1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 839及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Food Security. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below： 1食品安全问题正在引起越来越多的关注 2出现食品安全漏洞的原因 3如 何提高食品安全 Food Security 二、 Part II Reading Comprehens
2、ion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark： Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the state
3、ment contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Why Winners Win at. . The new science of triumph in sports, business, and life. As a quickly rising new star in professional tennis, Andre Agassi had undergone bitter failure b
4、y the early 1990s, losing games again and again. Things have changed since he hired the coach, Brad Gilbert. Gilbert criticized him for trying to play with perfection. Instead of risking a killer shot on every point, why not keep the ball in play and give the other guy a chance to lose? Gilbert told
5、 Agassi “Its all about your head. With your talent, if youre fifty percent game-wise, but ninety-five percent head-wise, youre going to win. “Since that, Agassi began to pull out wins in matches that the old Agassi would have lost and got No. 1 ranking at last. Because he had learned how to win. Wha
6、t is it that separates winners from losers? The proper answer is that, in sports at least, winners simply have certain things that mortals dont, such as better physical conditions. But fitness doesnt tell the full story. “There are more players that have the talent to be the best in the world than t
7、here are winners, “says Timothy Gallwey. the author of several books about the mental side of tennis, golf, and other pursuits. “One way of looking at it is that winners get in their own way less. They interfere with the raw expression of talent less. And to do that, first they win the war against f
8、ear, against doubt, against insecurity which are no minor victories. “ Defined that way, winning becomes translatable into areas beyond the physical: chess, spelling bees, the corporate world, even combat. The breadth of our definition for winning means that there is no single gene for victory acros
9、s all fields. But neuroscientists(神经科学家 ). psychologists, and other researchers are beginning to better understand the highly interdisciplinary concept of winning, finding surprising links between brain chemistry, social theory, and even economics, which together give new insight into why some peopl
10、e come out on top again and again. One area relating to winning is being disrupted. Scientists have long thought that dominance is largely determined by testosterone(睾丸激素 ): the more you have, the more likely you are to prevail, and not just on the playing field. Last August, though, researchers at
11、the University of Texas and Columbia found that testosterone is helpful only when regulated by small amounts of another hormone called Cortisol(皮质醇 ). Across Columbias campus, professors at the business school are putting this dominance science into practice, collecting saliva(唾液 )samples from M. B.
12、 A. students to measure both hormones. Each subject is then given a prescription to get the two steroids(类固醇 )into ideal balance. The ideal leader, says Prof. Paul Ingram, is “calm, but with an urge towards dominance. “ Its true for both men and women, and in theory it all adds up to winning a contr
13、act, winning a promotion, winning the quarter. New science like this illuminates winners of the past. Its a glance inside the blood stream of perhaps the most thrilling competitor to ever destroy his opponents at a task: Bobby Fischer, the chess champion. “For Fischer, there was a cruel desire to be
14、at his opponent, “ says Liz Garbus, the director of the new documentary Bobby Fischer Against the World. “Bobby took delight in how he made his opponent ill. “ Before his legendary final match with the Russian player Boris Spassky in Iceland in 1972, which would determine the worlds No. 1 player, Fi
15、scher underwent extensive weight and endurance training)he told a strength coach that he wanted to physically break Spasskys hand the first time they shook. As the match approached, Fischer hesitated and would not show up, issuing increasingly bizarre demands and irritating his foe before play had e
16、ven begun. With the world watching, he did eventually arrive in Reykjavik(雷克雅未克 =冰岛首都 ), and with the match tied 2 to 2, Fischer changed the move that he always opened with, which was the only structure Spassky had prepared for, and in this unfamiliar territory the Russian was helpless. Fischer foll
17、owed with further aggression. Spassky never recovered. He managed just one win in the next 15 games, and Fischer and his mind and the testosterone-cortisol cocktail within were No. 1 in the world. Whats better than winning? Doing it while someone else loses. An economist at the University of Bonn ha
