1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 781及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: “What Do You Think of Challenge?“ You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 挑战的意义 2. 如何迎
2、接挑战 3. 我的看法 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information give
3、n in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 End Your Back Pain Like an expensive but temperamental sports car, the human spin is beautifully designed and maddeningly unreliable. I
4、f you are a living, breathing human being, you have probably suffered the agony of back pain. And as long as people continue to lead overweight, sedentary and stressful lives, the number of sufferers is unlikely to go anywhere other than up. As it does, armies of new back-pain sufferers, many desper
5、ate and even disabled, will seek relief. When they do, theyll quickly discover just how complicated their problem really is, with its mystifying mix of physical symptoms and psychological underpinnings. The reality is that the agony will often go away on its own impossible as that may seem when you
6、are writhing (痛苦扭曲 ) on the kitchen floor. The Great Pain Mystery Back pain can originate anywhere in the elaborate spinal architecture. Degenerated discs (椎间盘 ), which many lead to herniation (突出 ) and compressed nerves, are a common problem. Then there those wrenching pain provoked by muscle injur
7、ies, which can drop grown men to the floor. Whats most mysterious about back problems is the frequent disconnect between anatomical defects and pain. Unlike blood pressure and cholesterol (胆固醇 ), which could be measured with arm cuffs and blood tests, lower-back pain has no objective way the volume
8、of tears? the intensity of a grimace? to be gauged. Many times, the precise cause of pain remains unknown. Imaging tests found that two people with herniated discs can lead radically different lives: One spends his days popping painkillers, the other waltzes through life. In a well-known study, rese
9、archers checked 98 healthy people: Two-thirds had abnormal discs even though none complained of pain. The real issue is why some people have a mild backache and some have really crippling pain. In another research, experts compared a group of patients who reported back pain with a control group who
10、did not. Close to two-thirds if the pain patients had cracks in their discs, so-called high-intensity zones, or HIZs. But so did 24 percent of the non-complainers. The answer has as much to do with the mind as with the body. In the HIZ study, the best predictor of pain was not how bad the defect loo
11、ked, but the patients psychological distress. Depression and anxiety have long been linked to pain; a recent Canadian study found that people who suffer from severe depression are four times more likely to develop intense or disabling neck or low-back pain. At New Yorks Hospital for Special Surgery,
12、 psychiatrist Gregory Lutz says he often sees men who have two things in common: crippling sciatica (坐骨神经痛 ) and an upcoming wedding date. The problem in their back, possibly a degenerated or herniated disc, likely already existed, says Dr. Lutz, but was intensified by the pre-marriage jitters. Spin
13、e Surgery Breakthrough Pain is pain, and many want a quick fix and that means surgery. Spinal-fusion surgery, one of the most invasive and costly forms of therapy (about 42,000) has more than doubled in the US since 1993, to about 350,000 in 2003. Discectomy, which is done less invasively, has also
14、spiked to 342,000 surgeries per year. But these procedures dont work for everyone. The increase in all spinal surgery has been promoted in part by technical advances promising better outcomes. Perhaps the most intriguing new development is the artificial cobalt-chrome disc. In October 2004, the US F
15、ood and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first such disc, the Charite, for patients with degenerative disc disease. The three-piece device has a sliding medical-grade plastic core sandwiched between two metal plates, which allows the spine to move. It is believed that, such discs, like knee re
16、placements, will give patients more mobility than traditional fusion surgery. And they will get out of bed a lot sooner too. The key is to be very specific and very careful about patient selection. Not everyone who has disc degeneration should have an operation. Alternative Treatments Doctors, worri
17、ed that too many patients seem willing to go under the knife, are now looking for simpler, more effective ways to treat one of the most vexing problems in medicine. For more and more people with back pain, alternative therapies are the way to go. Chiropractic care (指压疗法 ), the most popular nonsurgic
