1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 811及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Colleges Focus on Talent Training or Scientific Research? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1高校应当注重人才培养还是科研一直备受关注 2人们观点不一 3我的观点
2、Should Colleges Focus on Talent Training or Scientific Research? 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for Y
3、ES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Returning to Science Teresa Garrett was working part-time as a biochemistry postdo
4、c (博士后 ). She had an infant at home, and she was miserable. She and her husband were considering having a second child. She didnt like leaving her daughter with a daycare provider, and she wondered if her slim income justified the expense of childcare. She decided to stay home full time. It was a lo
5、nely but practical decision, she says. She hadnt ruled out the possibility but she did not expect to return to science: After all, the conventional wisdom would equate several years of parenting leave with the end of a research career. Garrett eventually had two daughters and spent their early years
6、 at home. The challenge of managing a science career and personal family obligations is not a new issue, particularly for women. In a career where productivity and publications define your value, can you take a couple of years off and then make a successful return? When you do, will employers trust
7、your devotion to your job? For Garrett, the answer to both questions was “Yes.“ First, she found a short-term teaching tutor at Duke University, the institution where she had done her Ph. D. And then Christian Raetz, who had been her Ph.D. adviser, offered her a postdoc. The timing was perfect: She
8、was ready to start a more regular work schedule, and her husband was interested in starting a business. Today, she is a chemistry professor at Vassar College. Garrett credits Raetz both for his faith in her abilities and his willingness to judge her contributions on quality and productivity and not
9、the number of hours she spent in the laboratory. “People are always shocked to know that you can take time off and come back,“ she says. Returning to research after an extended personal leave is possible, but it may not be straightforward. Progress can be slow and there may be some fallout from a br
10、eak. The path back doesnt come with a road map or a timeline. Your reentry will have a different rhythm than your initial approach because this time you have to balance your career with the needs of a family. The uncertainty can make you feel isolated and alone. But if you are persistent and take ad
11、vantage of the resources that are available, you can get it done. Stepping Sideways After time away from the work force, its particularly easy to underestimate your value as a scientist and hence to take one or more backward steps. Dont, says Ruth Ross, who nearly made that mistake after spending 4
12、years at home with her children. A Ph. D. pharmacologist with industry experience, she applied for a technician job at the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom as she planned her return to science. She would have taken the job if it had been offered, she says, but “that probably would have b
13、een a bad career move.“ As it turned out, the university decided she was over-qualified. Instead of taking a step back, take a step sideways: If you left a postdoc, return to a postdoc, perhaps with a special career reentry fellowship. A faculty member at Aberdeen encouraged Ross to apply for a newl
14、y established career reentry fellowship from the Wellcome Trust. Funding from that organization supported her postdoctoral research until the university hired her into a faculty position in 2002. After 2 years at home with her son and twin daughters followed by 3 years searching for project manageme
15、nt jobs in the biotech industry, biochemist Pia Abola got wind of an opening at the Molecular Sciences Institute (MSI). An MSI staff scientist needed skills like hers but lacked money, so the two applied jointly for an NIH career reentry supplement. Shes now a protein biochemist and grant writer at
16、Prosetta Bioconformatics. Independence and Flexibility Instead of stepping backward or sideways, physicist Shireen Adenwalla took a step forward. Instead of taking another postdoc, she set up an independent research program on soft money. Early in her career, Adenwalla took 15 months off, caring for
17、 her first child and then looking for another postdoc. When she and her physicist husband decided to move to the University of Nebraska, Lincoln he had accepted a tenure-track position Adenwalla turned down postdoc opportunities. Instead she arranged a visiting faculty position, followed by a post a
