1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 819及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Career or Marriage? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1目前许多大四女生不忙求职忙相亲 2产生这种现象的原因 3 我的看法 Career or Marriage? 二、 Part II Reading Compreh
2、ension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the st
3、atement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Factors for Stress and Anxiety At some point in their lives virtually everyone will experience stressful events or situations that overwhelm their natural coping mechanisms.
4、 In one poll, 89% of respondents indicated that they had experienced serious stress in their lives. Some people are simply biologically prone to stress. Factors leading to stress and anxiety mainly are as follows: Risk Factors Conditions that are most likely to be associated with stress and negative
5、 physical effects include the following: An accumulation of persistent stressful situations, particularly those that a person cannot easily control(for example, high-pressured work plus an unhappy relationship). Persistent stress following a severe acute response to a stabbing event(such as an autom
6、obile accident). Acute stress accompanying serious illness, such as heart disease. People respond to stress differently, depending on different factors: Early nurturing: Abusive behavior towards children may cause long-term abnormalities(反常 )in the hypothalamus-pituitary system, which regulates stre
7、ss. Personality traits: Certain people have personality traits that cause them to over-respond to stressful events. Genetic factors: Some people have genetic factors that affect stress, such as having a more or less efficient relaxation response. One study found a genetic abnormality in serotonin(血清
8、素 )regulation that was connected with a heightened reaction of heart rates and blood pressure in response to stress.(Serotonin is a brain chemical involved with feelings of well-being.) Immune-regulated diseases: Certain diseases that are associated with immune abnormalities such as rheumatoid arthr
9、itis(类风湿性关节炎 )may actually weaken a response to stress. The length and quality of stressors: Naturally, the longer the duration and the more intense the stressors, the more harmful the effects. Childhood Factors Children are frequent victims of stress because they are often unable to communicate the
10、ir feelings accurately. They also have trouble communicating their responses to events over which they have no control. Certain physical symptoms, notably repeated abdominal pain without a known cause, may be indicators of stress in children. Various conditions can affect their susceptibility to str
11、ess. Parental stress, especially in mothers, is a particularly powerful source of stress in children, even more important than poverty or overcrowding. Young children of mothers who are highly stressed(particularly if they were depressed)tend to be at high risk for developing stress-related problems
12、. This may be especially true if the mothers were stressed during both the childs infancy and early years. Some evidence even supports the old idea that stress during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the infants mood and behavior. Older children with stressed mothers may become aggressive and a
13、nti-social. Another study suggested that stress-reduction techniques in parents may improve their childrens behavior. Adolescent boys and girls experience equal amounts of stress, but the source and effects may differ. Girls tend to become stressed from interpersonal situations, and stress is more l
14、ikely to lead to depression in girls than in boys. For boys, however, specific events, such as changing schools or getting poor grades, appear to be the major sources of stress. Work and Stress In a study of 46,000 workers, health care costs were 147% higher in workers who were stressed or depressed
15、 than in others who were not. Furthermore, according to one survey, 40% of American workers describe their jobs as very stressful, making job-related stress an important and preventable health hazard. Several studies are now suggesting that job-related stress is as great a threat to health as smokin
16、g or not exercising. Stress impairs concentration, causes sleeplessness, and increases the risk for illness, back problems, accidents, and lost time from work. Work stress can lead to harassment or even violence while on the job. At its most extreme, chronic stress places a burden on the heart and c
17、irculation that in some cases may be fatal. The Japanese even have a word for sudden death due to overwork, karoushi. Many institutions within the current culture, while paying lip service to stress reduction, put intense pressure on individuals to behave in ways that increase tension. Yet, there ar
18、e numerous effective management tools and techniques available to reduce stress. Furthermore, treatment for work-related stress has proven benefits for both the employee and employer. In one study, at the end of 2 years, a company that instituted a stress management program saved nearly $ 150,000 in
19、 workers compensations costs(the cost of the program was only $6,000). Other studies have reported specific health benefits resulting from workplace stress-management programs. In one of the studies, workers with hypertension experienced reduced blood pressure after even a brief(16-hour)program that
20、 helped them manage stress behaviorally. In general, however, few workplaces offer stress management programs, and it is usually up to the employees to find their own ways to reduce stress. Here are some suggestions: Seek out someone in the Human Resources department or a sympathetic manager and com
21、municate concerns about job stress. Work with them in a non-confrontational way to improve working conditions, letting them know that productivity can be improved if some of the pressure is off. Establish or reinforce a network of friends at work and at home. Restructure priorities and eliminate unn
22、ecessary tasks. Learn to focus on positive outcomes. If the job is unendurable, plan and execute a career change. Send out resumes or work on getting a transfer within the company. If this isnt possible, be sure to schedule daily pleasant activities and physical exercise during free time. It may be
23、helpful to keep in mind that bosses are also victimized by the same stressful conditions they are imposing. For example, in one study of male managers in three Swedish companies, those who worked in a bureaucracy had greater stress-related heart risks than those who worked in companies with social s
24、upports. Caregiving Studies show that caregivers of physically or mentally disabled family members are at risk for chronic stress. One study reported that overall mortality rates were over 60% higher in caregivers who were under constant stress. Spouses caring for a disabled partner are particularly
25、 vulnerable to a range of stress-related health threats, including influenza, depression, heart disease, and even poorer survival rates. Caring for a spouse with even minor disabilities can induce severe stress. Intervention programs that are aimed at helping the caregiver approach the situation pos
