1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 565及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Plagiarism. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.论文抄袭现象很常见 2这种现象带来的不良影响 3应如 何杜绝这种现象 Say No to Plagiarism 二、 Part II Reading Co
2、mprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if t
3、he statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 When to Buy Your Child a Cellphone David Poger had planned to buy his daughter Maya a cellphone when she was 15 and in high school, but last year he and his wife caved
4、when she was 11. “There was a lot of nagging (找茬 ) and pleading,“ said Mr. Poger, who lives in St. Louis, Miss. But for his wife, Stephanie, and him, he said, “Safety was a big issue because she was walking downtown with her school friends, going to movies and roller skating without us.“ He added, “
5、I still think shes too young.“ Many parents these days face the same struggle as the Pogers: at what age should you buy your child a cellphone? And when you do buy that first phone, what kind should it be? About 75 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds in the United States own a mobile phone, up from 45 pe
6、rcent in 2004, according to an April study by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, part of the Pew Research Center. And children are getting their phones at earlier ages, industry experts say. The Pew study, for example, found that 58 percent of 12-year-olds now had a cellphone, up from 18 pe
7、rcent in 2004. Parents generally say they buy their child a phone for safety reasons, because they want to be able to reach the child anytime. Cost also matters to parents, cellphone industry experts say; phones and family plans from carriers are both becoming more affordable. Also, as adults swap o
8、ut their old devices for newer smartphones, it is easier to pass down a used phone. But for children, it is all about social life and wanting to impress peers. The Pew study found that half of 12- to 17-year-olds sent 50 text messages a day and texted their friends more than they talked to them on t
9、he phone or even face to face. Experts say the social pressure to text can get acute by the sixth grade, when most children are 11 years old. Just ask Caroline LaGumina, 11, of New Rochelle, N.Y., who got her phone last Christmas. “I wanted to be able to text because my friends all text each other.“
10、 So when is the right time to buy that first phone? There is no age that suits all children, developmental psychologists and child safety experts say. It depends on the childs maturity level and need for the phone, and the ability to be responsible for the device for example, keeping it charged, kee
11、ping it on and not losing it. Instead of giving in to the claim that “everyone else has one“, parents should ask why the child needs one, how it will be used and how well the child handles distraction and responsibility. “You need to figure out, are your kids capable of following your rules?“ about
12、using the phone, said Parry Aftab, executive director of the child advocacy group Wired Safety. Ruth Peters, a child psychologist in Clearwater, Fla., said most children were not ready for their own phones until age 11 to 14, when they were in middle school. Often, that is when they begin traveling
13、alone to and from school, or to after-school activities, and may need to call a parent to change activities at the last minute or coordinate rides. Patricia Greenfield, a psychology professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who specializes in childrens use of digital media, cautioned t
14、hat at younger ages, parents might miss out on what was going on with their children because of a cellphone. “Kids want the phone so that they can have private communication with their peers,“ she said. “You should wait as long as possible, to maintain parent-child communication.“ When choosing a ph
15、one for a child, experts say, a big consideration is whether to buy a feature phone or a smartphone. A feature phone generally has a camera, Web access and a slide-out qwerty keyboard, but not the operating system with the applications that can be downloaded on a smartphone. With some carriers, you
16、can buy a feature phone and not get a data plan, but others, like Verizon, have started to eliminate this combination. Parents should realize that buying any kind of phone with Web access essentially allows their children unsupervised access to content and tools, like social networking and videos, t
17、hat they may forbid on the home computer. “Most parents want to give a cellphone to keep them safe, but that ignores the great majority of uses that kids are using cellphones for,“ said James P. Steyer, the chief executive of the nonprofit group Common Sense Media, which rates childrens media. He sa
