1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 562及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should We Give Gifts to Teachers on Teachers Day? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below. 1有人赞成在教师节给老师送礼 2有人则表示反对 3我认为 Should We Give Gift
2、s to Teachers on Teachers Day? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with t
3、he information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Scientists Worry Machines May Outsmart Man A robot that can open doors and find electrical outlets to recharge itsel
4、f. Computer viruses that no one can stop. Predator drones (a pilotless aircraft), which, though still controlled remotely by humans, come close to a machine that can kill autonomously. Impressed and alarmed by advances in artificial intelligence, a group of computer scientists is debating whether th
5、ere should be limits on research that might lead to loss of human control over computer-based systems that carry a growing share of societys workload, from waging war to chatting with customers on the phone. Their concern is that further advances could create profound social disruptions and even hav
6、e dangerous consequences. As examples, the scientists pointed to a number of technologies as diverse as experimental medical systems that interact with patients to simulate sympathy, and computer worms and viruses that defy elimination (清除 ) and could thus be said to have reached a “cockroach“ stage
7、 of machine intelligence. While the computer scientists agreed that we are a long way from Hal, the computer that took over the spaceship in “2001: A Space Odyssey,“ they said there was legitimate concern that technological progress would transform the work force by destroying a widening range of jo
8、bs, as well as force humans to learn to live with machines that increasingly copy human behaviors. The researchers leading computer scientists, artificial intelligence researchers and roboticists who met at the Asilomar Conference Grounds on Monterey Bay in California generally discounted the possib
9、ility of highly centralized superintelligences and the idea that intelligence might spring spontaneously from the Internet. But they agreed that robots that can kill autonomously are either already here or will be soon. They focused particular attention on the specter (幻象 ) that criminals could expl
10、oit artificial intelligence systems as soon as they were developed. What could a criminal do with a speech synthesis system that could disguise as a human being? What happens if artificial intelligence technology is used to mine personal information from smart phones? The researchers also discussed
11、possible threats to human jobs, like self-driving cars, software-based personal assistants and service robots in the home. Just last month, a service robot developed by Willow Garage in Silicon Valley proved it could navigate (航行 ) the real world. A report from the conference, which took place in pr
12、ivate on Feb. 25, is to be issued later this year. Some attendees discussed the meeting for the first time with other scientists this month and in interviews. The conference was organized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (A.A.A.I.), and in choosing Asilomar for the d
13、iscussions, the group purposefully evoked a landmark event in the history of science. In 1975, the worlds leading biologists also met at Asilomar to discuss the new ability to reshape life by swapping genetic material among organisms. Concerned about possible biohazards and ethical questions, scient
14、ists had halted certain experiments. The conference led to guidelines for recombinant (重组的 ) DNA research, enabling experimentation to continue. The meeting on the future of artificial intelligence was organized by Eric Horvitz, a Microsoft researcher who is now president of the association. Dr. Hor
15、vitz said he believed computer scientists must respond to the notions of superintelligent machines and artificial intelligence systems run amok (乱窜 ). The idea of an “intelligence explosion“ in which smart machines would design even more intelligent machines was proposed by the mathematician I. J. G
16、ood in 1965. Later, in lectures and science fiction novels, the computer scientist Vernor Vinge popularized the notion of a moment when humans will create smarter-than-human machines, causing such rapid change that the “human era will be ended.“ He called this shift the Singularity. This vision, emb
17、raced in movies and literature, is seen as plausible and unnerving by some scientists like William Joy, co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Other technologists, notably Raymond Kurzweil, have highly praised the coming of ultrasmart machines, saying they will offer huge advances in life extension and wea
