1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 584及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Living in the College Town. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1大学城越建越多，越建越大 2有人喜欢大学城 的生活，有人不喜欢 3我的看法 Living in the College Town 二、 Part
2、 II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N
3、 (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Good and Hungry Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly lambast (抨击 ) them for peddling (售卖 ) food that makes people fa
4、t. Critics even complain that McDonalds, whose golden arches symbolize calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with and to deflect. The burger business faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already
5、 adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy. Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such “trading down“ proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-foo
6、d companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $ 1 menus and cheap combination meals. As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their p
7、ricier competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonalds, the worlds
8、largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too: its boss, Ron Shaich, claims this is because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants. But not all fast-food compa
9、nies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in th
10、e Box and Carls Jr. , have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because at the same time they are “slugging it out with a global powerhouse“ in the form of McDonalds, which ramped up spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back. Some fast-food companies also cannibaliz
11、ed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy backfired. Last year Burger King franchise
12、es (特许经营人 ) sued the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $ 1 when they cost $ 1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices
13、over more expensive ones because items on its “value menu“ now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October. Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making them rethink their strategies. Many companies are now introducing higher-priced
14、items to entice (诱使 ) consumers away from $ 1 specials. KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ 5. And in May Burger King introduced barbecue-pork ribs at a hefty $ 7 for eight. More Cheeseburgers Companies are also
15、 trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonalds started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe“ line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. Others are testing a similar strategy. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattles Best cof
16、fee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year. McDonalds is now rolling out frappe coffees and smoothies. As fast-food companies shift from “super size“ to “more buys“ they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not
17、 just for fatty food. McDonalds will start selling porridge in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very lucrative (利润丰厚的 ) , says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as b
18、lended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, “we can sell to consumers products they want all day,“ says Rick Carucci, the chief financial officer of Yum! Brands. Yet growth opportunities in America are limited because the market is considered to be “sat
19、urated“, not so much in fats but outlets. China is the place where most fast-food chains, like so many industries, see big expansion. Mr. Carucci, for one, thinks China will be “the biggest growth opportunity for the industry this century“. If so, then Yum!, which has the greatest presence in China
20、of any Western fast-food company, will be celebrating. Already around 30% of the companys profits come from China, and in the next five years this is expected to grow to 40%. India also looks like a succulent opportunity. Others plan to serve up more business in Russia and elsewhere in Europe. Given
21、 that around 75% of fast-food companies revenue in Europe comes from people eating in the restaurants, older European outlets are being done up to make them more attractive places. Getting Chunky The recession also proved the importance of size in competing for customers, which means that more conso
22、lidation is likely. Wendys and Arbys, two American fast-food chains, merged in 2008. On June 11th their shares surged following news that a buyer was interested in the company. Smaller chains may catch the eye of private-equity firms, just as CKE Restaurants did earlier this year when Apollo Managem
23、ent, a buyout firm, purchased it. But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have nimbly (机敏地 ) avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight
24、 obesity. These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who dont want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries. In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be go
25、od enough. “Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now.“ says Mr. Palmer of UBS. Americas health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.
26、 A study by the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunkin Donuts outlet was nearbya s
27、ign, it is said, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more nutritious offerings. In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating. Walt Riker of McDonalds claims the makeover it has given to its menu means it offers more
28、healthy items than it did a few years ago. “We probably sell more lettuce, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,“ he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban the golden arches from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals“, becaus
29、e legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there is a lot more left to do. 2 Why do some critics think McDonalds should be forbidden to sponsor the World Cup? （ A） The fast food is very expensive. （ B） The fast food tends to make people overweighted. （ C） The fast food is
30、 not popular among football fans. （ D） Its golden arch is a symbol of defeat and bad luck. 3 What happened to fast-food companies when the recession hit most other industries? （ A） Fast-food companies became more popular than usual. （ B） Most fast-food companies went bankrupt. （ C） Fast-food compani
31、es were influenced little in the recession. （ D） Fast-food companies faced more pressure from restaurants. 4 According to Ron Shaich, what is the reason for Panera Bread to earn great profit even in the recession? （ A） It occupies more market share than other companies. （ B） It has more chains than
32、other companies. （ C） It produces food with more nutrition. （ D） It sells high-quality food at lower prices. 5 Smaller fast-food chains like Jack in the Box and Carls Jr. suffered much from the downturn because_. （ A） they had poor management and terrible production technology （ B） they produced foo
33、d with high quality at higher prices （ C） they had to spend more money on advertising to compete with other companies （ D） they produced food with lower quality and were defeated in the competition 6 During the recession Burger King required its dealers to sell burgers at a lower price in order to_.
