century. The company was ruthless (无情的 )in its quest for pro
9、fits. Parliament even called the EIC tyrannical(残暴的 ). However, without the EIC, England may have never developed into the nation it is today. The Creation of the East India Company When the British East India Company (EIC) was formed in 1600, there were already other East India Companies operating
10、on behalf of France, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal. Thanks to the naval route that explorer Vasco da Gama discovered, riches from the Orient were pouring into Europe. With other nations importing fortunes in goods and plunder, Queen Elizabeth decided England should get some, too. So she grante
11、d the charter for the East India Company. The charter she issued created the first official joint-stock corporation. A joint-stock corporation is composed of investors who are granted shares in a company. In return for their initial Investments, shareholders are given dividends, or percentages, of t
12、he companys profits based on the number of shares the investor holds. Shares and dividends were not new Concepts in. England. Twenty years prior to the EIC s charter, Queen Elizabeth was already a major stakeholder In Sir Francis Drakes ship, the Golden Hind. Although its not certain how much she ma
13、de from Drakes voyages to the New World, the captain himself made a 5 000 percent return on his initial investment. So a joint-stock corporation like the one Queen Elizabeth formed in the East India Company wasnt much of a financial leap. But it was the first of its kind, and following the establish
14、ment of the EIC,its Dutch, French and other competitors followed suit. But granting charter to the EIC wasnt the only part of the prototype for modern corporations that Queen Elizabeth devised. Under the support of her royal authority, Elizabeth also limited the liability of the EIC s investors-incl
15、uding hers. This made the company the worlds first limited liability corporation (abbreviated as LLC in the United States and Ltd. in the United Kingdom). Under an LLC, the investors in a corporation are granted protection from losing any more money than their initial investments in the venture. If
16、the company goes under, the investors only lose the amount of money they put into the LLC. The companys outstanding debts arent divided up among its investors. Although it took several decades for the East India Company to become truly profitable, once it did, the company rose to global domination-b
17、oth in business and in government. In a symbiotic way, as the company grew in power, so, too, did England. So its no surprise that during its existence, the company was directly involved in major geopolitical changes: The EIC literally changed the course of history. Two nations, India and the United
18、 States, revolted against East India Company rule, which led to the establishment of their current political structures. The East India Company and the United States American and British schoolchildren are taught about the notorious Tea Act of 1773, which led to the rebellious Boston Tea Party. But
19、exactly why the Boston colonists threw thousands of pounds of tea into Boston Harbor may be less clear. Its actually due to a secret agreement between the government and the East India Company. The Tea Act was designed by Parliament specifically to help the EIC unload the millions of pounds of unsol
20、d tea in its English warehouses. The Americas were the designated recipients of the surplus tea. The Tea Act withdrew any taxes levied on the EIC for the tea it stored and sold-but it maintained the tax on all other tea sold in the colonies. This was equal to outlawing (宣布为不合法 ) tea from any source
21、other than the EIC, including small, colonial tea outfits. It would be like the United States government forcing all of todays Americans to purchase Apple computers only. Ultimately, the Tea Act allowed the EIC to drive its competition out of business. Colonists deemed this an unfair practice-govern
22、ment was supporting one businesss interests at the expense of the liberty-and it gave rise to the famous slogan“ no taxation without representation“. Rather than agree to this corporate/government secret agreement, about 150 colonists dumped the EIC s new shipment of tea into Boston Harbor. The Engl
23、ish government showed its allegiance to the East India Company when Parliament demanded that colonists reimburse(偿还 ) the company for the nearly $ i million (in 21st-century dollars) worth of tea. To enforce this demand, the British Navy was called in to blockade the harbor. The tension created by t
24、his situation directly led the colonists into the Revolutionary War. The East India Company and India Perhaps it was being stationed halfway across the world from the East India Companys home offices in London. Or maybe it was the potential for wealth afforded by Indias riches. Either way, Elihu Yal
25、e (the benefactor for whom Yale University is named) was tempted into .building his own smuggling operation. His dismissal from his post as the EIC governor of Madras was a light sentence compared to the fates of others who ran afoul of the company. Perhaps Yale got away with his life because of the
26、 work hed done on behalf of the EIC. Thanks to factories (colonies or settlements) nm by men tike Yale ,the East India Company was able to subjugate India and its tribal rulers. The company built forts in India to house its private army. The EIC also raised soldiers from within the native population
27、s. With the establishment of martial rule (the government set up in a land occupied by military) profits could be garnered easily. Perhaps the most profitable export for the companys India operations was opium (鸦片 ). By 1750, the EIC had established control over Indias most productive sites of opium
28、 cultivation. By 1793, Britain had a monopoly on opium, and no Indian grower was allowed to sell his crops to any other company, The British colonialism carried out through the EIC was pretty brutal. It included the forceful seizure of land and deposing of rulers. Tribute, taxes and loyally were ext
