1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 548及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Village Officials. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below： 1很多大学生选择到基层做村官 2人们对此观点各异 3我的看法 On Village Officials 二、 Part II Reading Comprehe
2、nsion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the sta
3、tement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Intellectual Property The phrase intellectual property (IP) refers to the bundle of legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind. IP rights play an impo
4、rtant role in the economic prosperity of a country and serve as a motivating force for creative individuals to share their genius with society. Like real and personal property rights protect ones ownership interest in tangible (有形的 ) objects, such as land and automobiles. IP rights protect ones owne
5、rship interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadway play and the name or logo used to brand a product. Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. In this article, you will learn what in
6、tellectual property rights are and the differences between its various forms. General Introduction When most people think of intellectual property rights, patents, trademarks and copyrights come to mind. This core set of IP rights reward and protect the creative works of inventors, authors, owners a
7、nd sellers of goods and services in the marketplace. While the legal principles that underlie each of these rights are distinct, they each share a common set of principles. An award of patent, trademark or copyright protection requires a delicate balance between the interests of the inventor or auth
8、or and the interest of society as a whole. This balance is very much like the tradeoff required by zoning laws, which attempt to protect the ownership interest and exclusive right to use that a land owner has with societys interest in the limited use of the owners land for societys greater good. Pub
9、lic utility easements and right of ways are examples of this balance. The grant of a patent on an important invention of a lifesaving drug represents a similar set of tradeoffs. Is it fair to the inventor to allow society free access to the patented drug? Is it fair to society to be denied access fo
10、r its greater good? It is the role of intellectual property law to harmonize these seemingly conflicting interests. Intellectual property rights also foster a competitive marketplace. They do so by encouraging disclosure of innovation through protecting the fruits of that innovation for a period of
11、time. Disclosure allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation so that the state of the art continues to evolve and develop. Without the benefits provided by intellectual property protection, the marketplace would not operate effectively. Imagine what the world would be like if every comp
12、etitor had to continuously “reinvent the wheel“ rather than being able to refine and improve upon the works of others. Finally, intellectual property rights are regional in nature and the conditions of their grant and enforceability are governed by the laws of each jurisdiction (管辖区域 ). A US patent
13、can be only granted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States. A trademark can only be registered and enforced in Canada in accordance with the laws of Canada, and a copyright can only be registered and enforced in Mexico in accordance with its laws. While there is a desire to be
14、 somewhat uniform and consistent, countries have different approaches to intellectual property rights protection. Variations in the procedure for obtaining IP rights account for a large percentage of these difference, rather than the differences in the substantive rights granted in each country. The
15、 words “patent“ and “trademark“ are often used interchangeably. Many times, we hear that a patent is used to protect a logo and that a trademark is used to protect an invention, and vice versa. While patents and trademarks may be associated with the same product, the two words have very different me
16、anings and refer to very different forms of intellectual property rights. They can seldom be used interchangeably, as the underlying rights that each protects is quite different in nature. What Is a Patent? In general, a patent is used to protect the intellectual property rights associated with the
17、design of a product or process. US patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and are enforceable only within the US and its possession. A US patent has no effect outside the US. A patent gives the patent owner the “exclusive right“ to stop others from making, using, selling
18、 or offering for sale the product, or process of making the product, that is described by the patent claims. It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the patented invention himself. The patent owner has only the “exclusive right“ to stop others from d
19、oing so. In other words, just because you obtain a patent on your product does not mean that you can actually use the product. You may be blocked by an earlier patent owner who exercises the“exclusive right“ granted to him under his patent. This is an important distinction and the following example
20、will help to explain it. Suppose that the invention covered by your patent is a chair with four legs, a seat, a back and a pair of rockers a rocking chair. Under your patent, you have the exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale your patented rocking chair. Let
21、s assume, however, that the rockers on your rocking chair are unique and are covered by an earlier patent to someone else. The rocker patent owner has the exclusive right under his patent to stop others (including you) from using his patented rockers. Your use of the patented rockers on your rocking
22、 chair would constitute infringement (侵权 ) of the rocker patent. So while you received a patent for your rocking chair, you will not be able to actually make, use, sell or offer for sale the chair without first obtaining permission from the rocker patent owner. The rocker patent owner is not require
23、d to give you permission, however, and can keep your rocking chair off the market if he chooses to do so. It might make better sense, of course, for the rocker patent owner to participate in your success, by giving his permission in exchange for a licensing fee. The term for a patent is 20 years fro
24、m the filing date of the patent application from which leads to the patent. What Are Trademarks? Like patents, trademark registrations in the US are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. While a patent protects a product from unauthorized copying through the patent owners exclusiv
25、e right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the patented product, a trademark addresses the need for product identification, or branding, among consumers of the product. Thus, a trademark has nothing to do with preventing a product from being copied. That is the role of a