18、s a research assistant professor. “I think that was a very smart thing,“ she says today. “Establishing an independent research program is very important.“ Her starting salary was just $ 15 000, and she got just $ 5 000 in start-up assistance. She borrowed equipment, taught courses, took on graduate
19、students, and published her research. She had a lab and an office, but both got moved around her lab three times, her office twice. Adenwalla missed having real start-up money, her own equipment, and the institutional investment that comes with a tenure-track position. On the other hand, she was her
20、 own boss, so she was able to take 6 months off when she had her second child and work part time for a while after her third child was born. Eventually she was hired to a tenure-track post. Flexible or part-time hours can smooth the transition back into the scientific work force. Some reentry fellow
21、ships specify a part-time option and most are accommodating, but even if you dont have a fellowship you can ask for a work schedule that meets your needs. Ross, for example, took advantage of the part-time provision of the Wellcome Trust Fellowship. When Garrett took the position on the Lipid Maps g
22、rant, she negotiated a 30-hour-a-week schedule. Patience: an Essential Virtue Two months before physicist Marija Nikolic-Jarics scheduled dissertation (专题论文 )defense at Simon Fraser University, her husband was diagnosed with an aggressive brain tumor. Over the next 17 months, she focused on her husb
23、and and his cancer treatments. After his death, she moved with her little son to Winnipeg to be near family. She tried to jump-start her thesis project several times, the first in 1998, but she wasnt ready yet and became discouraged. Eventually, she found the motivation to return. She started from t
24、he beginning, with a new approach. She finished her Ph. D. in 2008. Now a postdoc at the University of Manitoba, she has moved into a new research area biomicrofluidics. This year, her work is supported by an M. Hildred Blewett Scholarship, a career reentry grant from the American Physical Society.
25、Elizabeth Freeland, too, continues to work toward a permanent research position a decade after her return. When she followed her future husband to his postdoc at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, and subsequently to Chicago, Illinois, she wasnt able to find a compatible research opp
26、ortunity. Since then, she has cared for the couples two young children, taught part time, and found a few short-term research opportunities, some paid, others not. Like Nikolic-Jaric, Freeland is a physicist, and like that other physicists she switched fields. Freeland moved from condensed matter th
27、eory to high-energy physics. She scraped together two one-year postdoctoral grants, the first from the American Association of University Women and the second is a Blewett Scholarship. Unable to find a permanent position locally, in September she started a one-year postdoc at Washington University i
28、n St Louis. The location is challenging, she says, but she is encouraged by the support of her mentors (导师 ). And because her work is theoretical, she can spend alternate weeks at home with her husband and school-age children. Its a great research opportunity, she says, one she hopes will someday yi
29、eld a job closer to her family. She also runs a Web site for physicists navigating career breaks. Finding Your Own Way Back Though students sometimes see her as a role model, Adenwalla cautions that what worked for her might not be the best solution for others. “You have to find whats right for you,
30、“ she says, and ignore those with different circumstances and needs. Her own journey was a tradeoff, she says. On the plus side, she was able to pick her children up at school every day. On the minus side, she says, “there was a fear inside me that I would never make it. “ Garrett tells everyone abo
31、ut her journey, even noting it on her Vassar Web site. “Both young women and young men who are coming up through their career path need to know about the different ways that you can have a good and satisfying career in science.“ 2 When Garrett stayed at home, she was prevented from expecting to retu
32、rn to science because of her_. （ A） common sense （ B） several years of parenting leave （ C） slim income （ D） coming second child 3 When Garrett is a chemistry professor, Raetz judges her contributions on_. （ A） the number of hours she spent in laboratory （ B） her willingness to contribute （ C） the q