29、racted from average citizens through methods. up to and including torture. Ultimately, the British presence proved to be unacceptable for some Indians. A number of sepoys (native Indians who joined the EICs militia) revolted against the EICs rule during the. Sepoy Rebellion of 1857. Some historians
30、consider this Indias first war for independence, even though it was queued by the British army. Afterward, Great Britain officially occupied the country. India would remain an English colony until 1947, when it became a constitutional republic. The eventual creation of modern-day India and the Unite
31、d States are but two major world events that have the East India Companys fingerprints. It would be nearly impossible to trace the entire legacy-both positive and negative impacts-that the East India Company had on the world. With direct involvement in so many different aspects of our world, perhaps
32、 the question isnt “how did the East India Company change the world“, but “how didnt it?“ 2 The establishment of the modern corporate structure started _. （ A） from early seventeenth century （ B） from the Middle Ages （ C） under ancient Roman law （ D） from the ending of the industrial revolution 3 Wh
33、at did the East India Company get from British sovereign at its expansion? （ A） The qualification of establishing its branches. （ B） The permission to build Yale University. （ C） Financial as well as military support. （ D） The private army to protect its employees. 4 Why did Queen Elizabeth want to
34、establish the EIC ? （ A） Because she wanted to learn the corporation style of France. （ B） Because she wanted to follow Vasco da Gamas route. （ C） Because she needed fortunes to conquer other European countries. （ D） Because she wanted to share fortunes with other European countries. 5 A joint-stock
35、 corporation allows people to _. （ A） divide the corporations property （ B） hold shares of the corporation （ C） return their percentage back to the corporation （ D） divide their initial investments to a corporation 6 A limited liability corporation protects investors in that _. （ A） they lose only t
36、he first sum of money put in the corporation （ B） they only divide equally the corporation debts （ C） they neednt pay tax to the government （ D） they can put more investment into the corporation 7 What advantages did EIC get from the Tea Act? （ A） EIC didnt have to pay taxes for the tea it had. （ B）
37、 Only EIC could sell tea to the American colonies. （ C） EIC finally won the trust of the British government. （ D） EIC got a huge amount of tea from the American colonies. 8 How did people in colonies respond to the Tea Act? （ A） They showed their loyalty to the British government. （ B） They were ded
38、icated to the Revolutionary War. （ C） They paid nearly $1 million to the EIC. （ D） They threw a huge amount of tea into Boston Harbor. 9 Yale University is named after Elihu Yale, who once worked for EIC as _. 10 Since Britain got the exclusive control on opium, Indian growers must sell their crops
39、to _. 11 It was not until 1947 that India became _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken on
40、ly once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He doesnt want to lend his sleeping bag to Fred. （ B） Fred should borrow the sleeping bag from somebody else. （ C） Fred has successfull
41、y borrowed a sleeping hag. （ D） Fred has bought a sleeping bag at the gym. （ A） He likes to drink two cups of coffee before the professors class. （ B） One cup of coffee is enough for him to keep awake in the class. （ C） The professors class is very interesting. （ D） The professors class is very bori
42、ng. （ A） She hasnt seen her sister for years. （ B） She has no time to enjoy the scene of the mountain. （ C） She is eager to go back to Colorado for the scene. （ D） She is so busy that she has no time to climb tile mountain. （ A） He will take part in the party. （ B） He will continue to study in the b
43、edroom. （ C） He will continue to study in the dinning room. （ D） He will go to have dinner instead of studying. （ A） She should phone the post office for her request in the morning. （ B） She can hire a mail carrier to help her. （ C） The post office doesnt offer this kind of service. （ D） The post of
44、fice will send the package to her in any case. （ A） He can go to the gym to have a bath. （ B） He can turn to the gym to have the water pipe repaired. （ C） He can go to the gym to consult the experts. （ D） He should buy a new pipe from the gyms. （ A） She can come back for registration a week later. （
45、 B） She can come back to see if there is a chance after the first week. （ C） She has to wait another time for registration. （ D） She should give up the class. （ A） He cant do anything about it. （ B） The temperature is just suitable for him. （ C） He will ask the maintenance for help. （ D） The woman s
46、hould bring more clothes. （ A） He is promoting the sales of something by telephone. （ B） He is talking with the woman on how to stay healthy. （ C） He is discussing with the woman on how to stay fit. （ D） He is talking with the woman about a fitness program. （ A） A subscription to a book. （ B） A barg
47、ain on dance lessons. （ C） A cheap airfare to Hawaii. （ D） A membership to sports club. （ A） She requests the man not to call her again. （ B） She requests the man to call her in a few days. （ C） She requests to change a salesman. （ D） She requests a cheaper price for what the man offers. （ A） Video
48、and online games. （ B） Hazards of a high-tech society. （ C） Relationships on campus. （ D） Internet additions. （ A） Because they lack self-discipline in their studies. （ B） Because they spend too much time on the Internet. （ C） Because they have not exerted their utmost. （ D） Because they have develo
49、ped poor relationships with teachers. （ A） The impulse to go online begins to affect other areas of life. （ B） One begins to feel anxious or depressed or lonely if online. （ C） One isnt looking forward to being connected with other people online. （ D） One is likely to be violent or crazy or aggressive if not online. （ A） To have some sort of balance in life. （ B） To keep off the Internet completely. （ C） To develop some sort of healthy recreations. （ D） To have a face-to-face talk with a psy