34、 （ A） attract customers to their shops to buy more expensive items （ B） promote the products that will be out of shelf life soon （ C） withdraw the capital from circulation quickly （ D） popularize its products among the public 7 The new strategy that many fast-food companies are taking after the rece
35、ssion is_. （ A） promoting their products by selling at a lower price （ B） investing more capital to enlarge the companys scale （ C） providing more expensive items to distract consumers focus （ D） producing more cheaper specials to occupy more market share 8 According to Sara Senatore of Bernstein, M
36、cDonalds will start introducing porridge in its menu because_. （ A） porridge is very nutritious （ B） porridge is very popular among the public （ C） breakfast is easy to prepare （ D） breakfast is very profitable 9 The mergence of Wendys and Arbys after the recession indicates that they have realized
37、the importance of_. 10 Fast-food firms have escaped government regulation by means of_. 11 McDonalds is not allowed to include toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals“ because such action may_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the
38、end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
39、（ A） The nearest restaurant. （ B） A furnished restaurant. （ C） A French restaurant. （ D） The nearest supermarket. （ A） Pay attention to a new test. （ B） Read some rules of an exam. （ C） Take the drivers test. （ D） Focus on some key points of a test. （ A） They neednt worry about their workspace. （ B）
40、 Work-related injuries are increasing recently. （ C） They should rethink their workspace. （ D） They are doing heavy lifting inside their office. （ A） Its closed on Sunday. （ B） Its supposed to be open now. （ C） The man has locked it at nine. （ D） The man posted the schedule on the door. （ A） Reading
41、 the new score criteria. （ B） Discussing how to choose the winner. （ C） Talking about the new winner. （ D） Analyzing the errors that have happened. （ A） Cameron shouldnt have wasted money on the CDs. （ B） Cameron should have bought the same movie CDs as the woman. （ C） The woman has spent all her mo
42、ney for Camerons CDs. （ D） The woman has also bought some CDs she had seen. （ A） There were many packed gifts in the room. （ B） The room was not large enough for the audience. （ C） The audience enjoyed the womans presentation. （ D） The woman expected more people for the presentation. （ A） It is very
43、 clever. （ B） It can make a great program plan. （ C） It is very useful. （ D） It is easy to operate. （ A） Exposing oneself to the target language. （ B） Attending a good language program. （ C） Coming up with a regular study plan. （ D） Developing good note-taking skills. （ A） Taking small steps bit by
44、bit. （ B） Having a good plan. （ C） Joining a training class. （ D） Learning 30 words per day. （ A） Attitude. （ B） Personal character. （ C） Motivation. （ D） Personal needs. （ A） Different places in the US. （ B） Elementary education. （ C） Art history. （ D） Psychology. （ A） Hes a great traveler. （ B） He
45、s a gifted writer. （ C） Hes a passionate writer. （ D） Hes a great artist. （ A） The design of the storyline. （ B） The description of peoples characters. （ C） The thought he wants to explain. （ D） The description of different places. （ A） The desire to travel. （ B） The benefit of travel. （ C） The love
46、 of the US. （ D） The passion for Charley. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the
47、four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The number of teachers has decreased. （ B） The quality of higher education has declined. （ C） The higher education has expanded massively. （ D） The chances of entering college have been limited. （ A） The higher education has lost its significance. （ B） More an
48、d more young people can enter the college. （ C） Many high school students dont want to go to college. （ D） The number of students in high school has increased. （ A） All high school students in America can enter the college. （ B） The government needs to spend lots of money on education. （ C） The coll
49、ege students never care about their points. （ D） Some poorly-prepared high school students expect to enter college. （ A） They cant afford the expense on broadband. （ B） They can use broadband freely in their offices. （ C） They just dont want to have broadband. （ D） They dont have access to broadband. （ A） Drive to someplace where it can offer wireless signal. （ B） Resort to their friends and colleagues. （ C） Go to local library to read books to kill time. （ D） Drive to the market
