1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 585及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Colleges Focus an Talent Training or Scientific Research? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1高校应当注重人才培养还是科研一直备受关注 2人们观点不一 3我的观点
2、Should Colleges Focus on Talent Training or Scientific Research? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for Y
3、ES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Intellectual Property The phrase intellectual property (IP) refers to the bundle o
4、f legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind. IP rights play an important role in the economic prosperity of a country and serve as a motivating force for creative individuals to share their genius with society. Like real and personal property rights protect ones ownership in
5、terest in tangible (有形的 ) objects, such as land and automobiles, IP rights protect ones ownership interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadway play and the name or logo used to brand a product. Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it
6、 would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. In this article, you will learn what intellectual property rights are and the differences between its various forms. General Introduction When most people think of intellectual property rights, patents, trademarks and copyrights come to mind. This
7、 core set of IP rights reward and protect the creative works of inventors, authors, owners and sellers of goods and services in the marketplace. While the legal principles that underlie each of these rights are distinct, they each share a common set of principles. An award of patent, trademark or co
8、pyright protection requires a delicate balance between the interests of the inventor or author and the interest of society as a whole. This balance is very much like the tradeoff required by zoning laws, which attempt to protect the ownership interest and exclusive right to use that a land owner has
9、 with societys interest in the limited use of the owners land for societys greater good. Public utility easements and right of ways are examples of this balance. The grant of a patent on an important invention of a lifesaving drug represents a similar set of tradeoffs. Is it fair to the inventor to
10、allow society free access to the patented drug? Is it fair to society to be denied access for its greater good? It is the role of intellectual property law to harmonize these seemingly conflicting interests. Intellectual property rights also foster a competitive marketplace. They do so by encouragin
11、g disclosure of innovation through protecting the fruits of that innovation for a period of time. Disclosure allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation so that the state of the art continues to evolve and develop. Without the benefits provided by intellectual property protection, the m
12、arketplace would not operate effectively. Imagine what the world would be like if every competitor had to continuously “reinvent the wheel“ rather than being able to refine and improve upon the works of others. Finally, intellectual property rights are regional in nature and the conditions of their
13、grant and enforceability are governed by the laws of each jurisdiction (管辖区域 ). A US patent can be only granted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States. A trademark can only be registered and enforced in Canada in accordance with the laws of Canada, and a copyright can only be
14、registered and enforced in Mexico in accordance with its laws. While there is a desire to be somewhat uniform and consistent, countries have different approaches to intellectual property rights protection. Variations in the procedure for obtaining IP rights account for a large percentage of these di
15、fference, rather than the differences in the substantive rights granted in each country. The words “patent“ and “trademark“ are often used interchangeably. Many times, we hear that a patent is used to protect a logo and that a trademark is used to protect an invention, and vice versa. While patents
16、and trademarks may be associated with the same product, the two words have very different meanings and refer to very different forms of intellectual property rights. They can seldom be used interchangeably, as the underlying rights that each protects is quite different in nature. What Is a Patent? I
17、n general, a patent is used to protect the intellectual property rights associated with the design of a product or process. US patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and are enforceable only within the US and its possession. A US patent has no effect outside the US. A pa
18、tent gives the patent owner the “exclusive right“ to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the product, or process of making the product, that is described by the patent claims. It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the paten
19、ted invention himself. The patent owner has only the “exclusive right“ to stop others from doing so. In other words, just because you obtain a patent on your product does not mean that you can actually use the product. You may be blocked by an earlier patent owner who exercises the “exclusive right“
20、 granted to him under his patent. This is an important distinction and the following example will help to explain it. Suppose that the invention covered by your patent is a chair with four legs, a seat, a back and a pair of rockers a rocking chair. Under your patent, you have the exclusive right to
21、stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale your patented rocking chair. Lets assume, however, that the rockers on your rocking chair are unique and are covered by an earlier patent to someone else. The rocker patent owner has the exclusive right under his patent to stop others (inc
22、luding you) from using his patented rockers. Your use of the patented rockers on your rocking chair would constitute infringement (侵权 ) of the rocker patent. So while you received a patent for your rocking chair, you will not be able to actually make, use, sell or offer for sale the chair without fi
23、rst obtaining permission from the rocker patent owner. The rocker patent owner is not required to give you permission, however, and can keep your rocking chair off the market if he chooses to do so. It might make better sense, of course, for the rocker patent owner to participate in your success by
24、giving his permission in exchange for a licensing fee. The term for a patent is 20 years from the filing date of the patent application from which leads to the patent. What Are Trademarks? Like patents, trademark registrations in the US are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Wh
25、ile a patent protects a product from unauthorized copying through the patent owners exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the patented product, a trademark addresses the need for product identification, or branding, among consumers of the product. Thus, a tr
