1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 714及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Should We Start Our Work-life or Go on with Our Education. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 许多大学生毕业生面
2、临着就业和深造的两难境地 2有人认为他们应该继续深造，有人认为他们应马上就业 3你的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement
3、 agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Obamas Success Isnt All Good News for Black Americans As Erin White watched the election results head
4、towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. “In that one second, it was a validation for my whole race,“ she recalls. “Ive always been an achiever,“ says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. “But there had always been
5、 these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now its like a barrier has been let down. “ Whites experience is what many psychologists had expected that Obama would prove to be a powerful
6、role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. “The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducat
7、ed,“ says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. “Hes very intelligent and eloquent.“ Sting in the Tail Ashby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obamas candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the “Obama effect“
8、is changing peoples views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a sting in the tail of the Obama effect. But first the good news， Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. In
9、deed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful, as Ray Friedman of Vanderbilt University and his colleagues discovered. They tested four separate groups at four key stages of Obamas presidential campaign. Each group consisted of around 120 adults of similar age and education, and
10、the test assessed their language skills. At two of these stages, when Obamas success was less than certain, the tests showed a clear difference between the scores of the white and black participants an average of 12. 1 out of 20, compared to 8.8, for example. When the Obama fever was at its height,
11、however, the black participants performed much better. Those who had watched Obamas acceptance speech as the Democrats presidential candidate performed just as well, on average, as the white subjects. After his election victory, this was true of all the black participants. Dramatic Shift What can ex
12、plain this dramatic shift? At the start of the test, the participants had to declare their race and were told their results would be used to assess their strengths and weaknesses. This should have primed the subjects with “stereotype threat“ an anxiety that their results will confirm negative stereo
13、types, which has been shown to damage the performance of African Americans. Obamas successes seemed to act as a shield against this. “We suspect they felt inspired and energised by his victory, so the stereotype threat wouldnt prove a distraction,“ says Friedman. Lingering Racism If the Obama effect
14、 is positive for African Americans, how is it affecting their white compatriots ( 同胞 ) ? Is the experience of having a charismatic ( 有魅力的 ) black president modifying lingering racist attitudes? There is no easy way to measure racism directly; instead psychologists assess what is known as “implicit b
15、ias“, using a computer-based test that measures how quickly people associate positive and negative words such as “love“ or “evil“ with photos of black or white faces. A similar test can also measure how quickly subjects associate stereotypical traits such as athletic skills or mental ability with a
16、particular group. In a study that will appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Plants team tested 229 students during the height of the Obama fever. They found that implicit bias had fallen by as much as 90% compared with the level found in a similar study in 2006. “Thats an unusual
17、ly large drop,“ Plant says. While the team cant be sure their results are due solely to Obama, they also showed that those with the lowest bias were likely to subconsciously associate black skin color with political words such as “government“ or “president“. This suggests that Obama was strongly on
18、their mind, says Plant. Drop in Bias Brian Nosek of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, who runs a website that measures implicit bias using similar tests, has also observed a small drop in bias in the 700, 000 visitors to the site since January 2007, which might be explained by Obamas ri
19、se to popularity. However, his preliminary results suggest that change will be much slower coming than Plants results suggest. Talking Honestly “People now have the opportunity of expressing support for Obama every day,“ says Daniel Effron at Stanford University in California. “Our research arouses
20、the concern that people may now be more likely to raise negative views of African Americans.“ On the other hand, he says, it may just encourage people to talk more honestly about their feelings regarding race issues, which may not be such a bad thing. Another part of the study suggests far more is a
21、t stake than the mere expression of views. The Obama effect may have a negative side. Just one week after Obama was elected president, participants were less ready to support policies designed to address racial inequality than they had been two weeks before the election. Huge Obstacles It could, of
22、course, also be that Obamas success helps people to forget that a disproportionate number of black Americans still live in poverty and face huge obstacles when trying to overcome these circumstances. “Barack Obamas family is such a salient (出色的 ) image, we generalise it and fail to see the larger pi
23、cture that theres injustice in every aspect of American life,“ says Cheryl Kaiser of the University of Washington in Seattle. Those trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remind people of the inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obama effect, she says. Though Pla
24、nts findings were more positive, she too warns against thinking that racism and racial inequalities are no longer a problem. “The last thing I want is for people to think everythings solved.“These findings do not only apply to Obama, or even just to race. They should hold for any role model in any c
25、ountry.“ Theres no reason we wouldnt have seen the same effect on our views of women if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected,“ says Effron. So the election of a female leader might have a downside for other women. Beyond Race We also dont yet know how long the Obama effect both its good s
