1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 603及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 The Young Want to Be Leaders 1现在的年轻人普遍想当领导 2人们对此有不同看法 3我认为 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached t
2、o the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 The Science of Interruptions In 20
3、00, Gloria Mark was hired as a professor at the University of California. She would arrive at her desk in the morning, full of energy and ready to tackle her to-do list. No sooner had she started one task than a colleague would e-mail her with an urgent request; when she went to work on that, the ph
4、one would ring. At the end of the day, Mark had accomplished a fraction of what she set out to do. Lots of people complain that office multitasking drives them nuts. But Mark studies how high-tech devices affect our behavior, so she was able to do more than complain, she set out to measure how nuts
5、weve all become. She watched cubicle (办公室隔间 ) dwellers as they surfed the chaos of modern office life and found each employee spent only ten-and-a-half minutes on any given project before being interrupted. Each short project was itself fragmented into three- minute tasks, like answering e-mail mess
6、ages or working on a sheet. Marks study also revealed that interruptions are often crucial to office work. The high-tech workers admitted that many of their daily distractions were essential to their jobs. When someone forwards you an urgent e-mail message, its often something you really do need to
7、see; if a mobile phone call breaks through, it might be the call that saves your hide. For some computer engineers and academics, this realization has begun raise an attractive possibility: perhaps we can find an ideal middle ground. If high-tech work distractions are inevitable, maybe we can re-eng
8、ineer them so we receive all of their benefits but few of their downsides. The Birth of Multitasking The science of interruptions began more than 100 years ago with the emergence of telegraph operators-the first high-stress, time-sensitive information-technology jobs. Psychologists discovered that i
9、f someone spoke to a telegraph operator while he was keying a message, the operator was more likely to make errors. Later, psychologists determined that whenever workers needed to focus on a job that required the monitoring of data, presentation was all important. Using this knowledge, cockpits (驾驶舱
10、 ) for fighter pilots were carefully designed so that each dial and meter could be read with just a glance. Still, such issues seemed remote from the lives of everyday workers. Then, in the 1990s, computers began to experience a rapid increase in speed and power. “Multitasking“ was born; instead of
11、simply working on one program for hours at a time, a computer user works on several simultaneously. Office workers now stare at computer screens of overwhelming complexity, as they juggle (操纵 ) messages, text documents, PowerPoint presentations and Web browsers. In the modern office we are all fight
12、er pilots. Effect of Multitasking: Computer-affected Behavior Information is no longer a scarce resource attention is. 20 years ago, an office worker had two types of communication technology: a phone, which required an instant answer, and postal mail, which took days. Now people have dozens of poss
13、ibilities between these two poles. The result is something like “continuous partial attention“, which makes us so busy keeping an eye on everything that we never fully focus on anything. This can actually be a positive feeling, inasmuch as the constant email dinging makes us feel needed and desired.
14、 But what happens when you take that to the extreme? You get overwhelmed. Sanity lies in danger. In 1997, Microsoft recruited Mary Czerwinski, who once worked in NASAs Human- computer Interaction Lab, to conduct basic research to find out how computer affect human behavior. She took 39 office worker
15、s and installed software on their computers that would record every mouse click. She discovered that computer users were as restless as hummingbird. On average, they juggled eight windows at the same time. More astonishing, they would spend barely 20 seconds looking at one window before flipping to
16、another. Why constant shifting? In part it was because of the way computers are laid out. A computer offers very little visual real estate. A Microsoft Word document can cover almost an entire screen. Once you begin multitasking, a computer desktop quickly becomes buried in windows. When someone is
17、interrupted, it takes just over 23 minutes to cycle back to the original task. Once their work becomes buried beneath a screenful of interruptions, office workers appear to forget what tasks they were originally pursuing. The central danger of interruptions is not the interruption at all, but the co
18、nfusion they bring to our short-term memory. Ways to Cope with Interruptions When Mark and Czerwinski, working separately, looked at the desks of the people they were studying, they each noticed the same thing: Post-it notes. Workers would write brief reminders of the task they .were supposed to be
19、working on (“Test DAs PC, Waiting for AL. “). Then they would place them directly in their fields of vision, often in a circle around the edge of their computer screens. These piecemeal efforts at coping pointed to ways that our high-tech tools could be engineered to be less distracting. Czerwinski
20、also noticed many Microsoft people attached three monitors to their computers. They placed their applications on different screens-the email on the right side, a Web browser on the right and their main work project in the middle-so that each application was read at a glance. When the ding on their e
21、mail program went off, they just peek to the left to see the message. The workers said this arrangement made them feel calmer. But did more screen area actually help with cognition? To find out, Czerwinski had 1,5 volunteers sit in front of a regular size 38cm monitor and complete a variety of tasks
22、 designed to challenge their concentration-a Web search, some cutting and pasting, and memorizing phone numbers. Then the volunteers repeated the tasks using a computer with a massive 105em screen. On the bigger screen, some people completed the tasks as much as 44% more quickly. In two decades of r
23、esearch, Czerwinski had never seen a single change to a computer system so significantly improve a users productivity. The clearer your screen, the calmer your mind. Looking for Better Interruptions Mark compared the way people work when sitting in cubicles with how they work when theyre at differen
24、t locations and interact online. She discovered people working in cubicles suffer more interruptions, but they have better interruptions because their co-workers have a social sense of what theyre doing. When you work next to others, they sense whether youre deeply immersed or relatively free to tal
