1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 477及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the State Interfere with Peoples Smoking Habits? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 现在许多国家和地区纷纷颁布禁烟法令，禁止公民在餐厅、酒吧、商
2、店、办公场所等吸烟 2. 你对禁烟令是支持还是反对，并说出理由 Should the State Interfere with Peoples Smoking Habits? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questi
3、ons 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Depression In bed, you toss and turn, unable to get a good
4、nights sleep. You feel anxious and worried. Theres plenty to do, but the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You dont even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,“ but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty concentrating and making decisions.
5、 When you look in the mirror, you hate yourself. You are definitely in one of lifes valleys you are depressed. Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless that you cant function normally
6、 in everyday life. Types of Depression Depression can range from a mild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior, Its important to understand the various types of depression so that you can recognize them. Depression occurs at all ages, although major depressive episodes peak between the ages
7、of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About half of those who experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people, episodes of depression are separated by several years, while others suffer groups of episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, s
8、uch individuals feel well. Major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults or 6.7 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and older in a given year. Major depressive disorder is more common in women than in men. Although treatment can help more than 80 percent of pe
9、ople with severe depression, most people with depression do not seek treatment. - Reactive depression. This type of depression is a reaction to stressful eventsdivorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experience. The
10、 person is unable to recover normally from the feelings associated with the event. Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages. - Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). If you live in the northern latitudes and suffer depression during the wi
11、nter months, you may suffer from seasonal affective disorder caused by a lack of exposure to sunlight. Doctors arent sure exactly what physiological mechanisms are at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hormone me
12、ltonin. SAD sufferers feel lethargic and irritable. They may also suffer from chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “womans depression,“ in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since about ha
13、lf of all SAD sufferers have relatives who also suffer from SAD or other emotional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited. - Biochemical depression. Doctors arent sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. Its likely that th
14、is type of depression is caused by biochemical problems within the brain. The problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem. - Disease or drug-related
15、 depression. Some diseases such as AIDS, stroke, chronic pain, and hypothyroidism (甲状腺功能减退 ) can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland (甲状腺 ) malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hypoth
16、yroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain, impaired memory, and shortness of breath. Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone. Certain drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers (镇定剂 ), and heart and blood pres
17、sure medications, as well as withdrawal from some street drugs like cocaine, can cause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed. And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression. - Teenage depression.
18、Recognizing depression in children is important. Depression in teenagers may appear somewhat different from adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young peopl
19、e become overwhelmed by peer pressures and feelings of isolation and powerlessness. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decrease i
20、n his or her ability to cope effectively. (As is the case for adults, treatment for depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.) Causes of Depression Depression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, an
21、d age. Additionally, an individuals self-confidence, personality traits such as dependency on others or perfectionism and unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to de pression. Many people with major depression a
22、lso suffer from intense anxiety. - Theories of Depression. There are many theories about the causes of depression. The social learning theory, suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory, s
23、uggests that a significant loss (such as of a parent) or a withdrawal of affection in childhood (whether real or perceived) may lead to depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expec
24、tations of oneself and others and loss of sell-esteem are essential components leading to depression. Some individuals may be biologically predisposed to depression; in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions
25、in the body that are controlled by these genes. Depression often runs in families. For example, if one identical twin suffers from depression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness. - Environmental Influences. Researchers view depression as the result of interaction betwe
26、en environmental and biological factors. Depression can be endogenous (internally caused) or exogenous (related to outside events). Major changes in ones environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Feeling depresse
27、d in response to these changes is normal, but when it becomes a severe long term condition (longer than one month) and interferes with effective functioning, it requires treatment. Some environmental factors relating to depression include being unemployed, poor, elderly, or alone. Depression changes