18、al back therapy, is booming, with 60,000 chiropractors practising in the US today. Some happy clients visit their chiropractors more often than their hair stylists. Experts generally agree that the treatment, which involves manipulation of the joints and tissues of the spine, is safe for the lower b
19、ack. It provides modest benefits equivalent to those of conventional treatments. Massage has an increasing number of proponents, and research shows it can help knead ont (揉掉 ) persistent pain. Steven Smith, a physical therapist at the Schuldt Performance uses massage on back-pain sufferers to loosen
20、 up muscles and increase blood flow. Its not exactly a spa-like experience, though. “Youve got to get in there deep to break the pain.“ Acupuncture (针灸 ) is also popular. The first large trial of the practice is now conducted at New Yorks Integrative Care Center, where therapist push the tiny needle
21、s into the patients. Acupuncture seems to stimulate the release of feel-good endorphins, has a cumulative effect. Patients describe a lingering euphoria, a nice happy state whether youve got a back problem or not. An Integrative Approach Jordan, a long-term back-pain sufferer, tried every wacky thin
22、g out there. “Faith healing, hanging from the ceiling, clicking my heels together and wishing I was home, you name it, Ive done it.“ Last year, feeling especially distressed, he tried biofeedback, a technique that trains him to distance himself from the pain. “I never get rid of the pain, but these
23、treatments provide some relief.“ says Jordan. If patients attitudes can help the pain, can more creative thinking among the experts improve the odds of beating it? Dr. Eisenberg, head of Harvard Medical Schools Osher Institute, is spearheading an National Institutes of Health-funded pilot program to
24、 find out. A diverse group of 25 specialists meet regularly to educate one another on how they diagnose and treat back pain. They intend to see if there is a more efficient, multi-disciplinary way to attack the problem, and to make it cost-effective too. No wonder theres a flood of interest in alter
25、native medicine. Even New Yorks Hospital for Special Surgery opened a complementary-medicine center four years ago. Now about 13,000 patients a year, many with bad back, see its rehab specialists, massage therapists and chiropractors, as well as taking yoga and tai chi classes any noninvasive approa
26、ch they can find to relieve the pain. Can Rage Ruin Your Back? Dr. Sarno, a professor at New York University School of Medicine, believes almost all back pain is rooted in bottled-up feelings. Samo explains how repressed rage and anxiety can stress the body, eventually manifesting itself as muscle s
27、pasm (抽搐 ), nerve dysfunction, numbness and pain. Recovery begins with recognition the connection between the body and the mind. “Pain is created by the brain to make sure the rage doesnt come out.“ says Sarno. But skeptics say Samo is offering a placebo (安慰剂 ), which could miss the true cause of th
28、e pain. After centuries of agony, humanity could certainly use some relief. But more important than the success of any treatment is the good news that back-pain sufferers and doctors are embracing bold new ways to think about the most exquisite and frustrating work of art: the spine. 2 What accounts
29、 for the increasing number of back pain sufferers in modern life is a number of factors such as overweight, lack of exercise and _ . （ A） plain ageing （ B） spine defects （ C） surgical failures （ D） mental stress 3 Whats so mysterious about back problems? （ A） The impossibility to measure the intensi
30、ty of the pain. （ B） The unknown origin of the pain. （ C） The disconnect between spine defects and pain. （ D） The low percentage of people with abnormal discs among the healthy. 4 The phenomenon of men having two things sciatica and upcoming wedding in common indicates that _ . （ A） pre-marriage anx
31、iety is inevitable for most men （ B） psychological distress may contribute to low-back pain （ C） almost all bridegrooms have a degenerated or herniated disc （ D） back pain may intensify pre-marriage jitters 5 _ , artificial disc operation is considered a better option than the traditional fusion sur
32、gery. （ A） Giving patients greater mobility and quicker recovery （ B） Suitable for every back-pain sufferers （ C） Being less invasive and costly （ D） With fewer post-operation side effects 6 People who want their back pain to be fixed quickly often resort to _ . （ A） surgery （ B） chiropractic care （
33、 C） massage （ D） acupuncture 7 Besides relieving back pain, acupuncture also seems to give patients _ . （ A） a spa-like experience （ B） a lingering happy feeling （ C） modest benefits in skin care （ D） increased blood circulation 8 Whats the purpose of the National Institutes of Health-funded pilot p