18、s shown that test subjects who receive a given reward for a task enjoy it significantly more if other subjects fail or do worse a finding that overthrew traditional economic theories that absolute reward is a persons central motivation. Neuroeconomic studies often involve the dopamine(多巴胺 )system, a
19、 part of the brain that is highly involved with rewards and reward anticipation. Dopamine receptors seem to track possibilities and how expected or unexpected they are. For fans, it helps to explain why a win by a No. 1 seed over an unranked challenger is no big deal, while weak-side winners like th
20、e 1980 U. S. Olympic hockey team are so exciting. A similar kind of expectation management occurs in the minds of athletes themselves, says Scott Huettel. the director of Duke Universitys Center for Neuroeconomic Studies. If you ranked an Olympic events three medalists by happiness, the athlete winn
21、ing gold obviously comes first. Whats fascinating, Huettel says, is that the bronze medalist is second-most delighted, and the silver finisher is most frustrated. “Peoples brains are constantly comparing what happened with what could have happened, “ he says. “A bronze medalist might say, Wow, I alm
22、ost didnt get a medal. Its great to be on the stand! And the silver medalist is just thinking about all the mistakes he made that prevented him from winning gold. “ All countries love winning, of course. But America, a nation born through victory on the battlefield, has a special relationship with t
23、he practice. “When you here, every one of you, were kids, you all admired the fastest runner, the toughest boxer, the big-league ballplayers. and the Ail-American football players, “ General George S. Patton once told a gathering of U. S. Army troops in England. “Americans love a winner, “ Patton sa
24、id loudly. “Americans will not tolerate a loser. “ The next day was June 6, 1944, D-Day, and these were the men who would invade Normandy. We know where that one goes in the win-loss column. But why do we admire winners and put so much of our own happiness at risk when watching them compete? At some
25、 level of the brain, we think we are the guys in the competition. On Nov. 4, 2008, the night of the most recent presidential election, neuroscientists at Duke and the University of Michigan gave a group of voters some chewing gum. They collected samples at 8 p. m. , as the polls closed, and again at
26、 11:30, as Barack Obama was announced the winner. Testosterone levels normally drop around that time of night, but not among Obama supporters while testosterone declined in gum taken from the men who had voted for John McCain. Vicarious(感同身受的 )participation, the scientists concluded, mirrors what ha
27、ppens to the principal competitors themselves; the same thing happens in men who watch football and basketball and. it follows, any other fiercely fought contest. from Andre Agassis greatest matches to Bobby Fischers run at the Russians. Why do Americans love a winner? Because it lets us love oursel
28、ves. 2 Gilberts criticism for Agassi was that_. （ A） he didnt try his best to play tennis （ B） he gave his opponent too many chances （ C） he didnt master the basic techniques （ D） hc always tried to play perfectly 3 People usually think that in sports. something like_differentiates winners from lose
29、rs. （ A） excellent skills （ B） better physical conditions （ C） passionate mood （ D） terrific natural talents 4 What do the players need to do first in order not to hinder their raw expression of talent? （ A） They need to take as much exercise as possible. （ B） They need to follow the coachs guidance
30、 exactly. （ C） They need to overcome fear, doubt and insecurity. （ D） They need to maintain a good mood in the court. 5 What did Fischer do to annoy his opponent before their final match even began? （ A） He hesitated and raised many unreasonable demands. （ B） He made negative remarks on his foe. （ C
31、） He underwent much endurance exercise. （ D） He hurt his foes hand when they shook. 6 When Fischer got tied with Spassky in the match, what did he do to defeat Spassky? （ A） He wore a new tie. （ B） He altered his usual opening move. （ C） He kept smiling in the match. （ D） He hired a new coach. 7 An
32、economist at the University of Bonn finds in his test that_. （ A） peoples central motivation is absolute reward （ B） people dont care about rewards but about the feelings （ C） winners are not happy if his partners fail （ D） winners enjoy his victory more if others fail 8 According to Huettel. in an