18、id that with those added features can come addictive behavior, cyberbullying, “sexting“ (sending nude photos by text message), cheating in class and, for older teenagers, distracted driving. Dr. Peters suggested that parents avoid buying children younger than 13 a phone with a camera and Internet ac
19、cess. “If they dont have access to it, its just cleaner,“ she said. Parents who do not want to buy a feature phone or smartphone might consider an inexpensive prepaid phone Nokia, LG and Samsung have models like this that comes without a contract and is not part of a family plan. For as little as $1
20、0, parents can load the phone with 30 minutes of calls. The Pew study reported that 18 percent of teenagers used these plans and that teenagers who did were typically more tempered in their use. If parents do choose a smartphone or feature phone, it is important to set use restrictions on Internet,
21、texting and calls until age 15 or 16, when presumably the child will be more mature and also have greater autonomy. Parents have several ways to set use restrictions. One way is to buy a plan through the carrier. For example, for $4.99 monthly, AT the next time they were given half an hour to resolv
22、e an issue or two on which they 【 B6】 _. Their discussions were 【 B7】_. Researchers also checked participants wounds over the next few weeks and their production of three proteins created in wound healing. The 【 B8】 _: “Even a simple discussion of a disagreement slows wound healing,“ says psychologi
23、st Janice Kiecolt Glaser, who did the study with co-author Ronald Glaser of Ohio State University College of Medicine. 【 B9】 _.Hostile couples peppering both discussions with criticism, sarcasm and put-downs healed the slowest. 【 B10】 _These are minor wounds and brief, restrained encounters. Real-li
24、fe marital conflict probably has a worse impact, Kiecolt Glaser adds. “【 B11】 _,“ she says. 37 【 B1】 38 【 B2】 39 【 B3】 40 【 B4】 41 【 B5】 42 【 B6】 43 【 B7】 44 【 B8】 45 【 B9】 46 【 B10】 47 【 B11】 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.
25、Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. 47 If environmental trends in Western nations continue on a positive track, someday children may ask, “Mommy, what was pollution?“ But between that day and ours stands the ultimate environm
26、ental problem: global warming. Fighting an artificial greenhouse effect is the greatest of environmental challenges, because the cure will not be possible unless almost every nation on Earth participates. In the last century, global temperatures have risen 1 degree Fahrenheit. Some scientists remain
27、 skeptical about projected future warming, but an oft-heard claim, that the idea of global warming is being promoted only by fringe fanatics (狂 热者 ), is not true. In December 2004, Science, one of the worlds leading technical journals, declared in an essay, “Without substantial disagreement, scienti
28、sts find human activities are heating Earths surface.“ Will global warming cause harm? Some computer models suggest the world might warm by 5 degrees or more during this century, which might be dangerous. Melting polar ice could raise sea levels, while global warming might cause more intense storms
29、and disrupt the weather patterns that bring rain to agricultural regions. Computer models are speculative, of course, but when the farming areas that we all depend upon for food rely on current temperatures, rolling the dice with the climate cannot be wise. Yet today the United States has no nationa
30、l legislation regulating greenhouse gases. What Can We Do Right Now? There are methods to reduce global warming. For instance, individuals can make lifestyle changes. Replace that Godzilla-sized SUV with a regular car; an SUV that gets 14 miles to the gallon emits 100 tons of greenhouse gases over i
31、ts lifetime. Check out the new hybrid (混合动力的 )cars, which get 45 mpg or better. Moderate your use of home heating and air conditioning, most of which is powered by fossil fuels, and upgrade appliances to Energy Star models. On a larger level, there is hope: emissions trading. In 1990, rising levels
32、of acid rain were considered an emergency problem. Congress passed an emissions-trading program, which allowed industrial managers to buy and sell permits to emit a limited amount of pollutants that cause acid rain. The acid-rain trading program created a financial incentive to invent technology to
33、reduce acid rain; if a factory or power plant cut its emissions below the limit, it could sell the extra credits at a profit. Once there was money to be made by reducing acid rain, human creativity came into play. The results were spectacular. 48 According to the first paragraph, fighting against gr
