1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 838及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to live a Low-carbon Life? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1近年来低碳生活方式受到人们的欢迎 2 低碳生活的意义 3为此，我们可以 How to live a Low-carbon Life? 二、
2、 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passa
3、ge; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Nurse Home Visits: A Boost for Low-Income Parents Nurse home visitor Tammy Ballard has had some memorable experiences in close to a decade of helping
4、 new mothers raising their children in poverty in Dayton, Ohio. Once, she arrived at a new clients home to find a TV news crew waiting outside; apparently, someone fleeing gunfire had sought shelter there. Another time, she knocked on a door only to hear screaming in response, but no one would let h
5、er in. Later she learned it was the familys parrots, which had been trained to shout at visitors. Ballards jobwhen she can get in the houseis to try to give low-income parents a leg up. She teaches them many of the same child-rearing techniques that give the children of middle-class and educated par
6、ents an edge socially and in schooland that instruction is often eye-opening for both Ballard and her clients. You would be surprised to know what new parents dont know, Ballard says, recalling the case of one father who thought babies couldnt hear at birth. He asked, “When do their eyes open? He th
7、ought they were like puppies,“ she says. Theres no doubt that low-income parentsindeed, most new parentscould use a little guidance. In some countries, like France, that guidance is institutionalized. Nurse home visits for all pregnant and new mothers are routine and free of charge, sponsored by the
8、 government. In the U.S. the national Nurse-Family Partnership program(NFP)covers about 16,300 families living in poverty in 25 states, but President Obama has said he plans to expand the benefit, extending it to every first-time poor mother in the countryabout 570,000 women each year. The President
9、s stimulus plan includes more than $3 billion in funding for early-childhood-intervention programs such as Head Start and Early Head Start. The question is, will the money make a real difference in childrens lives? In a recent article in The New York Times, Douglas Besharov of the conservative think
10、 tank American Enterprise Institute and a colleague argued that expanding pre-kindergarten programs “without demanding reforms will not help children.“ Other critics have also stated that funding early-childhood initiatives is just a consolation to liberal interest groups. . But the science supporti
11、ng warm and fuzzy early-childhood interventions is sound and is only getting stronger. “Theres converging evidence from neuroscience(神经学 ), social science and animal data,“ says Martha Farah, director of the Center for Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Pennsylvania. “If you want to invest
12、societal resources where they will have the biggest benefit for all of us, clearly the evidence is there now that protecting children from the worst kinds of deprivation in their youngest years will result in more functional, capable, prosocial citizens.“ The NFP was developed in the 1970s by David
13、Olds, a professor of pediatrics and preventive medicine at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. NFP involves about 64 home visits from a nurse during the first 2 years of a childs life. Many of the new mothers who receive the benefit are single, are on welfare, have low education level
14、s and are dealing with addiction, mental illness and family violence. Nurses visit once a week during pregnancy and early infancy, answering health questions, teaching basic parenting skills and, crucially, helping moms whose own early lives were often characterized by chaos build confidence that th
15、ey can do better for their children. These visits have a pretty good payoff. A recent analysis by the Rand Corp. found that for every dollar spent providing nurse visitors to high-risk families, the government could save nearly $6 in welfare, juvenile-justice and health-care costs down the line. Div
16、idends for the families well-being may be even higher. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association(J.A.M.A.)a few years ago found that children in the north of New York whose mothers were visited by nurses during pregnancy and two years after birth were 59% less likely to ha
17、ve been arrested 15 years later, compared with a control group. Another study, also in J.A.M.A., found that nurse home visits were associated with a nearly 50% drop in rates of child abuse or neglect in new families and that visits increased the amount of time between a mothers first and second preg
18、nancies. Rates of hypertension(高血压 ), which is known to interfere with fetal brain development, were also reduced. And mothers spent less time on welfare and worked more. Theres really no mystery to the programs success, says Olds. Simple interventions, like encouraging new parents to show affection
19、 to their children or to talk to them more, result in huge rewards for babies. In poor families, adults tend to speak to babies only to issue commands, in a business-only style of parenting rather than talking to children to communicate affection, identify objects, introduce concepts or teach langua
20、gea phenomenon more common in middle-class and wealthy households. Studies have shown that by pre-school age, children whose parents gesture or talk to them less in babyhood know significantly fewer vocabulary words than children whose parents engage them more often. That deficit can affect students
21、 performance for years. What happens early has a long-term impact, says Olds. Indeed, about 90% of a childs brain growth takes place before kindergarten, so its critical to teach new parents what to expect as a child develops not only during pregnancy and early childhood but also as the child mature
22、s. A large part of nurse home visits are designed to teach parents how to respond to their children as they age and help them manage the extra burden of parenting with few resources. Says Olds: “Learning to understand childrens motivations and abilities helps parents treat them more sensitively and
23、responsively, and that makes it easier for children to accept guidance and not respond provocatively.“ It also creates a less stressful environment and protects against child abuse and neglect, and those reductions can in turn cut childrens risks of later engaging in crime and suffering from addicti
24、on, mental illness, obesity and cardiovascular(心血管的 )disease. The key, according to Olds research, begins with properly trained nurses; home visits by paraprofessionals(专业人员的助手 )arent as effective. Despite the current shortage of nurses in the U.S., Olds says his program is ready to grow. “The NFP i