18、lth creation. “Something new has taken place in the past five to eight years,“ Dr. Horvitz said. “Technologists are providing almost religious visions, and their ideas are resonating in some ways with the same idea of the Rapture.“ The Kurzweil version of technological Utopia (乌托邦 ) has captured ima
19、ginations in Silicon Valley. This summer an organization called the Singularity University began offering courses to prepare a “cadre“ to shape the advances and help society cope with the possible results. “My sense was that sooner or later we would have to make some sort of statement or assessment,
20、 given the rising voice of the technorati and people very concerned about the rise of intelligent machines,“ Dr. Horvitz said. The A.A.A.I. report will try to assess the possibility of “the loss of human control of computer-based intelligences.“ It will also try hard, Dr. Horvitz said, to deal with
21、socioeconomic, legal and ethical issues, as well as probable changes in human-computer relationships. How would it be, for example, to relate to a machine that is as intelligent as your spouse? Dr. Horvitz said the panel was looking for ways to guide research so that technology improved society rath
22、er than moved it toward a technological catastrophe. Some research might, for instance, be conducted in a high-security laboratory. The meeting on artificial intelligence could be crucial to the future of the field. Paul Berg, who was the organizer of the 1975 Asilomar meeting and received a Nobel P
23、rize for chemistry in 1980, said it was important for scientific communities to engage the public before alarm and opposition becomes unshakable. “If you wait too long and the sides become entrenched like with G.M.O.,“ he said, referring to genetically modified foods, “then it is very difficult. Its
24、 too complex, and people talk right past each other.“ Tom Mitchell, a professor of artificial intelligence and machine learning at Carnegie Mellon University, said the February meeting had changed his thinking. “I went in very optimistic about the future of A.I. and thinking that Bill Joy and Ray Ku
25、rzweil were far off in their predictions,“ he said. But, he added, “The meeting made me want to be more outspoken about these issues and in particular be outspoken about the vast amounts of data collected about our personal lives.“ Despite his concerns, Dr. Horvitz said he was hopeful that artificia
26、l intelligence research would benefit humans, and perhaps even compensate for human failings. He recently demonstrated a voice-based system that he designed to ask patients about their symptoms and to respond with sympathy. When a mother said her child was having diarrhea, the face on the screen sai
27、d, “Oh no, sorry to hear that.“ A physician told him afterward that it was wonderful that the system responded to human emotion. “Thats a great idea,“ Dr. Horvitz said he was told. “I have no time for that.“ 2 What is the focus of a group of computer scientists debates? （ A） The possibility of advan
28、ced military computers for civil use. （ B） The time when to put robots into use to share the societys workload. （ C） The necessity of limiting study on ultrasmart artificial intelligence. （ D） The chances that computers will talk with people on the phone. 3 What is said about computer viruses that r
29、each a “cockroach“ stage? （ A） They are no longer infectious. （ B） It is extremely difficult to kill them. （ C） They can be easily destroyed. （ D） Its possible that they become diversified. 4 The researchers meeting at the Asilomar Conference Grounds agreed that_. （ A） robots will soon be able to co
30、ntrol themselves （ B） computers will outsmart human beings soon （ C） intelligence will be self-generated from the web （ D） superintelligences will make more intelligent machines 5 Some researchers assumed that service robots in the home_. （ A） would do harm to the whole world in the end （ B） could i
31、mprove the owners safety at home （ C） might be a threat to peoples employment （ D） were able to carry out tasks outdoors 6 What did the worlds top biologists discuss at Asilomar in 1975? （ A） Hazards to the environment. （ B） Genetic issues. （ C） Significant events in history. （ D） Machine intelligen
32、ce. 7 What did the computer scientist Vernor Vinge refer the Singularity to? （ A） The moment that human beings become machines. （ B） The time when smart machines design machines. （ C） The era when artificial intelligence is eliminated. （ D） The change that human beings times is over. 8 Raymond Kurzw