34、eenhouse effect requires_ 49 Declared by Science in December 2004, what were causing global warming? 50 For the part of weather, what might be brought about by global warming besides more intense storms? 51 We should replace the SUV with a regular car because the former emits_than the latter. 52 The
35、 emissions-trading program encouraged factories to_. Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 52 Nearly six year
36、s after the sequence of the human genome was sketched out, one might assume that researchers had worked out what all that DNA means. But a new investigation has left them wondering just how similar one persons genome is to anothers. Geneticists have generally assumed that your string of DNA “letters
37、“ is 99. 9%identical to that of your neighbors, with differences in the odd individual letter. These differences make each person genetically unique influencing everything from appearance and personality to susceptibility to disease. But hold on, say the authors of a new study published in Nature. T
38、hey have identified surprisingly large chunks of the genome that can differ dramatically from one person to the next. “Everyone has a unique pattern,“ says one of the lead authors Matthew Hurles at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, U.K. The differences in question made up of stretche
39、s of DNA that span tens to hundreds of thousands of chemical letters are called “copy-number variants“, or CNVs. Within a given stretch of DNA, one person may carry one copy of a DNA segment; another may have two, three or more. The region might be completely absent from a third persons genome. And
40、sometimes the segments are shuffled up in different ways. These variable regions received short shrift (承认 ) for many years. When the human genome sequence was pieced together, they were largely glossed over, because researchers were focused on finding one overarching reference sequence and because
41、the repetitive nature of the segments makes them hard to sequence. “It was swept under the rug,“ says Michael Wigler, who is also mapping CNVs at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York. The new study, led by Hurles and Stephen Scherer of the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, and their
42、colleagues is the most detailed attempt to find how CNVs are scattered across the whole human genome. To do this, they compared genome chunks from 270 people of European, African or Asian ancestry. They found nearly 1,500 such regions, taking up some 12%of the human genome. That doesnt mean that you
43、r DNA is 12%different from mine (or 88%similar), because any two peoples DNA will differ at only a handful of these spots. According to the teams back-of-the-envelope calculations, one persons DNA is probably 99. 5%similar to their neighbors, or a bit less. “Ive tried to do the calculation and its v
44、ery complicated,“ says Hurles. “It all depends on how you do the accounting.“ The answer is also unclear because researchers think that there are many more variable blocks of sequence that are 10,000 or 1,000 letters long and were excluded from the current study. 53 What do we learn from the first p
45、aragraph? （ A） Researchers have worked out what human genome means. （ B） People may want to know the similarity between two peoples genomes. （ C） People have figured out the exact sequence of the human genome. （ D） One may sketch out the sequence of his own genome now. 54 What does Matthew Hurles me
46、an by “Everyone has a unique pattern“ (Line 3, Para. 3)? （ A） Everyone has his own understanding of the pattern of DNA. （ B） The differences in DNA can only influence peoples personality. （ C） Different people may have large chunks of different genome. （ D） One persons string of DNA “letters“ is 0.
47、l%different from anothers. 55 According to the passage, CNVs refer to_. （ A） the differences in human genome （ B） stretches of DNA （ C） different chemical letters （ D） the copy numbers of variants 56 Researchers find the way CNVs are spread by_. （ A） doing the back-of-the-envelope calculations （ B）
48、analyzing the differences in different peoples genome （ C） looking for unique regions of human genome （ D） comparing genome chunks of people from different continents 57 Why there is no accurate calculation of human genome differences? （ A） There are too many letters in a single genome. （ B） The seq
49、uence of variable human genome is hard to sketch out. （ C） The current research didnt study many more variable blocks of sequence. （ D） The calculation was excluded from the current study. 57 Every once in a while the reasons for discouragement about the human prospect pile up so high that it becomes difficult to see the way ahead, and it is then a great blessing to have one conspicuous and undeniable good thing to think about ourselves, something solid