26、 patent. The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a trademark as any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination, used, or intended to be used, in commerce to identify and distinguish the goods of one manufacturer or seller from goods manufactured or sold by others, and to indicat
27、e the source of the goods. In short, a trademark is a brand name. What Is a Copyright? A copyright protects the expression of an idea. Unlike a patent which protects the idea itself, the copyright protects only the expression. The idea of the chair with four legs discussed above can be protected by
28、a patent. The expression of that idea through drawings, pictures and words can be protected by a copyright. In order to qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. To be original, the work： (1) must have been independently created by the author rather than being copied f
29、rom other work(s) and, (2) must have at least a minimal degree of creativity. If these two conditions are not met, the work will not qualify as being original and is not entitled to copyright protection. However, a work still qualifies for copyright protection even if it includes non-original elemen
30、ts. For example, if an author rearranges non-original elements in an original way, the compilation will be considered to be original and qualified for copyright protection. Depending on when the work was created, the period of copyright protection begins when the work is created and terminates 70 ye
31、ars after the death of the author. 2 Which of the following do IP rights protect? （ A） Land. （ B） Automobile. （ C） Broadway. （ D） Logo. 3 When issuing IP protection, an important matter is the balance between_. （ A） the interests of the inventor or author and that of the society （ B） the interests o
32、f the author and that of the publisher （ C） the interests of land owners and that of the society （ D） the interests of protection and the real practice 4 How do IP rights foster a competitive marketplace? （ A） They only offer protection for a certain period of time. （ B） They award people who improv
33、e their innovations. （ C） They provide a list of innovations for the society. （ D） They make the invention of the wheel free to the public. 5 Whats the big difference among countries in IP rights protection? （ A） Desires for IP rights protection consistent. （ B） The procedure for obtaining IP rights
34、. （ C） Substantive rights granted. （ D） Offices that grant the IP rights. 6 What can we learn about the United States Patent? （ A） It only protects US citizens. （ B） It only protects designs made in the country. （ C） It only has effect within the US. （ D） It only allows the patent to be used in the
35、country. 7 The inventor of the rocker chair may not be able to launch the chair into the market because_. （ A） the author hasnt applied for the patent （ B） the author himself cant make many chairs （ C） the rocker in the chair is protected by the patent （ D） the rocker chair has not been proved to be
36、 safe 8 What can we learn about the trademark registrations in the US? （ A） They prevent a product from being copied. （ B） They tell the consumers what kind of product it is. （ C） They give the inventor or author exclusive right. （ D） They are granted by the same office that grants the patent. 9 The
37、 definition of trademark mentioned in the passage is made by_. 10 The patent protects the idea itself while the copyright is designed to protect_. 11 The period of copyright protection is decided by the time_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conv
38、ersations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is
39、 the best answer. （ A） Shell grasp the main things to pass the exam. （ B） Shell never catch up in that way. （ C） Its never too late to begin studying. （ D） He can help her with the preparation. （ A） The contract for online banking. （ B） The difference between cards and cash. （ C） The interest rate o
40、f banks. （ D） The use of credit cards. （ A） She has fulfilled her duty as a good energy saver. （ B） She should go to the utility office to have a check. （ C） She needs to cut down on her use of computer. （ D） She ought to shut down her computer at night. （ A） It requires procedures like cleaning and
41、 grinding. （ B） Few people carry their plastic garbage to recycling centres. （ C） There is a wide variety of plastics hard to sort out. （ D） Most plastic grocery bags cannot be recycled. （ A） The pleasing life in England. （ B） The ambition of Americans. （ C） The easy interpersonal relationship in En
42、gland. （ D） The cultural differences between England and America. （ A） Wearing braces will not improve Kathys appearance. （ B） Kathy should wear braces. （ C） Kathy should take care of her dental health. （ D） He would help Kathy straighten her teeth. （ A） George deserves a job of higher income. （ B）
43、George is promoted as marketing manager. （ C） George lies about the reason why he left the job. （ D） George should have called him before leaving. （ A） Britney is not as beautiful as she used to be. （ B） He regrets paying for the concert. （ C） The concerts are unsatisfactory. （ D） Britney is lucky t
44、o be a pop star. （ A） To design a productivity strategy for company. （ B） To design a website and create a brand. （ C） To copy and edit the newspapers. （ D） To update the information of business. （ A） The user. （ B） The information. （ C） The speed. （ D） The page. （ A） Because she could grasp the cus
45、tomers feeling. （ B） Because she has established successful brands. （ C） Because she is a skillful web designer. （ D） Because she links the brand to the customers. （ A） To gain some information about the professor. （ B） lb ask the tuition and locations of the course. （ C） To learn some details about
46、 the course. （ D） To sign up for the course for his roommates. （ A） They dry in a short time. （ B） They are easy to clean. （ C） They can be obtained conveniently. （ D） They are made from the superior oils. （ A） Do something like anyone else. （ B） Help less advanced classmates. （ C） Practice techniqu
47、es he has learned. （ D） Learn how to design and use colour. （ A） At 8 a. m. today. （ B） At 5 p. m. today. （ C） Next Monday morning. （ D） Next Monday afternoon. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the pa
48、ssage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Housewives and college students. （ B） Parents planning for childrens education. （ C） As many audience as possible. （ D） The wealthy business e
49、xecutives. （ A） Offering something other banks dont have. （ B） Giving free gifts to its customers. （ C） Showing detailed description of the services. （ D） Adopting completely new attitude to banking. （ A） Banks should introduce higher rates for savings to attract customers. （ B） People of all ages are eager to receive something for nothing. （ C） Advertisements in TV are more effective than in newspapers. （ D） It is quite a tough job to advertise for a bank. （ A） An unexpected event that happens. （ B） Our unders