33、uality and productivity of her work （ D） her regular work schedule 4 According to the passage, Ruth Ross almost committed the mistake that_. （ A） she underestimated her ability （ B） she took a step back （ C） she spent 4 years at home （ D） she took a step sideways 5 Before Pia Abola got a position at
34、 the MSI, she spent at home_. （ A） two years （ B） three years （ C） four years （ D） five years 6 Shireen Adenwalla moved her lab and office frequently because_. （ A） her house moved to Nebraska （ B） she kept getting promoted （ C） the equipment was borrowed （ D） she couldnt get abundant funding 7 Mari
35、ja Nikolic-Jarics dissertation defense at Simon Fraser University was delayed because of her_. （ A） husbands disease （ B） toddler son （ C） faraway family （ D） discouraging jump-start 8 In 1998, Nikolic-Jaric failed her thesis project because of her_. （ A） husbands death （ B） lack of motivation （ C）
36、lack of preparation （ D） new approach 9 Before she switched fields, Freelands former research direction was_. 10 In addition to the one-year postdoc at Washington University, Freeland runs a Web site for physicists to_. 11 According to Garrett, if young people want to succeed in science, they need t
37、o know_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be
38、a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The nearest restaurant. （ B） A furnished restaurant. （ C） A French restaurant. （ D） The nearest supermarket. （ A） Pay attention to a new test. （ B） Read some rules of an exam. （
39、C） Take the drivers test. （ D） Focus on some key points of a test. （ A） They neednt worry about their workspace. （ B） Work-related injuries are increasing recently. （ C） They should rethink their workspace. （ D） They are doing heavy lifting inside their office. （ A） Its closed on Sunday. （ B） Its su
40、pposed to be open now. （ C） The man has locked it at nine. （ D） The man posted the schedule on the door. （ A） Reading the new score criteria. （ B） Discussing how to choose the winner. （ C） Talking about the new winner. （ D） Analyzing the errors that have happened. （ A） Cameron shouldnt have wasted m
41、oney on the CDs. （ B） Cameron should have bought the same movie CDs as the woman. （ C） The woman has spent all her money for Camerons CDs. （ D） The woman has also bought some CDs she had seen. （ A） There were many packed gifts in the room. （ B） The room was not large enough for the audience. （ C） Th
42、e audience enjoyed the womans presentation. （ D） The woman expected more people for the presentation. （ A） It is very clever. （ B） It can make a great program plan. （ C） It is very useful. （ D） It is easy to operate. （ A） He is very tired after work. （ B） He still has some work to do. （ C） He doesnt
43、 like loud noises. （ D） He is tired of social life. （ A） It can remold the human character. （ B） It is helpful to peoples career success. （ C） It will expand peoples knowledge. （ D） It will overcome peoples defects. （ A） Through the advertisement in the newspaper. （ B） Through the mans introduction
44、in a meeting. （ C） Through the BBS on the Internet. （ D） Through an acquaintance she met in a club. （ A） To gain some information about the professor. （ B） To ask the tuition and the location of the course. （ C） To learn some details about the course. （ D） To sign up for the course for his roommates
45、. （ A） They dry in a short time. （ B） They are easy to clean. （ C） They can be obtained conveniently. （ D） They are made from the superior oils. （ A） Do something like anyone else. （ B） Help less advanced classmates. （ C） Practice techniques he has learned. （ D） Learn how to design and use colour. （
46、 A） At 8 a.m. today. （ B） At 5 p.m. today. （ C） Next Monday morning. （ D） Next Monday afternoon. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hea
47、r a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） The number of teachers has decreased. （ B） The quality of higher education has declined. （ C） The higher education has expanded massively. （ D） The chances of entering college have been limited. （ A） The h
48、igher education has lost its significance. （ B） More and more young people can enter the college. （ C） Many high school students dont want to go to college. （ D） The number of students in high school has increased. （ A） All high school students in America can enter the college. （ B） The government n
49、eeds to spend lots of money on education. （ C） The college students never care about their points. （ D） Some poorly-prepared high school students expect to enter college. （ A） They cant afford the expense on broadband. （ B） They can use broadband freely in their offices. （ C） They just dont want to have broadband. （ D） They dont have access to broadband. （ A） Drive to someplace where it can offer wireless signal. （ B） Resort to their friends and colleagues. （ C） Go
