1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 60及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Aging Population. You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and outline given below: 1. 目前老龄化现象很严重 2. 这种现象可能产生的社会影响和后果 3. 你的建议 On Aging Population 二、 Part II
2、 Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (f
3、or NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 2 Intellectual Property The phrase intellectual property (IP) refers to the bundle of legal rights that arise from the creative genius of the human mind. IP ri
4、ghts play an important role in the economic prosperity of a country and serve as a motivating force for creative individuals to share their genius with society. Like real and personal property rights protect ones ownership interest in tangible(有形的 )objects, such as land and automobiles, IP rights pr
5、otect ones ownership interest in intangible objects, such as the idea behind an invention, the music score for a Broadway play and the name or logo used to brand a product. Without enforcement of these rights in the law, it would be difficult for society to prosper and grow. In this article, you wil
6、l learn what intellectual property rights are and the differences between its various forms. General Introduction When most people think of intellectual property rights, patents, trademarks and copyrights come to mind. This core set of IP rights reward and protect the creative works of inventors, au
7、thors, owners and sellers of goods and services in the marketplace. While the legal principles that underlie each of these rights are distinct, they each share a common set of principles. An award of patent, trademark or copyright protection requires a delicate balance between the interests of the i
8、nventor or author and the interest of society as a whole. This balance is very much like the tradeoff(折衷 ) required by zoning laws, which attempt to protect the ownership interest and exclusive right to use that a land owner has with societys interest in the limited use of the owners land for societ
9、ys greater good, Public utility easements and right of ways are examples of this balance. The grant of a patent on an important invention of a lifesaving drug represents a similar set of tradeoffs. Is it fair to the inventor to allow society free access to the patented drug? Is it fair to society to
10、 be denied access for its greater good? It is the role of intellectual Property law to harmonize these seemingly conflicting interests, Intellectual property rights also foster a competitive marketplace. They do so by encouraging disclosure of innovation through protecting the fruits of that innovat
11、ion for a period of time. Disclosure allows others to build and improve upon prior innovation so that the state of the art continues to evolve and develop. Without the benefits provided by intellectual property protection, the market place would not operate as effectively. Imagine what the world wou
12、ld be like if every competitor had to continuously “reinvent the wheel“ rather than being able to refine and improve upon the works of others. Finally, intellectual property rights are regional in nature and the conditions of their grant and enforceability are governed by the laws of each jurisdicti
13、on(权限 ). A U.S. patent can be only granted and enforced in accordance with the laws of the United States. A trademark can only be registered and enforced in Canada in accordance with the laws of Canada, and a copyright can only be registered and enforced in Mexico in accordance with its laws. While
14、there is a desire to be somewhat uniform and consistent, countries have different approaches to intellectual property rights protection. Variations in the procedure for obtaining IP rights account for a large percentage of these difference, rather than the differences in the substantive(永久的 ) rights
15、 granted in each country. The words “patent“ and “trademark“ are often used interchangeably. Many times, we hear that a patent is used to protect a logo and that a trademark is used to protect an invention, and vice versa. While patents and trademarks may be associated with the same product, the two
16、 words have very different meanings and refer to very different forms of intellectual property rights. They can seldom be used interchangeably, as the underlying rights that each protects is quite different in nature. What Is a Patent? In general, a patent is used to protect the intellectual propert
17、y rights associated with the design of a product or process. U.S. patents are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office and are enforceable only within the U.S., and its possession. A U.S. patent has no effect outside of the U.S. A patent gives the patent owner the “exclusive right“ to
18、 stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the product, or process of making the product, that is described by the patent claims. It is important to note that a patent does not give the patent owner the right to exploit the patented invention himself. The patent owner has only the
19、 “exclusive right“ to stop others from doing so. In other words, just because you obtain a patent on your product does not mean that you can actually use the product. You may be blocked by an earlier patent owner who exercises the “exclusive right“ grained to him under his patent. This is an importa
20、nt distinction and the following example will help to explain it. Suppose that the invention covered by your patent is a chair with four legs, a seat, a back and a pair of rockers a rocking chair. Under your patent, you have the exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering
21、for sale your patented rocking chair. Lets assume, however, that the rockers on your rocking chair are unique and are covered by an earlier patent to someone else. The rocker patent owner has the exclusive right under his patent to stop others(including you) from using his patented rockers. Your use
22、 of the patented rockers on your rocking chair would constitute infringement(侵权 ) of the rocker patent. So while you received a patent for your rocking chair, you will not be able to actually make, use, sell or offer for sale the chair without first obtaining permission from the rocker patent owner.