33、eil regarded ultrasmart machines as_. （ A） unacceptable （ B） advantageous （ C） life-threatening （ D） unimaginable 9 According to Dr. Horvitz, some study might be carried out in a high-security lab to prevent a possible_. 10 After the February meeting, Tom Mitchell became very_about the future of art
34、ificial intelligence. 11 Dr. Horvitz recently designed a medical system which could show sympathy to patients after_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what w
35、as said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Shes having a hard time following the professors lectures. （ B） She d
36、oesnt like the way the professor lectures. （ C） She is not interested in the course. （ D） Shes having difficulty with the heavy reading assignments. （ A） The man was sorry to miss the football game. （ B） The man attended the concert, but didnt like it. （ C） The man was sorry that he didnt attend the
37、 concert. （ D） The man is more interested in football than in classical music. （ A） Tom is very responsible. （ B） Toms words arent reliable. （ C） What Tom said is true. （ D） Tom is not humorous at all. （ A） She should follow the human nature. （ B） Strangers are nothing to be afraid of. （ C） Feeling
38、nervous is nothing improper. （ D） She should accept strangers presents naturally. （ A） Hes been too busy to clean his room. （ B） Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do. （ C） He hasnt cleaned his room since Linda visited him. （ D） Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him. （ A） She is tir
39、ed of her present job. （ B） Her phone number has changed. （ C） She doesnt have a fax machine. （ D） She may quit her present job soon. （ A） It is based on a lot of research. （ B） It can be finished in a few weeks time. （ C） It has drawn criticism from lots of people. （ D） It falls short of her superv
40、isors expectations. （ A） They should put the meeting to an end. （ B） She would like to discuss another item. （ C） She wants to discuss the issue again later. （ D） They should hold another meeting to discuss the matter. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. （ A） He is
41、laid off from his job. （ B） He is short of money. （ C） The house he rents is very large. （ D） He is very lonely. （ A） It is dirty in several places. （ B） It has a few tears here and there. （ C） It is really worn out. （ D） It is out of date. （ A） She helps the man fix up the house. （ B） She agrees to
42、 share the cost of rent. （ C） She decides to look for another place. （ D） She persuades the man to change a house. （ A） 5:15. （ B） 4:45. （ C） 0.239583 （ D） 0.177083 （ A） He shouted at his wife. （ B） He just stood there. （ C） He crawled under the table. （ D） He lost consciousness. （ A） They just live
43、d in the first floor. （ B） Their apartment building is lower than a normal one. （ C） The floor below their apartment was totally flattened. （ D） The ground was heightened because of the earthquake. （ A） It was gone completely. （ B） It stayed where it was before the earthquake. （ C） It moved to anoth
44、er place and collapsed totally. （ D） It kept standing there though moved. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must
45、choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Make everyone work for you. （ B） Get everyone to help you. （ C） Let people know you have the final say. （ D） Keep giving orders to everyone. （ A） Gleason thought his wonderful idea was accepted by the director. （ B） Gleason succ
46、eeded in hitting upon a wonderful idea. （ C） Gleason was confident about his work the next day. （ D） Gleason appreciated the directors way of directing films. （ A） Directing a Film （ B） The Key to Success （ C） A Wonderful Experience （ D） Working with Film Stars （ A） The US should catch up to Europea
47、n environmental standards. （ B） American exporters must adapt to new regulations in Europe. （ C） The US should be more sensitive to environmental issues. （ D） The EUs new regulations are a burden. （ A） Their packaging of exports has to conform to EU regulations. （ B） They have to cut out waste compl
48、etely. （ C） They must have an experienced distributor. （ D） They will see expenditure rise. （ A） It will allow fewer trees to be cut. （ B） It will require less labor costs. （ C） It saves some shipping costs. （ D） It will make them more competitive. （ A） To keep fish alive. （ B） To punish criminals.
49、（ C） To help heal wounds. （ D） To preserve dead bodies. （ A） He would lose his ear. （ B） He would lose his life. （ C） He would lose all his salt. （ D） He would be heavily fined. （ A） On the Kings seat. （ B） In front of the King. （ C） In front of everyone. （ D） A long way from the important guests. （ A） When man began to preserve the dead. （ B） When man began to salt fish. （ C） Three thousand years ago. （ D） No one knows. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times
