1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 490及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 1目前社会上有不少依赖父母生活的 “啃老族 ”(“NEET”即 Not Currently Engaged in Education, Employment or Training) 2产生这种现象的原因 3我们大学生应该怎么做 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over
2、 the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not gi
3、ven in the passage. 2 Intellectual Property The phrase intellectual property (IP) refers to the bundle of legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind. IP rights play an important role in the economic prosperity of a country and serve as a motivating force for creative individu
4、als to share their genius with society. Like real and personal property rights protect ones ownership interest in tangible (有形的 ) objects, such as land and automobiles, IP rights protect ones ownership interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadw
5、ay play and the name or logo used to brand a product. Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. In this article, you will learn what intellectual property rights are and the differences between its various forms. General Introduction When
6、most people think of intellectual property rights, patents, trademarks and copyrights come to mind. This core set of IP rights reward and protect the creative works of inventors, authors, owners and sellers of goods and services in the marketplace. While the legal principles that underlie each of th
7、ese rights are distinct, they each share a common set of principles. An award of patent, trademark or copyright protection requires a delicate balance between the interests of the inventor or author and the interest of society as a whole. This balance is very much like the tradeoff required by zonin
8、g laws, which attempt to protect the ownership interest and exclusive right to use that a land owner has with societys interest in the limited use of the owners land for societys greater good. Public utility easements and right of ways are examples of this balance. The grant of a patent on an import
9、ant invention of a lifesaving drug represents a similar set of tradeoffs. Is it fair to the inventor to allow society free access to the patented drug? Is it fair to society to be denied access for its greater good? It is the role of intellectual property law to harmonize these seemingly conflicting
10、 interests. Intellectual property rights also foster a competitive marketplace. They do so by encouraging disclosure of innovation through protecting the fruits of that innovation for a period of time. Disclosure allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation so that the state of the art c
11、ontinues to evolve and develop. Without the benefits provided by intellectual property protection, the marketplace would not operate effectively. Imagine what the world would be like if every competitor had to continuously “reinvent the wheel“ rather than being able to refine and improve upon the wo
12、rks of others. Finally, intellectual property rights are regional in nature and the conditions of their grant and enforceability are governed by the laws of each jurisdiction (权限 ). A US patent can be only granted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States. A trademark can only be
13、 registered and enforced in Canada in accordance with the laws of Canada, and a copyright can only be registered and enforced in Mexico in accordance with its laws. While there is a desire to be somewhat uniform and consistent, countries have different approaches to intellectual property rights prot
14、ection. Variations in the procedure for obtaining IP rights account for a large percentage of these difference, rather than the differences in the substantive rights granted in each country. The words “patent“ and “trademark“ are often used interchangeably. Many times, we hear that a patent is used
15、to protect a logo and that a trademark is used to protect an invention, and vice versa. While patents and trademarks may be associated with the same product, the two words have very different meanings and refer to very different forms of intellectual property rights. They can seldom be used intercha
16、ngeably, as the underlying rights that each protects is quite different in nature. What Is a Patent? In general, a patent is used to protect the intellectual property rights associated with the design of a product or process. US patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and
17、 are enforceable only within the US and its possession. A US patent has no effect outside the US. A patent gives the patent owner the “exclusive right“ to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the product, or process of making the product, that is described by the patent claim
18、s. It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the patented invention himself. The patent owner has only the “exclusive right“ to stop others from doing so. In other words, just because you obtain a patent on your product does not mean that you can actua
19、lly use the product. You may be blocked by an earlier patent owner who exercises the “exclusive right“ granted to him under his patent. This is an important distinction and the following example will help to explain it. Suppose that the invention covered by your patent is a chair with four legs, a s
20、eat, a back and a pair of rockers-a rocking chair. Under your patent, you have the exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale your patented rocking chair. Lets assume, however, that the rockers on your rocking chair are unique and are covered by an earlier patent
21、 to someone else. The rocker patent owner has the exclusive right under his patent to stop others (including you) from using his patented rockers. Your use of the patented rockers on your rocking chair would constitute infringement (侵权 ) of the rocker patent. So while you received a patent for your
22、rocking chair, you will not be able to actually make, use, sell or offer for sale the chair without first obtaining permission from the rocker patent owner. The rocker patent owner is not required to give you permission, however, and can keep your rocking chair off the market if he chooses to do so.
23、 It might make better sense, of course, for the rocker patent owner to participate in your success by giving his permission in exchange for a licensing fee. The term for a patent is 20 years from the filing date of the patent application from which lead to the patent. What Are Trademarks? Like paten
24、ts, trademark registrations in the US are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. While a patent protects a product from unauthorized copying through thc patent owners exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the patented product, a trademark a
25、ddresses the need for product identification, or branding, among consumers of the product. Thus, a trademark has nothing to do with preventing a product from being copied. That is the role of a patent. The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a trademark as any word, name, symbol, or de
26、vice, or any combination, used, or intended to be used, in commerce to identify and distinguish the goods of one manufacturer or seller from goods manufactured or sold by others, and to indicate the source of the goods. In short, a trademark is a brand name. What Is a Copyright? A copyright protects
27、 the expression of an idea. Unlike a patent which protects the idea itself, the copyright protects only the expression. The idea of the chair with four legs discussed above can be protected by a patent. The expression of that idea through drawings, pictures and words can be protected by a copyright.