23、 The rocker patent owner is not required to give you permission, however, and can keep your rocking chair off of the market if he chooses to do so. It might make better sense, of course, for the rocker patent owner to participate in your success by giving his permission in exchange for a licensing f
24、ee. The term for a patent is 20 years from the filing date of the patent application from which lead to the patent. What Are Trademarks? Like patents, trademark registrations in the U.S. are issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. While a patent protects a product from unauthorized
25、copying through the patent owners exclusive right to stop others from making, using, selling or offering for sale the patented product, a trademark addresses the need for product identification, or branding, among consumers of the product. Thus, a trademark has nothing to do with preventing a produc
26、t from being copied. That is the role of a patent. The United States Patent and Trademark Office defines a trademark as “any word, name, symbol, or device, or any combination, used, or intended to be used, in commerce to identify and distinguish the goods of one manufacturer or seller from goods man
27、ufactured or sold by others, and to indicate the source of the goods. In short, a trademark is a brand name.“ What Is a Copyright? A copyright protects the expression of an idea. Unlike a patent which protects the idea itself, the copyright protects only the expression. The idea of the chair with fo
28、ur legs discussed above can be protected by a patent. The expression of that idea through drawings, pictures and words can be protected by a copyright. In order to qualify for copyright protection, a work must be original to the author. To be original, the work: must have been independently created
29、by the author rather than being copied from other work(s) and, must have at least a minimal degree of creativity. If these two conditions are not met, the work will not qualify as being original and is not entitled to copyright protection. However, a work still qualifies for copyright protection eve
30、n if it includes non-original elements. For example, ii an author rearranges non-original elements in an original way, the compilation will be considered to be original and qualify for copyright protection. Depending on when the work was created, the period of copyright protection begins when the wo
31、rk is created and terminates 70 years after the death of the author. 2 Intellectual property rights can promote creative individuals willingness to share their talent with society. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3 An award of any IP rights should consider the balance between the creators interest and that of
32、 the other individuals. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 The grant of a patent on an important invention is a great social event. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 The grant and enforcement of intellectual property rights are different in different countries. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 A patent protects such IP rights as
33、 the design or process of a product by giving the patent owner_. 7 You get a patent doesnt mean you can use the product because you may be prevented by_. 8 Not preventing a product from being copied makes a trademark differ from a_. 9 A trademark is generally used to identify and distinguish goods o
34、f different manufacturers and show _ of certain goods. 10 A copyright protects the expression of an idea through_ that is original to the author. 11 A work containing non-original elements is still qualified for copyright protection if these elements are rearranged in_. Section A Directions: In this
35、 section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must re
36、ad the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） He wants to drive on the expressway in rush hours. （ B） He wants to set out early so as to avoid the heavy traffic. （ C） He always has a nightmare about driving on the expressway. （ D） He has a nightmare about the tr
37、affic during the rush hours. （ A） He drinks milk every night. （ B） He gets enough sleep every day. （ C） He does a lot of exercise. （ D） He gets the genes of his father. （ A） They are learning to boat. （ B） They are playing a game. （ C） They are making a movie. （ D） They are taking pictures （ A） Run
38、in town. （ B） Find an easier job. （ C） Buy shoes from the Internet. （ D） Find a safer place to exercise. （ A） It was difficult to carry it out. （ B） It was fairly successful. （ C） It failed for lack of money. （ D） It stopped for lack of land. （ A） She should make a long run to relax. （ B） She should
39、 run a long way to listen to the music. （ C） She should run to the concert so as to spare some time for relaxing. （ D） She should go to the concert for relaxing. （ A） She really cannot learn math well without others help. （ B） Mathematics is the last subject she wants to learn. （ C） Michael is the o
40、nly student who ever helped her with math. （ D） She does not want Michael to go to another school. （ A） It is too late for the man to buy a ticket for the concert. （ B） The man must wait for two hours to buy a ticket. （ C） People have already been standing in line for two hours. （ D） The man can buy
41、 a standing room ticket tomorrow. （ A） He usually doesnt return home. （ B） He is short of money. （ C） The house he rents is too large. （ D） He is very lonely. （ A） It is dirty in several places. （ B） It has a few tears here and there. （ C） It is really worn out. （ D） It is out of date. （ A） She help
42、s the man fix up the house. （ B） She agrees to share the cost of rent. （ C） She decides to look for another place. （ D） She persuades the man to change a house. （ A） Meals are provided free of charge on campus. （ B） Students are more secure on campus. （ C） Students are free to choose their roommates
43、. （ D） Students have more chances to make friends. （ A） They may have to obey certain housing rules. （ B） A deposit may be required to rent an apartment. （ C） Apartments are very limited on campus. （ D） They have to do the housework themselves. （ A） Tenants neednt maintain the house. （ B） Tenants ca
44、n cook in the apartments. （ C） Tenants have freedom to select their roommates. （ D） Tenants are free to do anything that they like. （ A） Earn money to pay the rent. （ B） Buy furniture for the apartments. （ C） Sign a housing contract. （ D） Earn money to buy a car. Section B Directions: In this sectio
45、n, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） It proves to be ineffective. （ B） Some
46、times there is no audience. （ C） It reveals peoples privacy. （ D） It proves to be poisonous. （ A） Modern drugs. （ B） Talking them out. （ C） Physical exercise. （ D） Housework. （ A） It is also useful to get rid of a bad mood. （ B） It is too hard to do good to peoples health. （ C） It may boost the hear
47、t rate. （ D） It is hardly effective in altering mood. （ A） Many of her teachers liked her very much. （ B） She was at her best as a typist. （ C） She had already made lots of money. （ D） She was very different from other girls in her school. （ A） She successfully flied through a thunderstorm. （ B） She
48、 watched a football game as a break. （ C） She couldnt land normally in Australia. （ D） She made a new record of flying to India. （ A） She set a new record of flying from Europe to India. （ B） She proved women could fly as well as men could. （ C） Her flight was the longest one ever made by human bein
49、g till then. （ D） She flied at the highest speed ever known to men till then. （ A） They can suggest and assist childrens play. （ B） They can give children opportunities to play things. （ C） They can make children excited. （ D） They can prevent children from crying. （ A） It determines the standard of one to reach to some degree. （ B） It is the happiest period during ones life. （ C） It is the most important time to mold ones character. （ D） It is the best time for children to learn new things. （ A） Th
