1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 776及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 有人认为读书要有选
2、择 2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the info
3、rmation given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Sports Many animals engage in play, but homo sapiens is the only animal to have invented sports. Since sports are an invent
4、ion, a part of culture rather than an aspect of nature, all definitions of sports are somewhat arbitrary. Whether sports are a human universal found in every known culture or a phenomenon unique to modern society depends upon ones definition of sports. Men and women have always run, jumped, climbed,
5、 lifted, thrown, and wrestled, but they have not always performed these physical activities competitively. Although all literate societies seem to have contests of one sort or another in which men, and sometimes women, compete in displays and tests of physical skill and prowess, sports may be strict
6、ly defined as physical contests performed for their own sake and not for some ulterior end. According to this strict definition, neither Neolithic (新石器时代的 ) hunters nor contestants in religious ceremonies such as the ancient Olympic Games were engaged in sports. Insistence on the stipulation that sp
7、orts must be performed for their own sake means the paradoxical elimination of many activities which are usually thought of as sports, such as exercises done for the sake of cardiovascular fitness, races run to satisfy a physical education requirement, ball games played to earn a paycheck. Strict de
8、finition also means abandonment of the traditional usage in which “sport“, derived from Middle English disporter, refers to any lighthearted recreational activity. In the minds of some 18th-century aristocrats, a game of backgammon (15子游戏 ) and the seduction of a milkmaid were both considered good s
9、port, but this usage of the term has become archaic. Strict conceptualization allows the construction of an evolutionary history of sports in which extrinsic political, economic, military, and religious motivations decrease in importance as intrinsic motivations participation for its own sake increa
10、se. The disadvantage, however, is that the determination that a given activity is truly a sport depends on the answer to a psychological question: What is the motivation of the participants? The question of motivation cannot be answered unambiguously. It is probable that the contestants of the ancie
11、nt Olympic Games were motivated by the intrinsic pleasure of the contest as well as by the religious imperatives of Greek cult. It is also probable that modern professional athletes are motivated by more than simply economic motives. Thus most scholars assume quietly that popular usage cannot be com
12、pletely wrong to refer, for instance, to U. S. professional National Football League games as sports. The psychological aspects of sports are more difficult to assess because factors such as motivation are more difficult to measure than the size of audience or the amount of a contract. The psycholog
13、ical tests that have been administered have produced such a welter of contradictory results that many specialists are ready to abandon the attempt to pinpoint motives. Some generalizations, however, seem tenable. On the whole, physical fitness and the desire for simple relaxation seem to motivate th
14、ose who shun competitive sports in favour of noncompetitive physical activities such as jogging, hiking, recreational swimming, and aerobics (although the development of aerobics contests testifies to the protean (变化多端的 ) nature of the competitive urge). Important to those who choose sports is the c
15、hallenge of the contest, the opportunity to test ones physical and mental skills against another person, against nature, or against the abstraction of the sports record. The choice of one sport over another depends on the cultural availability of the sport (few Laotians play baseball), on social gro
16、up (few truck drivers own polo ponies), on gender (women are not supposed to box), and on individual temperament (some people cannot enjoy golf). There is reason to believe that the distinction between team sports, which emphasize cooperation within the contest, and individual sports, which call for
17、 a greater sense of autonomy, is a fundamental one, although an individual may enjoy both. The will to win is a powerful motive, and individual athletes as well as coaches and administrators have studied such matters as the most efficient type of leadership and the optimal level of pregame stress. P
18、sychologists differ among themselves, but some contend that democratic leadership produces greater individual satisfaction while authoritarian leadership provides “results“ (i. e. , a higher level of achievement and, consequently, more victories). Many psychological studies have shown that female at
19、hletes tend to attribute failure to their lack of effort or skill while male athletes point to external factors such as luck or the strength of the opposition. It has also been established that the ideal level of pregame stress falls between utter relaxation and hypertension and depends in part on t
20、he sport; successful archery, for instance, calls for less pre-match aggressiveness than rugby does. Athletes in many sports such as golf, tennis, diving, high jumping, and pole vaulting, where form and timing are crucial, often resort to a different method of pregame “psyching“ called imaging or vi
21、sualizing. This does not so much build aggressiveness as write a visual mental script to be followed in the contest to come. Induced aggressiveness is, of course, a common technique, but “psyched-up“ players can be a menace to themselves and others. Injuries are but one consequence. As the desire to
22、 win increases in intensity, especially when the players symbolically represent schools, cities, nations, races, religions, or ideologies, considerations of fair play are liable to be lost in the scuffle (扭打 ). In such situations, aggressiveness on the field is often accompanied by violence in the s
23、tands, where crowd psychology operates (often in conjunction with alcohol) to reduce normal inhibitions on rowdy behaviour. Sports-related spectator violence is, however, often more strongly associated with social group than with the specific nature of the sport itself. Roman gladiatorial (格斗的 ) com
24、bats were, for example, historys most violent sport, but the closely supervised spectators, carefully segregated by social class and gender, rarely rioted. In modern times, association football is certainly less violent than rugby, but “soccer hooliganism“ is a worldwide phenomenon, while spectator