26、ide and its badwill last. Political sentiment is notoriously changeable; What if things begin to go wrong for Obama, and his popularity slumps? And what if Americans become so familiar with having Obama as their president that they stop considering his race altogether? “Over time he might become his
27、 own entity,“ says Plant. This might seem like the ultimate defeat for racism, but ignoring the race of certain select individuals a phenomenon that psychologists call subtyping also has an insidious (隐伏的 ) side. “We think it happens to help people preserve their beliefs, so they can still hold on t
28、o the previous stereotypes.“ That could turn out to be the cruelest of all the twists to the Obama effect. 2 How did Erin White feel upon seeing Barack Obamas victory in the election? （ A） Excited. （ B） Victorious. （ C） Anxious. （ D） Relieved. 3 Before the election, Erin White had been haunted by th
29、e question of whether_. （ A） she could obtain her MBA degree （ B） she could go as far as she wanted in life （ C） she was overshadowed by her white peers （ D） she was really an achiever as a student 4 What is the focus of Ashby Plants study? （ A） Racist sentiments in America. （ B） The power of role m
30、odels. （ C） Personality traits of successful blacks. （ D） The dual character of African Americans. 5 In their experiments, Ray Friedman and his colleagues found that_. （ A） blacks and whites behaved differently during the election （ B） whites attitude towards blacks has dramatically changed （ C） Oba
31、mas election has eliminated the prejudice against blacks （ D） Obamas success impacted blacks performance in language tests 6 What do Brian Noseks preliminary results suggest? （ A） The change in bias against blacks is slow in coming. （ B） Bias against blacks has experienced an unusual drop. （ C） Webs
32、ite visitors opinions are far from being reliable. （ D） Obamas popularity may decline as time passes by. 7 A negative side of the Obama effect is that_. （ A） more people have started to criticise President Obamas racial policies （ B） relations between whites and African Americana may become tense ag
33、ain （ C） people are now less ready to support policies addressing racial inequality （ D） white people are likely to become more critical of African Americans 8 Cheryl Kaiser holds that people should be constantly reminded that_. （ A） Obamas success is sound proof of blacks potential （ B） Obama is bu
34、t a rare example of blacks excellence （ C） racial inequality still persists in American society （ D） blacks still face obstacles in political participation 9 According to Effron, if Hillary Clinton or Sarah Palin had been elected, there would also have been a negative effect on_. 10 It is possible t
35、hat the Obama effect will be short-lived if there is a change in peoples_. 11 The worst possible aspect of the Obama effect is that people could ignore his race altogether and continue to hold on to their old racial_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 l
36、ong conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide
37、which is the best answer. （ A） She must learn to understand Michaels humor better. （ B） She enjoys Michaels humor a great deal. （ C） She doesnt appreciate Michaels humor. （ D） She thinks Michael is not funny enough. （ A） A movie （ B） A lecture. （ C） A play. （ D） A speech. （ A） He thinks he can put o
38、ff the job. （ B） He thinks he can do it successfully. （ C） He is not certain if he can accomplish it. （ D） He is not sure if he can do it independently. （ A） The islands are very different from the North. （ B） The islands are a great distance from the North. （ C） The islands are similar to the North
39、. （ D） The islands make her cry for the North. （ A） In a doctors office. （ B） In a professors office. （ C） In a lawyers office. （ D） In a businessmans office. （ A） He doesnt write well enough. （ B） He hasnt got any professional experience. （ C） He is not a professional writer. （ D） He didnt perform
40、well in the interview. （ A） He is a plumber. （ B） He is a dentist. （ C） He is a gas station attendant （ D） He is an engineer. （ A） He thinks that they are of inferior quality. （ B） He thinks that they are a bargain. （ C） He thinks that they are overpriced. （ D） He thinks that they can be purchased a
41、t a cheaper price elsewhere. （ A） College professors. （ B） Computer users. （ C） Lonely people. （ D） Internet surfers. （ A） Suffering poor health. （ B） Causing anxiety. （ C） Becoming aggressive. （ D） Destroying personal contact. （ A） Joining a club. （ B） Using a timer. （ C） Putting the computer in th
42、e living room. （ D） Not spending hours uninterruptedly. （ A） The mans test. （ B） The womans research paper. （ C） Go swimming over at the student center. （ D） Plans for the evening. （ A） Because she wants to study for a test. （ B） Because she wants to go swimming at the student center. （ C） Because s
43、he has to do research in the library. （ D） Because she is not interested in the man. （ A） They will go to the Grill. （ B） They will go to the library. （ C） They will go swimming. （ D） They will walk home. （ A） That he is not a student this semester. （ B） That he is not a serious student. （ C） That h
44、e is not very concerned about the woman. （ D） That he is willing to compromise. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you
45、 must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） School and Education. （ B） Individuals in the United States. （ C） Responsibilities as Citizens. （ D） Tomorrows Decision-makers. （ A） Individual states. （ B） Federal government. （ C） Taxes of citizens. （ D） Parents. （ A） 20
46、. （ B） 22. （ C） 21. （ D） 23. （ A） Red. （ B） Yellow. （ C） White. （ D） Blue. （ A） The 2000 Olympic Games. （ B） The Euro 2004 international soccer contest. （ C） The 2006 Olympic Games. （ D） Both ) and ). （ A） Aggression. （ B） Ambition. （ C） Danger. （ D） Vigor. （ A） Reading magazine articles. （ B） Revie
47、wing book reports. （ C） Writing research papers. （ D） Selecting information sources. （ A） Hand in assignments late. （ B） Steal another persons ideas. （ C） Gather non-relevant materials. （ D） Share notes with someone else. （ A） In shorthand. （ B） In short phrases. （ C） In direct quotations. （ D） In t
48、he students own words. （ A） It should be assimilated thoroughly. （ B） It should be authorized by the source. （ C） It should be paraphrased by the authors. （ D） It should be enclosed in quotation marks. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is re
49、ad for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 The oldest and simplest method, then, of