34、rogram? （ A） To find out whether the patients attitude help the pain. （ B） To experiment with advanced surgical treatments. （ C） To search for a cost-effective, integrative treatment. （ D） To investigate experts opinions on various treatments. 9 The great number of patients visiting the complementar
35、y-medicine center at New Yorks Hospital for Special Surgery reflects _ in the US. 10 According to Dr. Sarno, almost all kinds of back pain could be attributed to _ . 11 The autho feels _ about humanitys final victory in the century-old battle against back-pain. Section A Directions: In this section,
36、 you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fo
37、ur choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） They are looking for a train station. （ B） They are waiting for a performance. （ C） They are repairing their car. （ D） They are listening to the radio. （ A） Mississippi River is 6,040 kilometers. （ B） Yukon River is 3,186 kil
38、ometers. （ C） Alaska River is 3,168 kilometers. （ D） Colorado River is 2,186 kilometers. （ A） Hosting a seminar. （ B） Giving a lecture. （ C） Giving a report. （ D） Introducing a book. （ A） She is the supervisor of the HR department. （ B） Her friend is the supervisor of the HR department. （ C） She can
39、 help the man to get an interview opportunity. （ D） She has some relatives working for the company. （ A） He doesnt know her at all. （ B） He wont recommend her to the woman. （ C） He needs to hire her for his son. （ D） He has asked her to work for him at weekdays. （ A） The workers make many complaints
40、. （ B） The workers make a lot of objections. （ C） The workers make lots of proposals. （ D） The workers make numerous mistakes. （ A） They are fast-growing. （ B） They are not trust-worthy. （ C） They are profitable. （ D） They are set up by department stores. （ A） He cant help the woman because its too
41、dark to see. （ B） He cant help the woman because he doesnt want to miss the act. （ C） He cant let her in because there are no seats left. （ D） He cant show her the way because it is not the right time. （ A） Ask himself a lot of questions. （ B） Know his own needs and wants. （ C） Figure out what his a
42、udience is interested in. （ D） Put his notes in order ahead. （ A） Summarize the material which is familiar to the listeners. （ B） Give detailed facts and numbers that the audience have known. （ C） Ask the audience many questions. （ D） Give different ideas which are beyond the audiences understanding
43、. （ A） A good speaker knows clearly what he needs and wants. （ B） A good speaker knows its very important to attract the attention of his audience. （ C） A good speaker has to give his audience some in-depth views. （ D） A good speaker knows how he delivers his speech determines the audiences feedback
44、. （ A） New foods to try when traveling. （ B） Making reservations for the best travel. （ C） Avoiding gaining weight while traveling. （ D） Adjusting to time changes when traveling. （ A） It changes the bodys metabolism through rapid weight gain. （ B） It tricks the body into responding as if it were in
45、a different time zone. （ C） It promotes increased alertness by adding snacks to the diet. （ D） It builds resistance to illness by increasing intake of vitamins. （ A） He feels rushed. （ B） He hates to pack. （ C） He doesnt like to restrict his diet. （ D） Hes worried about his lecture. （ A） He has a bi
46、g appetite. （ B） He eats only at regulate mealtimes. （ C） He avoids new foods. （ D） He eats only healthful foods. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only on
47、ce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Collapse and delirium. （ B） Indigestion and depression. （ C） Liability to lose ones temper. （ D） Complications and illness. （ A） Singing and dancing. （ B） Eating and drinking. （ C） Screami
48、ng and dancing. （ D） Shopping and watching movies. （ A） Stress may cause serious problems. （ B） There are many methods of coping with stress. （ C） What is the most important is that people can deal with stress effectively rather than how people cope with it. （ D） What are the most effective methods
49、of relieving stress. （ A） Two. （ B） Three. （ C） Four. （ D） Five. （ A） Business success takes a high level of activity. （ B） Top managers are generally gifted at judging people. （ C） Business success takes the ability to cope with stress. （ D） Different executives make their communications come through in different ways. （ A） Be unable to breathe. （ B） Be overcome by pressure. （ C） Become speechless. （ D） Be scared by pressure. （ A） Parents share more interests with the