25、violence associated with the more upper-class but rougher sport of rugby has been minimal. Similarly, crowds at baseball games have been more unruly than the generally more affluent and better-educated fans of American football, although football is unquestionably the rougher sport. Efforts of the p
26、olice to curb sports-related violence are often counterproductive because the young working-class males responsible for most of the trouble are frequently hostile to the authorities. Media coverage of disturbances can also act to exaggerate their importance and to stimulate the crowd behaviour simul
27、taneously condemned and sensationalized, as is violence on the field. The frequent fights between U. S. National Hockey League players seem to be a consistent feature of sports highlights on television. 2 Personal temperament influences some people in their choice of sports. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 3
28、Sports-related spectator violence is often more strongly associated with social group than with the specific nature of the sport itself. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 4 Men and women always compete in running, jumping, climbing, lifting, throwing and wrestling. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 5 Political and economic
29、 motivations belong to the essential nature of sports in the history of sports. （ A） Y （ B） N （ C） NG 6 The aim of the psychological tests administered by many scientists is _. 7 Writing a visual mental script to be followed in the contest to come builds more aggressiveness than _. 8 In the traditio
30、nal usage, sports refer to _ activities. 9 Those who avoid competitive sports in favour of noncompetitive physical activities seem to be looking for _. 10 Instead of an aspect of nature, sports belong to the field of _. 11 Contrary to individual sports which call for a greater sense of autonomy, tea
31、m sports lay emphasis on _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each ques
32、tion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The train seldom arrives on time. （ B） The schedule has been misprinted. （ C） The speakers arrived at the station late. （ D） The company has trouble printing a
33、 schedule. （ A） She wants to borrow the mans student ID card. （ B） The tickets are less expensive than she expected. （ C） She wont be able to get any discount for the ticket. （ D） The performance turned out to be disappointing. （ A） The organization of a conference. （ B） The cost of renting a confer
34、ence room. （ C） The decoration of the conference room. （ D） The job of cleaning up the dining room. （ A） The man will go in for business fight after high school. （ B） The woman is not happy with the mans decision. （ C） The man wants to be a business manager. （ D） The woman is working in a kindergart
35、en. （ A） The woman doesnt like jam. （ B） The woman forgot where she had left the jar. （ C） The man had an accident. （ D） The man broke the jar. （ A） Opinions about the book are varied. （ B） The man thinks the book is excellent. （ C） You shouldnt believe everything you read. （ D） The woman wonders wh
36、ich newspaper the man is reading. （ A） Its quite normal. （ B） Its too high. （ C） Its cheap indeed. （ D） It could be cheaper. （ A） The admission of a patient. （ B） Diagnosis of an illness. （ C） The old mans serious condition. （ D） Sending for a doctor. （ A） They hate each other. （ B） They cherish eac
37、h ether. （ C） The boy care about the girl very much. （ D） The boy jokes the girl. （ A） Red. （ B） Black. （ C） White. （ D） Not all of the above. （ A） The girls friend. （ B） Their another sister. （ C） The boys dream girl. （ D） A pop star. （ A） The Waterfall Garden. （ B） The theatre. （ C） The Water Worl
38、d. （ D） The Ocean Park. （ A） The Water World. （ B） The Garden. （ C） The Waterfall Garden. （ D） The Cable Car terminal. （ A） In the Waterfall Garden. （ B） In the Children Zoo. （ C） In the Water World. （ D） In the Centenary Garden. （ A） The Fun Fair. （ B） The Water World. （ C） The Ocean Park. （ D） The
39、 Waterfall Garden. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,
40、B, C and D. （ A） He is a college student. （ B） He is fourteen-year-old boy. （ C） He is a newspaperman. （ D） He is a truck driver as well as a newspaperman. （ A） They appreciate his work by giving him extra money. （ B） They hate him because he disturbs their rest in the early morning. （ C） They think
41、 he doesnt do the work well. （ D） They like him because they can read newspapers in the morning. （ A） He hopes to win a new bicycle. （ B） He hopes that he will be an outstanding newspaper boy. （ C） He hopes to get more customers. （ D） He hopes to have a chance to go to Europe. （ A） Listening to adul
42、ts advice. （ B） Asking adults many questions. （ C） Learning from mistakes. （ D） Doing what adults do. （ A） Teach students the right way of thinking. （ B） Point out students mistakes and correct then. （ C） Give students correct answers and let them work on their own. （ D） Ask students work out the ri
43、ght answer first and explain to them later. （ A） Tell students to learn from others. （ B） Teach students more knowledge from books. （ C） Set good examples for students. （ D） Point out students mistakes whenever found. （ A） How historical events affected an art movement. （ B） How artists can influenc
44、e economic conditions. （ C） Why a certain art movement failed to become popular. （ D） How valuable paintings were lost during wartime. （ A） Many artists lost faith in the value of art. （ B） Many artists moved away from large cities. （ C） Many artists were forced to take jobs in other fields. （ D） Ma
45、ny artists in the United States moved to other countries. （ A） People working in a large factory. （ B） People walking on crowded city streets. （ C） An everyday activity in a small town. （ D） A well-known historical event. （ A） The populations of small towns increased rapidly. （ B） Art critics in cit
46、es began to take notice of regionalism. （ C） Some regionalist painters began a new art movement. （ D） Society became more internationally focused. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for
47、its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exac
48、t words you have just heard or write down the 36 The Spanish-American War took place in the late 1800s during the administration of President William McKinley. Unlike other presidents of the late 1800s, William McKinley spent much of his presidency dealing with foreign policy. The most serious probl
49、em 【 B1】 _Spain. Spain ruled Cuba at that time. Cuban rebels had started a fight for 【 B2】 _. The Spanish government promised the Cuban people 【 B3】 _rights and self-rule but in the future. President McKinley felt Spain should be left alone to 【 B4】 _ its promises. He also felt responsible for protecting the lives and 【 B5】 _of Americans in Cuba. When 【 B6】 _broke out in Havana, he ordered the battleship Maine to sail there. One night in early 1898, a powerful explo