33、Olympic event, the least happy one is_after the game. （ A） the athlete taking the fourth place （ B） the bronze finisher （ C） the silver medalist （ D） the athlete winning the gold medal 9 General George S. Patton once made a speech to encourage his Army to achieve greater success before the day they_
34、. 10 When the presidential election had just ended, the testosterone level of the supporters for John McCain_. 11 The phenomenon that the same thing happens in men who watch the games as in the players is called_. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long
35、conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide whic
36、h is the best answer. （ A） He read an article about Professor Monroes research. （ B） He does not know Professor Monroe. （ C） Professor Monroe probably will talk to the woman. （ D） Professor Monroe does not like giving interviews. （ A） He plans to attend the meeting. （ B） He thinks the meeting time w
37、ill be fine for everyone. （ C） He enjoys going to basketball games. （ D） He is OK with the study group meeting time. （ A） He thinks the womans computer is broken. （ B） He worked on the womans computer for too long. （ C） He sometimes gets headaches after doing computer work. （ D） He needs to take a l
38、onger break. （ A） Phone the company to ask about the job. （ B） Buy a new answering machine. （ C） Wait for the company to call him. （ D） Assume that he did not get the job. （ A） Continue to read. （ B） Meet the woman at the shore. （ C） Take his history class. （ D） Go out with some friends. （ A） What s
39、he can do to help the man. （ B） How long the man has had allergies. （ C） What is causing the mans problem. （ D） Whether the man has allergies. （ A） Shell drop the man off on the way to work. （ B） The man can ride downtown with her. （ C） The man will have to leave earlier than usual. （ D） She cant gi
40、ve the man a ride tomorrow. （ A） Buy a car from the woman. （ B） Help the woman paint her car. （ C） Invest in a new car. （ D） Look for a less expensive car. （ A） For after-school teaching. （ B） For his class teaching. （ C） For his new project. （ D） For his new computer. （ A） According to the experien
41、ce of his own. （ B） According to the needs of the users. （ C） According to his colleagues recommendation. （ D） According to the experience of the woman. （ A） Whether he can afford the software. （ B） How he can use the software. （ C） The customer service. （ D） The quality of the software. （ A） How sh
42、ould we care for precious metal. （ B） A standard unit for measuring weight. （ C） How to judge the value of precious metals. （ D） An introduction of the metric system. （ A） To check the accuracy of scales. （ B） To calculate the density of other metals. （ C） To observe changes in the atmosphere. （ D）
43、To measure amounts of rainfall. （ A） Someone spilled water on it. （ B） Someone lost it carelessly. （ C） It was no longer accurate. （ D） The measuring standard had changed. （ A） It is only a small amount to pay for so much precious metal. （ B） It is difficult to judge the value of such an object. （ C
44、） It is reasonable for an object with such an important function. （ D） It is too expensive for such a light metal. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only o
45、nce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. （ A） Junk food is connected with depression. （ B） Junk food can bring us much fun. （ C） Fats are harmful to human beings. （ D） Fats make people feel excited. （ A） None of them became the suffe
46、rers of depression. （ B） Most of them were troubled by depression. （ C） Some of them were diagnosed with depression. （ D） A11 of them were diagnosed with depression. （ A） Only 0. 4 % of the Europeans depression are caused by taking in trans-fats. （ B） Nearly 50% Europeans are suffering depression. （
47、 C） Around 150 million people are depression sufferers now. （ D） Heart disease is caused by great depression. （ A） He was bit to death by a shark. （ B） He was drawn to death in the sea. （ C） He was attacked and hurt by a shark. （ D） His left leg was bit off by a shark. （ A） He caught the shark and p
48、ulled it onto the beach. （ B） He shot the shark dead. （ C） He split the sharks throat. （ D） He called the policeman. （ A） Sharks are always dangerous to attack. （ B） Man has infinite potentials facing danger. （ C） People should be careful when swimming. （ D） Its dangerous to swim in the sea. （ A） Ge
49、tting a sudden caught in a rainstorm. （ B） Sleeping with the air-conditioning on. （ C） Being close with flu infected people. （ D） Staying up late daily for a long period. （ A） The inactive period of flu is longer. （ B） The symptoms of flu develop suddenly. （ C） The symptoms of flu are lighter. （ D） The flu is harder to catch. （ A） Most women and children. （ B） People with chronic diseases. （ C） The elderly over 75 years old. （ D） The babies under six months. （ A） To keep warm
