1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 474 及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Adaptation of the Classics. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 近来，许多经典名著被改写成各种版本以供大众娱乐 2这种现象产生的原因 3我的看法 On the Ad
2、aptation of the Classics 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the inf
3、ormation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Scientists Worry Machines May Outsmart Man A robot that can open doors and find electrical outlets to recharge itself. Com
4、puter viruses that no one can stop. “Predator“ fighters, which, though still controlled remotely by humans, come close to a machine that can kill autonomously. Impressed and alarmed by advances in artificial intelligence, a group of computer scientists is debating whether there should be limits on r
5、esearch that might lead to loss of human control over computer-based systems that carry a growing share of societys workload, from waging war to chatting with customers on the phone. Their concern is that further advances could create profound social disruptions and even have dangerous consequences.
6、 As examples, the scientists pointed to a number of technologies as diverse as experimental medical systems that interact with patients to simulate sympathy, and computer worms and viruses that defy extermination (消灭 ) and could thus be said to have reached a “cockroach“ stage of ma chine intelligen
7、ce. While the computer scientists agreed that we are a long way from Hal, the computer that took over the spaceship in “2001: A Space Odyssey,“ they said there was legitimate concern that technological progress would transform the work force by destroying a widening range of jobs, as well as force h
8、umans to learn to live with machines that increasingly copy human behaviors. The researchersleading computer scientists, artificial intelligence researchers and roboticists who met at the Asilomar Conference Grounds on Monterey Bay in Californiagenerally dismissed the possibility of highly centraliz
9、ed superintelligences and the idea that intelligence might spring spontaneously from the Internet. But they agreed that robots that can kill autonomously are either already here or will be soon. They focused particular attention on the specter that criminals could exploit artificial intelligence sys
10、tems as soon as they were developed. What could a criminal do with a speech synthesis system that could disguise as a human being? What happens if artificial intelligence technology is used to mine personal information from smart phones? The researchers also discussed possible threats to human jobs,
11、 like self-driving cars, software based personal assistants and service robots in the home. Just last month, a service robot developed by Willow Garage in Silicon Valley proved it could navigate the real world. A report from the conference, which took place in private on Feb.25, is to be issued late
12、r this year. Some attendees discussed the meeting for the first time with other scientists this month and in interviews. The conference was organized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (A.A.A.I.), and in choosing Asilomar for the discussions, the group purposefully evo
13、ked a landmark event (里程碑式事件 ) in the history of science. In 1975, the worlds leading biologists also met at Asilomar to discuss the new ability to reshape life by swapping genetic material among organisms. Concerned about possible biohazards and ethical questions, scientists had halted certain expe
14、riments. The conference led to guidelines for recombinant DNA research, enabling experimentation to continue. The meeting on the future of artificial intelligence was organized by Eric Horvitz, a Microsoft researcher who is now president of the association. Dr. Horvitz said he believed computer scie
15、ntists must respond to the notions of superintelligent machines and artificial intelligence systems run amok (横行 ). The idea of an “intelligence explosion“ in which smart machines would design even more intelligent machines was proposed by the mathematician I.J.Good in 1965. Later, in lectures and s
16、cience fiction novels, the computer scientist Vernor Vinge popularized the notion of a moment when humans will create smarter-than-human machines, causing such rapid change that the “human era will be ended.“ He called this shift the Singularity. This vision, embraced in movies and literature, is se
17、en as plausible and unnerving by some scientists like William Joy, co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Other technologists, notably Raymond Kurzweil, have welcome the coming of ultrasmart machines, saying they will offer huge advances in life extension and wealth creation. “Something new has taken place