26、ademark has nothing to do with preventing a product from being copied. That is the role of a patent. The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a trademark as any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination, used, or intended to be used, in commerce to identify and distinguish the g
27、oods of one manufacturer or seller from goods manufactured or sold by others, and to indicate the source of the goods. In short, a trademark is a brand name. What Is a Copyright? A copyright protects the expression of an idea. Unlike a patent which protects the idea itself, the copyright protects on
28、ly the expression. The idea of the chair with four legs discussed above can be protected by a patent. The expression of that idea through drawings, pictures and words can be protected by a copyright. In order to qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. To be original,
29、 the work: (1) must have been independently created by the author rather than being copied from other work(s) and, (2) must have at least a minimal degree of creativity. If these two conditions are not met, the work will not qualify as being original and is not entitled to copyright protection. Howe
30、ver, a work still qualifies for copyright protection even if it includes non-original elements. For example, if an author rearranges non-original elements in an original way, the compilation will be considered to be original and qualified for copyright protection. Depending on when the work was crea
31、ted, the period of copyright protection begins when the work is created and terminates 70 years after the death of the author. 2 Which of the following do IP rights protect? （ A） Land. （ B） Automobile. （ C） Broadway. （ D） Logo. 3 When issuing IP protection, an important matter is the balance between
32、 the interests of_. （ A） the inventor or author and that of the society （ B） the author and that of the publisher （ C） land owners and that of the society （ D） protection and the real practice 4 How do IP rights foster a competitive marketplace? （ A） They only offer protection for a certain period o
33、f time. （ B） They award people who improve their innovations. （ C） They provide a list of innovations for the society. （ D） They make the invention of the wheel free to the public. 5 Whats the big difference among countries in IP rights protection? （ A） Desires for IP rights protection consistent. （
34、 B） The procedure for obtaining IP rights. （ C） Substantive rights granted. （ D） Offices that grant the IP rights. 6 What can we learn about the United States Patent? （ A） It only protects US citizens. （ B） It only protects designs made in the country. （ C） It only has effect within the US. （ D） It
35、only allows the patent to be used in the country. 7 The inventor of the rocker chair may not be able to launch the chair into the market because_. （ A） the author hasnt applied for the patent （ B） the author himself cant make many chairs （ C） the rocker in the chair is protected by the patent （ D） t
36、he rocker chair has not been proved to be safe 8 What can we learn about the trademark registrations in the US? （ A） They prevent a product from being copied. （ B） They tell the consumers what kind of product it is. （ C） They give the inventor or author exclusive right. （ D） They are granted by the
37、same office that grants the patent. 9 The definition of trademark mentioned in the passage is made by_. 10 The patent protects the idea itself while the copyright is designed to protect_. 11 The period of copyright protection is decided by the time_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will h
38、ear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices
39、marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） Sell second-hand computers. （ B） Exhibit state-of-the-art computers. （ C） Cut down the price of the computers. （ D） Find more cooperative partners. （ A） She arrived at the theater late. （ B） She left his watch in the theater. （ C） She l
40、iked looking at his watch. （ D） She did not enjoy the drama. （ A） In a laboratory. （ B） At a party. （ C） In a supermarket. （ D） In a garden. （ A） A library. （ B） A theater. （ C） A coffee shop. （ D） A music hall. （ A） He is worried that his son might fail. （ B） He will suffer from a lot of pressure.
41、（ C） He wants his son to have a happy childhood. （ D） He wants his son to be successful. （ A） Negotiate with his boss. （ B） Calm down and wait for the right time. （ C） Quit his job and get a better one. （ D） Try harder to be promoted. （ A） She thought the lecture was interesting. （ B） She was too ti
42、red to learn much from the lecture. （ C） She missed the lecture this morning. （ D） She did not finish the reading before the lecture. （ A） The man enjoyed the concert. （ B） They were disappointed with the concert. （ C） They listened to some elevator music. （ D） The woman didnt like rock music. （ A）
43、The surging college cost. （ B） The record of college students. （ C） The reasons for going to famous colleges. （ D） Governments role in college education. （ A） Less students want to go to college. （ B） Federal and state governments offer less support. （ C） The cost of living is higher than ever befor
44、e. （ D） College students waste much money on useless items. （ A） Students are becoming more realistic about their future. （ B） Congress has promised to endow more money to these families. （ C） Some colleges have increased their financial aid to students. （ D） Higher degrees in expensive colleges wil
45、l help them pay the debt. （ A） To gain some information about the professor. （ B） To ask the tuition and the location of the course. （ C） To learn some details about the course. （ D） To sign up for the course for his roommates. （ A） They dry in a short time. （ B） They are easy to clean. （ C） They ca
46、n be obtained conveniently. （ D） They are made from the superior oils. （ A） Do something like anyone else. （ B） Help less advanced classmates. （ C） Practice techniques he has learned. （ D） Learn how to design and use colour. （ A） At 8 a.m. today. （ B） At 5 p.m. today. （ C） Next Monday morning. （ D）
47、Next Monday afternoon. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
48、 A, B, C and D. （ A） He made a novel CV to attract the employers. （ B） He posted a large number of CVs on the net. （ C） He recommended himself door to door. （ D） He put an advertisement on newspapers. （ A） He had poor performance in interview. （ B） He had no working experience at all. （ C） He was la
49、ck of communicative skills. （ D） He was a man who complained frequently. （ A） The speaker gave up the last opportunity. （ B） The speaker finally managed to get the job. （ C） The speaker had to keep on looking for jobs. （ D） The speaker beat the program director. （ A） To stimulate smokers to give up smoking. （ B） To ease the companies financial burden. （ C） To help their employees save their salary. （ D） To help their employees avoid cancer. （ A） Workplaces will issue strict rules to ban smoking. （ B） Workplaces will