28、 ones way of looking at ordinary life circumstances. A depressed person tends to exaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed. Symptoms of Depression How do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself and others? People who suffer fro
29、m depression have a number of symptoms nearly every day, all day, tor at least two weeks. De pressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep or excessive
30、need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of appetite or compulsive eating, loss of sexual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt. Many depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem endless and
31、 do not get better with happy events or good news. Some depressed people are so disabled by their condition that they dont have enough energy to call a friend, relative, or medical professional for help. If another person calls for them. these people may refuse to go because they have no hope that t
32、hey can be helped. However, family and friends should keep trying to get the depressed person to seek help, because up to 15 percent of those who suffer from severe clinical depression commit suicide. 2 Major depressive episodes happen to women earlier than men. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 People who su
33、ffer from groups of depressive episodes feel bad all the time. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 A large percentage of severe depression can he relieved or treated but in reality, most of them are not seriously taken. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 People who suffer from the reactive depression are very possibly una
34、ble to lead a normal life. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 Doctors assume that Seasonal Affective Disorder might occur when there is a higher degree of released _. 7 Some middle-aged people tend to suffer from Biochemical depression which might result from _ within the brain. 8 Just like fatigue and weaknes
35、s, depression is one symptom of_. 9 Treatment for depression in teenagers as well as adults requires _. 10 According to interpersonal theory of depression; people might be mentally ill without enough _. 11 A depressed person might feel hopeless, helpless and overwhelmed if he is inclined to _ of lif
36、e. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a paus
37、e. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Outstanding teachers like Professor Johnson are rare. （ B） Professor Johnson has won a million dollars as an award. （ C） Professor Johnson is likely to get the benefits from the school
38、. （ D） There are many teachers as good as Professor Johnson. （ A） It was misleading. （ B） It was rather boring. （ C） It was enjoyable. （ D） It was just so-so. （ A） She has to change the time for the trip. （ B） She hasnt decided where to go next month. （ C） She cant afford the time for the trip. （ D）
39、 She will manage to leave this month. （ A） The apartment is better furnished. （ B） The woman prefers to live in a quiet place. （ C） Its less expensive to live in an apartment. （ D） The womans roommate is hard to get along with. （ A） At home. （ B） In a telephone booth. （ C） At a meeting. （ D） In the
40、hospital. （ A） Customer and salesperson. （ B） Teacher and student. （ C） Boss and secretary. （ D） Guest and waitress. （ A） He didnt buy anything while Tommy bought a lot. （ B） He got some medicine for his hurting foot. （ C） He twisted his foot and couldnt go shopping. （ D） He bought everything except
41、 the storybook. （ A） She didnt expect her daughter to sing so well. （ B） She sings better than her daughter. （ C） She doesnt like her daughter singing. （ D） She herself doesnt have a good voice. （ A） Looking for a person to talk to. （ B） Working on a troublemaking talking. （ C） Trying to understand
42、the two genders. （ D） Trying to understand friendship between women. （ A） Enthusiastic. （ B） Doubtful. （ C） Peaceful. （ D） Cautious. （ A） An effective tool to help form womens friendship. （ B） A way to understand friends. （ C） An access that a woman can express her troubles. （ D） An effective way to
43、 achieve something from womens friends. （ A） Help her prepare the presentation. （ B） Give her extra time to finish the report. （ C） Give her some advice on doing the report. （ D） Hand in her report next Wednesday. （ A） The professor will often extend the time limit for assignments. （ B） The students
44、 will gain extra scores for handing in assignments ahead of time. （ C） The professor will penalize lightly for late assignments. （ D） The students will lose scores by the day for late assignments. （ A） Sympathetic. （ B） Skeptical. （ C） Grateful. （ D） Indifferent. （ A） He lost everything including hi
45、s computer. （ B） He suffered from a serious car accident. （ C） He went abroad to join his family. （ D） He was transferred to another class. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questi
46、ons will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The weather will be fine. （ B） Rain will probably come. （ C） There will be a fog. （ D） Fine weather will continue. （ A） When there is a heavy rain. （ B） When fine
47、 weather continues. （ C） When a fog appears in the morning. （ D） When wet weather is coming. （ A） The following day will be rainy. （ B） Fine weather will continue. （ C） Rainy weather may approach. （ D） The rain will stop at once. （ A） Two foreigners were killed in a murder. （ B） A bomb exploded in t
48、he capital Cairo. （ C） Two motorcycles crashed into each other. （ D） A traffic accident happened in a market. （ A） Islamic militants. （ B） Not clear. （ C） German tourists. （ D） A motorcyclist. （ A） It happened in the Russian capital. （ B） More than 139 people were injured. （ C） The rescue operations
49、 were ineffective. （ D） It was caused by an act of terrorism. （ A） Worse than in the past. （ B） As bad as in the past. （ C） Not so dangerous as in the past. （ D） As necessary as in the past. （ A） The adoption of modern ideologies can stop war. （ B） The adoption of any ideology could prevent war. （ C） The adoption of some ideologies could prevent war. （ D） The adoption of any ideology cant stop war. （ A） Enhance the contests of force. （ B） Change peoples old mental habits. （