18、 in the past five to eight years,“ Dr. Horvitz said. “Technologists are providing almost religious visions, and their ideas are resonating in some ways with the same idea of the Rapture.“ The Kurzweil version of technological utopia has captured imaginations in Silicon Valley. This summer an organiz
19、ation called the Singularity University began offering courses to prepare a “cadre“ to shape the advances and help society cope with the complications. “My sense was that sooner or later we would have to make some sort of statement or assessment, given the rising voice of the technorati and people v
20、ery concerned about the rise of intelligent machines,“ Dr. Horvitz said. The A.A.A.I. report will try to assess the possibility of “the loss of human control of computer-based intelligences.“ It will also grapplez (抓住 ), Dr. Horvitz said, with socioeconomic, legal and ethical issues, as well as prob
21、able changes in human-computer relationships. How would it be, for example, to relate to a machine that is as intelligent as your spouse? Dr. Horvitz said the panel was looking for ways to guide research so that technology im proved society rather than moved it toward a technological catastrophe. So
22、me research might, for instance, be conducted in a high-security laboratory. The meeting on artificial intelligence could be vital to the future of the field. Paul Berg, who was the organizer of the 1975 Asilomar meeting and received a Nobel Prize for chemistry, in 1980, said it was important for sc
23、ientific communities to engage the public before alarm and op position becomes unshakable. “If you wait too long and the sides become entrenched like with G.M.O.,“ he said, referring to genetically modified foods, “then it is very difficult. Its too complex, anti people talk right past each other.“
24、Toni Mitchell, a professor of artificial intelligence and machine learning at Carnegie Mellon University, said the February meeting had changed his thinking. “I am very. optimistic about the future of A.I. and thinking that Bill Joy and Ray Kurzweil were far off in their predictions,“ he said. But,
25、he added, “The meeting made me want to be more outspoken about these issues and in particular be outspoken about the vast amounts of data collected about our personal lives.“ Despite his concerns, Dr. Horvitz said he was hopeful that artificial intelligence research would benefit humans, and perhaps
26、 even compensate for human failings. He recently demonstrated a voice-based system that he designed to ask patients about their symptoms and to respond with sympathy. When a mother said her child was having diarrhea, the face on the screen said, “Oh no, sorry to hear that.“ A physician told him afte
27、rward that it was wonderful that the system responded to human emotion. “Thats a great idea,“ Dr. Horvitz said he was told. “I have no time for that.“ 2 A group of scientists is debating whether there should be limits on research of _. （ A） robots for civil use （ B） military computers （ C） artificia
28、l intelligence （ D） biochemical weapons 3 When computer viruses reach the “cockroach“ stage of machine intelligence, the viruses _. （ A） become diversified （ B） become infectious （ C） are easily destroyed （ D） are difficult to kill 4 The researchers who met at the Asilomar Conference Grounds agreed
29、that robots will soon _. （ A） be smarter than human beings （ B） be able to control themselves （ C） be more popular than the Internet （ D） be able to take over all our work 5 Researchers assumed that self-driving cars may be a threat to _. （ A） the transportation industry （ B） our safety on the road
30、（ C） vehicle production （ D） our employment 6 Asilomar has been regarded as a landmark in the history of science since the worlds leading biologists met there to discuss _. （ A） genetic issues （ B） world peace （ C） artificial intelligence （ D） the origin of life 7 Who used the term Singularity to re
31、fer to the era when human beings are replaced? （ A） A mathematician. （ B） A computer scientist. （ C） A science-fiction writer. （ D） A computer entrepreneur. 8 Raymond Kurzweil thinks that ultrasmart machines are _. （ A） unimaginable （ B） life-threatening （ C） advantageous （ D） unacceptable 9 Some re
32、search might be conducted in a high-security laboratory in order to avoid _. 10 Before the February meeting, Tom Mitchell had been _ about the future of A. 11 Dr. Horvitz recently demonstrated a voice based system that could show _ to patients. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8