28、 In order to qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. To be original, the work: (1) must have been independently created by the author rather than being copied from other work(s) and, (2) must have at least a minimal degree of creativity. If these two conditions are n
29、ot met, the work will not qualify as being original and is not entitled to copyright protection. However, a work still qualifies for copyright protection even if it includes non-original elements. For example, if an author rearranges non-original elements in an original way, the compilation will be
30、considered to be original and qualified for copyright protection. Depending on when the work was created, the period of copyright protection begins when the work is created and terminates 70 years after the death of the author. 2 Which of the following do IP rights protect? （ A） Land. （ B） Automobil
31、e. （ C） Broadway. （ D） Logo. 3 When issuing IP protection, an important matter is _. （ A） the balance between the interests of the inventor or author and that of the society. （ B） the balance required by zoning laws （ C） the balance between the interests of land owners and that of the society （ D） t
32、he balance between the attempt of protection and the real practice 4 How does IP rights foster a competitive marketplace? （ A） They only offer protection for a certain period of time. （ B） They award people who improve their innovation. （ C） They provide a list of innovations for the society. （ D） T
33、hey make the invention of the wheel free to the public. 5 Where docs the countries difference approaches to IP rights protection lie? （ A） Desires for IP rights protection consistent. （ B） The procedure of obtaining IP rights. （ C） Substantive rights granted. （ D） Offices that grant the IP rights. 6
34、 Which of the following is TRUE about the U.S. paten? （ A） It only protects U. S. citizens. （ B） It only protects designs made in the c6untry. （ C） It only has effect within the country of U.S. （ D） It only allows the paten to be used in the country. 7 The inventor of the rocker chair may not be abl
35、e to launch the chair into the market because _. （ A） he hasnt applied for the patent （ B） he himself cant make many chairs （ C） the rocker in the chair is protected by the patent （ D） the rocker chair has not been proved to be safe 8 What can you learn about the trademark protection in the U. S. ?
36、（ A） It prevents a product from being copied. （ B） It tells the consumers what kind of product it is. （ C） It gives the inventor or author exclusive right. （ D） It is granted by the same office that grants the patent. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 l
37、ong conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide
38、which is the best answer. （ A） She doesnt know when they will go. （ B） She believes there is a road detour. （ C） She wont be ready at 8 oclock. （ D） She wants the man to go away. （ A） Eating in a cafeteria. （ B） Buying something in a store. （ C） Making telephone. （ D） Getting money at a bank. （ A） H
39、ell go if the woman goes too. （ B） He doubts if hell be able to go. （ C） Hes too tired to go. （ D） Hes eager to go. （ A） Run in town. （ B） Look more carefully. （ C） Buy shoes from a catalog. （ D） Find an easier place to exercise. （ A） In a doctors office. （ B） In an operating room. （ C） In a profess
40、ors office. （ D） In a gymnasium. （ A） Hed rather not go to the lecture. （ B） He doesnt mind if the woman goes to the lecture. （ C） He wants to hear the lecture. （ D） Hes heard the lecture before. （ A） There will be a lot of rain. （ B） Rain is very unlikely. （ C） Its already raining. （ D） Shes not su
41、re. （ A） Joe bought Freds car. （ B） The man is joking. （ C） Freds car is not good. （ D） The man wants Jacks car. （ A） To interview few job applicants. （ B） To fill a vacancy in the company. （ C） To advertise for a junior sales manager. （ D） To apply for a job in a major newspaper. （ A） A hardworking
42、 and ambitious young man. （ B） A young man good at managing his time. （ C） A graduate with practical working experience. （ D） A man with his own idea of what is important. （ A） Not clearly specified. （ B） Not likely to be met. （ C） Reasonable enough. （ D） Apparently nonexistent. （ A） She wants Micha
43、el to check about the ATM service. （ B） She wants to know why the elderly avoid using computerized banking services. （ C） She wants Michael to have a try with their automatic banking services. （ D） She wants more information about modern machines in banks. （ A） Because the services cost them more ti
44、me. （ B） Because the services are not as friendly as a bank clerk. （ C） Because they are not sure how to use the services. （ D） Because the clerks dont offer help for them. （ A） To provide some instructions for the elderly. （ B） To remind the elderly of the personal services in the bank. （ C） To ask
45、 the clerks to offer help for the elderly. （ D） To simplify the operation of computerized banking services. （ A） She thinks they are impractical. （ B） She thinks they are useful but too expensive. （ C） She thinks they are feasible. （ D） She thinks they are not instructive enough. Section B Direction
46、s: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The merits and drawba
47、cks of a large population. （ B） The disadvantages of a large population. （ C） The advantages of a small population. （ D） The rapidly growing world population. （ A） The level of education varies around the world. （ B） The economists attitudes to population differ greatly. （ C） The living standard var
48、ies from country to country. （ D） The countries attitudes to population differ greatly. （ A） Great pressure on housing. （ B） Rising demands of goods. （ C） The prosperity of the building industry. （ D） A declining market for goods. （ A） It will cover more big political affairs. （ B） It wont be printe
49、d in publishing houses. （ C） It will cover more scientific research. （ D） It will cover less disasters. （ A） Local and international news. （ B） A menu of political stories. （ C） The most important news. （ D） What you are interested in. （ A） They compete with each other. （ B） They do good to each other （ C） They focus on different news. （ D） They will die out. （ A） They do not know what to learn. （ B） They are too young to concentrate their attention for a long time. （ C） They are occupied with learning. （ D） They set up the