25、k and interrupt you accordingly. Why dont computers work this way? Instead of alerting us to email messages the instant they arrive, our machines could deliver them at optimum moments, When our brains are relaxed. Eric Horvitz at Microsoft is trying to do precisely that. He has been building automat
26、ed reasoning systems equipped with artificial intelligence that observes a computer users behavior and tries to predict the moment the user will be mentally free and ready to be interrupted. 2 As Marks study indicated, interruption is a highly undesirable feature in high-tech office work, and theref
27、ore we must find a way to avoid them. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 Telegraph operation is a less stressful, less attention-demanding information-technology job in comparison with computer operation. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Modern office workers are just like fighter pilots in that both need to monitor da
28、ta of great complexity. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Multitasking, even if taken to the extreme, can give office workers a positive feeling, since frequent interruptions make them feel much needed and desired. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 According to Mary Czerwinskis research, computer users are constantly s
29、hifting from window to window, pausing _ at each one. 7 Both Mark and Czerwinski noticed that some computer users relied on _ as reminders to help them cope with distractions. 8 By _, many Microsoft workers managed to get quicker, easier access to data and make their high-tech tools less distracting
30、. 9 Czerwinski found that no other change to a computer system could more significantly improve a users productivity than _. 10 People who work next to each in the same office have more but better interruptions than those who _. 11 Eric Horvitz has been working on Al system that monitors a computer
31、users behavior and predicts _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each q
32、uestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He is not to blame. （ B） He was responsible for the accident. （ C） He will take all the responsibility. （ D） He will be more careful next time. （ A） Nick ca
33、nt go on studying because he has to work in a steel plant. （ B） Nick has earned enough money for, his senior year. （ C） Nick prefers working in a steel plant to studying. （ D） Nick doesnt have enough money so hell work during his senior year. （ A） A new record. （ B） An old record. （ C） A popular rec
34、ord. （ D） A record of classical music. （ A） There wont be enough seats for everybody. （ B） The speaker wont show up. （ C） The seminar wont be open to the public. （ D） The tickets may have been sold out. （ A） She is still under training for her new job. （ B） She is not sure if her boss would allow he
35、r to go. （ C） She is having some trouble now. （ D） She doesnt want to go on holiday with the man. （ A） Because she feels very hot in the room. （ B） Because she wants to avoid meeting people. （ C） Because she wants to smoke a cigarette outside. （ D） Because she doesnt like the smell of smoke inside.
36、（ A） He doesnt write well enough. （ B） He is not a professional writer. （ C） He hasnt got any professional experience. （ D） He didnt perform well in the interview. （ A） He has too many dreams. （ B） He likes to sleep. （ C） He doesnt put his ideas into practice. （ D） He doesnt have many ideas. （ A） Th
37、ere are over 1,000 miles of track in Britain. （ B） In Britain there are about 250,000 miles of track. （ C） There are over 13,000 miles of track in England. （ D） In England there are 133,000 miles of track. （ A） London Airport is one of the best airports in the world. （ B） One of the busiest airports
38、 in the world is London Airport. （ C） London Airport is one of the biggest airports in the world. （ D） In the world, London Airport is one of the safest airports. （ A） The sea travel in Britain has become more important. （ B） The sea travel in Britain has become less important. （ C） The most prefera
39、ble form of transport in Britain is the sea travel. （ D） In Britain, the least preferable form of transport is the sea travel. （ A） A literature professor. （ B） An academic advisor. （ C） Dean of the English Department. （ D） A Doctor of Applied Linguistics. （ A） To inquire about switching majors. （ B
40、） To find a helping supervisor. （ C） To make up the remaining credits. （ D） To apply for a masters degree. （ A） He cant catch up with his classmates. （ B） He finds the English course load too heavy. （ C） He is not interested in his present major. （ D） He is good at Applied Linguistics. （ A） Twenty-f
41、our credits. （ B） Twelve credits. （ C） Three Credits. （ D） Thirty-six credits. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
42、must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They were expensive. （ B） No one believed them. （ C） They were unsuccessful. （ D） They were often not welcomed, （ A） They realized some companies exploited the movement. （ B） They didnt know what to do. （ C） They didnt real
43、ize some companies made false claims. （ D） They didnt like green advertisement. （ A） They became more popular. （ B） They were more regulated. （ C） They became better produced. （ D） They became less honest. （ A） It does not wake you up. （ B） It stimulates your nerves. （ C） It supplies nutrition for b
44、rain. （ D） It makes you more tired. （ A） Have coffee after breakfast. （ B） Give up the habit of drinking in the morning. （ C） Abstain from caffeine completely. （ D） Be alert about the risk of being paralyzed. （ A） It shows great variance in levels of alertness among volunteers. （ B） It proves that c
45、offee improves memory and attentiveness. （ C） It suggests that caffeine only brings drinkers back up to normal. （ D） It indicates that coffee drinking is addictive. （ A） Because it is open to everyone. （ B） Because there is no entrance examination. （ C） Because it doesnt have any gate. （ D） Because
46、it never closes. （ A） Taking the air. （ B） By plane. （ C） On radio and TV. （ D） At the airport. （ A） Three weeks. （ B） Nine weeks. （ C） Five weeks. （ D） Ten weeks. （ A） Half a year. （ B） Four or five years. （ C） Three years. （ D） One year. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passa
47、ge three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you a
48、re required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Unemployment is a deeply【 B1】 _ sensitive political issue for Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. Back in 1998 he was【 B2】 _ for his first term on a promise that th
49、e jobless count would be brought down to【 B3】 _ . He【 B4】 _ on that and now the official unemployment figure is above five million, the first time since the great depression of the 1930s, which brought the Nazis to power. And to make matters 【 B5】 _ , the official figures may greatly【 B6】_ the real extent of the problem. Once those on government training schemes and the like are【 B7】 _ the actual number of people looking for work