25、s ready for substantial expansion, as long as we recognize that serving 500,000 new families per year will take time.“ But its an investment that self-propagates. Once the nurses have educated new moms, says Ballard, the mothers start educating one another. “Its so neat to watch,“ she says. “We give
26、 information to our clients, and they share with neighbors. One client was the go-to person for everything. Shed say, Talking to your babies makes them smart. And the other moms would always come to her.“ 2 One of Tammy Ballards clients raise the parrots to _. （ A） help child-rearing （ B） relieve th
27、e boredom （ C） scare away visitors （ D） welcome news reporters 3 Why does Ballard say nurse home visit is eye-opening for her? （ A） She has come across several interesting cases. （ B） The clients teach her other things in return. （ C） She receives child-rearing techniques from parents. （ D） Shes sur
28、prised at clients poor childcare knowledge. 4 In France, nurse home visit programs are funded by _. （ A） government （ B） volunteers （ C） enterprises （ D） charities 5 Douglas Besharov claims that pre-kindergarten programs wont help unless _. （ A） an evolutionary reform is carried out （ B） Obamas plan
29、 is launched successfully （ C） more money is put into the programs （ D） the liberal interest groups are involved 6 What evidence can support that it is best to invest societal resources into home visit programs? （ A） Children away from deprivation turn out to be better citizens. （ B） Children under
30、an early-childhood intervention are healthier. （ C） The NFP has successfully help millions of poor single mothers. （ D） Learning parenting skills can help parents build confidence. 7 According to a study published the in J.A.M.A, after receiving visits by nurses in early years, _. （ A） children get
31、healthier physical growth （ B） children are likely to get better education （ C） children are less likely to commit crime （ D） children are less likely to be neglected 8 In David Olds view, what is the key to NFPs success? （ A） Getting financial support from the government. （ B） Simply encouraging pa
32、rents to express affection. （ C） Keeping track of those being visited by nurses. （ D） Associating with professional medical magazines. 9 Compared with middle-class ones, parents of poor families are likely to speak to babies only to _ 10 To make it easier for children to accept guidance, it is impor
33、tant for parents to understand their childrens _. 11 According to Olds research, an effective home visit attributes to _. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about wh
34、at was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. （ A） The man does not seem to have a good sense of time. （ B） The man
35、is a poorer driver than the woman. （ C） The man had to fix the car again for the woman. （ D） The woman often misunderstood the man. （ A） Jazz. （ B） Classical music. （ C） Rock and roll. （ D） All kinds of music. （ A） He rejected their request. （ B） He accepted their request. （ C） He agreed to consider
36、 their request. （ D） He asked them to come with the others. （ A） Impatient. （ B） Serious. （ C） Enthusiastic. （ D） Nervous. （ A） Her name is on the top of the list. （ B） She is expecting a job interview. （ C） She will be the last to be interviewed. （ D） She must fix a date for the job interview. （ A）
37、 The husband went to the hair salon with his wife. （ B） The wife is annoyed at her husbands complaint （ C） The husband is not usually so observant. （ D） The wife is going to the hairdressers. （ A） He must take a connected flight at Jacksonville. （ B） He has to change the flight at Albany. （ C） He wi
38、ll fly for two hours. （ D） He will fly directly to his destination. （ A） Its on time. （ B） Its crowded. （ C） Its empty. （ D） Its late. （ A） To try something different. （ B） To travel and meet people. （ C） To learn different culture. （ D） To save money. （ A） Its not safe for them. （ B） Everyone respe
39、ct them. （ C） They are easier to find partners. （ D） They only hitchhike in Britain. （ A） Just hold out ones hands. （ B） Put ones thumb upwards. （ C） Have a sign with big letters on it. （ D） Bring fewer luggage and be alone. （ A） He always likes something more challenging. （ B） He wants to live near
40、er to his family. （ C） He wants to put his administration knowledge into practice. （ D） He did reporting before and was interested in journalism. （ A） Administrative news. （ B） General social concerns. （ C） Financial news. （ D） Local news. （ A） Shocked. （ B） Acceptable. （ C） Incredible. （ D） Indiffe
41、rence. （ A） She only wants to hire local people. （ B） She lived in the city for a long time. （ C） She will send the employees everywhere. （ D） She wants to know more about applicants. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear som
42、e questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） They may feel exhausted. （ B） They may feel very nervous. （ C） They may have heartache. （ D） They may suffer a cold. （
43、 A） The building method the builders use to save energy. （ B） The limit of the flow of air between inside and outside. （ C） The use of man-made building materials. （ D） The limit of air-flow and the man-made materials. （ A） To let out clean gas. （ B） To take in harmful gas. （ C） To use various plant
44、s. （ D） To let the air flow freely. （ A） The plane cant fly without air. （ B） The plane needs air for its refueling. （ C） It meets the passengers needs. （ D） It meets the pilots needs. （ A） The plane flies at high altitudes. （ B） The plane is filled with air. （ C） The metal structure of the plane is
45、 very strong. （ D） A small part of the plane cracks. （ A） To find out exactly what happens. （ B） To save fuel to fly longer. （ C） To find out where the big stone is. （ D） To fly even more slowly. （ A） Diet. （ B） Overweight. （ C） Lack of sleep. （ D） Sleeping disorder. （ A） The relationship between sl
46、eep and weight. （ B） The question of chicken or the eggs. （ C） The difficulty of persuading kids to lose pounds. （ D） The priority order between sleeping less and weighing more. （ A） They required some kids to do some physical examinations. （ B） They asked parents about their kids sleeping condition
47、. （ C） They tried to single out the overweight child. （ D） They interviewed the sixth graders from entire country. （ A） Sleeping less leads to gain weight. （ B） There is a link between sleep and weight. （ C） Sleeping more will do harm to human body. （ D） Sleep is not very important for the third gra
48、ders. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact
49、words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an【 B1】 _ amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be【 B2】 _, em