33、short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked
34、 A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He doesnt usually get up at 7:00. （ B） He doesnt know the way to the theater. （ C） He wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam. （ D） He leaves the theater before the movie is over. （ A） He took photos in a photographers studio. （ B） The photo
35、s are cheaper in the post office. （ C） He took one picture of himself in the library. （ D） The library, has a photographers studio. （ A） Its a way to make friends. （ B） It makes her restless. （ C） Its a waste of time. （ D） It helps relieve stress. （ A） Shes upset that she missed the television progr
36、am. （ B） She doesnt think the television program was funny. （ C） She doesnt like talking about television programs. （ D） She watched the television program at a friends house. （ A） The man is not suitable for the position. （ B） The job has been given to someone else. （ C） She hadnt received the mans
37、 application. （ D） Theres no vacancy for teaching assistant. （ A） In San Francisco. （ B） At an airport. （ C） At a travel agency. （ D） In a post office. （ A） Pierre is their new teacher. （ B） They like Marie better than Pierre. （ C） They think the class is very boring. （ D） Marie is their last term t
38、eacher. （ A） To find a word in the dictionary. （ B） To tell him the alphabet. （ C） To teach him written English. （ D） To buy a dictionary for him. （ A） Neutral. （ B） Cautious. （ C） Favorable. （ D） Negative. （ A） It gives us sufficient information. （ B） It gives misleading information. （ C） It lets u
39、s know the best product. （ D） It fails to convince people. （ A） Advertisers. （ B） Manufacturers. （ C） Customers. （ D） Sellers. （ A） To organize activities for children. （ B） To sell local farm products. （ C） To bring tourists to the town. （ D） To raise fund for the hospital. （ A） In various tents. （
40、 B） In university buildings. （ C） In a hospital. （ D） In an auditorium. （ A） Play in a band. （ B） Work at the auction. （ C） Sell refreshments. （ D） Collect tickets. （ A） He thinks its mainly for children. （ B） He feels it would be worthwhile. （ C） He believes it is too complicated. （ D） He thinks it
41、 may not be very profitable. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices
42、marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Its popularity. （ B） Its philosophy. （ C） Its perspective. （ D） Its briskness. （ A） Because they offer original ideas. （ B） Because they offer the world new philosophies. （ C） Because they are morally instructive. （ D） Because they express the ideas in an interesting way.
43、（ A） Introducing readers to unfamiliar situations. （ B） Reminding readers of the truth. （ C） Informing people new scientific development. （ D） Telling people how to serve their communities. （ A） The group rinsing(漱口 ) with carbohydrate drinks. （ B） The group rinsing with sugar-free water. （ C） The g
44、roup swallowed carbohydrate drinks. （ D） The group swallowed sugar-free water. （ A） The heart. （ B） The muscles. （ C） The brain. （ D） The legs. （ A） Riders rinsing with carbohydrate liquids made less effort than those rinsing with water. （ B） The heart rates of riders rinsing with carbohydrate liqui
45、ds are lower than those rinsing with water. （ C） Rinsing with carbohydrate liquids helps sport players fight fatigue. （ D） Swallowing carbohydrate liquids makes sports players less tired. （ A） Adding GPS, 3G, a higher-resolution camera. （ B） Adding some fringe benefits that make it appealing. （ C） I
46、ncluding operability with more wireless carriers. （ D） Using less expensive but powerful chips （ A） Apple. （ B） Energy Star. （ C） Sony. （ D） Microsoft. （ A） Product with lower energy consumption. （ B） Product without flaws. （ C） Product draining the worlds energy resources. （ D） Product shocked game
47、-playing crowd. （ A） Pumping up the graphics prowess of their panels. （ B） Producing active game play. （ C） Moving computer game in a new direction. （ D） The success will go unchallenged. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the fir
48、st time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For
49、these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Man lives in communities. His social existence restricts his【 B1】 _ in certain directions and extends it in others. Society【 B2】 _ on him some limitations. People do not all engage in the same activities. They can be【 B3】 _ from each other by the functions they perform. This process of differentiation is called specialization. Specialization prevents many members of an industrial so