26、itively can reduce stress, and help the caregiver maintain a positive attitude. A 2002 program also demonstrated that moderate-intensity exercise was very helpful in reducing stress and improving sleep in caregivers. Caregiving among the health professionals is also a high risk factor for stress. On
27、e study, for example, found that registered nurses with low job control, high job demands, and low work-related social support experienced very dramatic health declines, both physically and emotionally. Anxiety Disorders People who are less emotionally stable or have high anxiety levels tend to expe
28、rience specific events as more stressful than others. Some doctors describe an exaggerated negative response to stress as treating the event as a catastrophe. Nevertheless, a 2003 study of patients with anxiety disorder did not find any differences in actual physical response to stress(heart rate, b
29、lood pressure, release of stress hormones)compared to people without anxiety. Lacking a Social Network The lack of an established network of family and friends predisposes(使预先有倾向 )one to stress disorders and stress-related health problems, including heart disease and infections. A study, meanwhile,
30、reported that older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children are buffered against the adverse health effects of chronic stress-inducing situations, such as low-income or lower-social class. Another study suggested this may be because people who live alone are unable to disc
31、uss negative feelings as a means to relieve their stress. Studies of people who remain happy and healthy despite many life stresses conclude that most have very good networks of social support. One study indicated that support even from strangers reduced blood pressure surges in people undergoing a
32、stressful event. Many studies suggest that having a pet helps reduce medical problems aggravated by stress, including heart disease and high blood pressure. 2 Stress is most likely to rise from conditions in which_. （ A） two persons with different characteristics work together （ B） a person always r
33、ecalls past painful experience （ C） a person has just gotten over a serious physical disease （ D） parents abuse their children too much in early nurturing 3 Immune-regulated diseases are related to stress because such diseases_. （ A） tend to produce a stress-related chemical （ B） will affect a perso
34、ns character severely （ C） will make people weak in body and soul （ D） tend to undermine the response to stress 4 We can consider our children under stress when they_. （ A） are unable to communicate their feelings accurately （ B） have trouble communicating their responses to events （ C） often feel a
35、bdominal pain without a known reason （ D） have a poor and overcrowded family 5 Stress is likely to strike teenaged girls when they_. （ A） have an aggressive and anti-social mother （ B） fail to build a sound relationship with pals （ C） get into a new school environment （ D） fail to pass an important
36、school test 6 Which one is the most serious effect of chronic work stress according to the passage? （ A） Harassment. （ B） Violence. （ C） Heart burden. （ D） Karoushi. 7 The 2-year-long study is presented in the passage mainly to show that stress management programs_. （ A） cost little （ B） cost much （
37、 C） benefit the employers （ D） benefit the employees 8 What does the author suggest doing when we cant endure a job? （ A） Changing to a new institute. （ B） Asking senior colleagues for help. （ C） Founding a sound social network. （ D） Focusing more on positive outcomes. 9 Caregivers of disabled famil
38、y members are reported to undergo a mortality rate of_ 10 According to the program in 2002, caregivers were expected to reduce stress by_. 11 Older people who maintain active relationships with their adult children have less stress because they have someone to_. Section A Directions: In this section
39、, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the f
40、our choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The professors class is very boring. （ B） The professors class is very interesting. （ C） One cup of coffee is enough for him to keep awake in the class. （ D） He likes to drink two cups of coffee before the professors class.
41、（ A） He can go to the gym to have a bath. （ B） He should buy a new pipe from the gyms. （ C） He can go to the gym to consult the experts. （ D） He can turn to the gym to have the water pipe repaired. （ A） She should give up the class. （ B） She has to wait another time for registration. （ C） She can co
42、me back for registration a week later. （ D） She can come back to see if there is a chance after the first week. （ A） The library has very few sociology journals. （ B） She cant find any useful journals in the library. （ C） The man should have checked the journals as well. （ D） The journal collection
43、is as extensive as the book collection. （ A） There will be much rain in May. （ B） They wont have free time in May. （ C） They have some financial problems. （ D） They cant have everything got ready by then. （ A） She will play basketball. （ B） She will go to see Lily. （ C） She will go swimming. （ D） Sh
44、e will play volleyball. （ A） It will be sunny. （ B） It will be very cold. （ C） It will be windy. （ D） It will be rainy. （ A） He doesnt want to be judged by the woman. （ B） The audience all seemed to enjoy the concert. （ C） Hes glad that the woman can tell how he feels. （ D） More people went to the c
45、oncert than expected. （ A） Students receive credit for work experience. （ B） The professor videotapes class lectures for review. （ C） Classes are held at various locations throughout the area. （ D） Students are not required to attend regular class lectures. （ A） It doesnt require any examinations. （
46、 B） It promotes the concept of self-learning. （ C） It allows more flexibility in students schedule. （ D） It allows students to meet teachers from other universities. （ A） It will increase the size of the class. （ B） It limits interaction among students. （ C） It requires too much traveling to differe
47、nt cities. （ D） It will force students to watch too much television. （ A） After midnight. （ B） After she goes swimming. （ C） When shes bored. （ D） When she cant concentrate. （ A） He lost his meal tickets. （ B） The cafeteria food was awful. （ C） He missed his favorite TV program. （ D） His TV was brok
48、en. （ A） He wasted his time. （ B） He didnt understand the womans explanation. （ C） He watched only one program. （ D） He was so bored. （ A） Part of the brain requires more nutrients. （ B） Part of the brain is not used at all. （ C） It takes shorter to process visual information. （ D） It takes longer t
49、o process complex information. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） To show that too many words are of no use. （ B） To show that the English prefer to make long speeches. （ C） To show that even talk and silence can be culturally different.
