1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 110及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the remark “Lies have short legs.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Shee
2、t 1. Section A （ A） Furnished apartments will cost more. （ B） The apartment can be furnished easily. （ C） The apartment is just what the man is looking for. （ D） She can provide the man with the apartment he needs. （ A） Mr. Johnsons ideas are nonsense. （ B） He quite agrees with Mr. Johnsons views. （
3、 C） Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas. （ D） He shares the womans views on social welfare. （ A） Study in a quiet place. （ B） Improve her grades gradually. （ C） Change the conditions of her dorm. （ D） Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm. （ A） It has been put off. （ B） It has been c
4、ancelled. （ C） It will be held in a different place. （ D） It will be rescheduled to attract more participants. （ A） Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much. （ B） Janet is very much interested in architecture. （ C） Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much. （ D） Janet thinks i
5、ts a shame for anyone not to visit Australia. （ A） It is based on a lot of research. （ B） It can be finished in a few weeks time. （ C） It has drawn criticism from lots of people. （ D） It falls short of her supervisors expectations. （ A） Karen is very forgetful. （ B） He knows Karen better now. （ C） K
6、aren is sure to pass the interview. （ D） The woman should have reminded Karen earlier. （ A） Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her. （ B） Skip the class to prepare for the exam. （ C） Tell the professor shes lost her voice. （ D） Attend the lecture with the man. （ A） Redwood trees. （ B） Forest f
7、ires. （ C） San Francisco. （ D） Survival skills. （ A） It has a good view of the coast. （ B） It is near San Francisco. （ C） It has no admission fee. （ D） It can be seen in one hour. （ A） 800 years. （ B） 400 years. （ C） 550 years. （ D） 2,000 years. （ A） Coastal isolation. （ B） Resistant bark and damp c
8、limate. （ C） Absence of natural enemies. （ D） Cool weather and daily fog. （ A） Find his glasses. （ B） Sit up straight. （ C） Change his tries. （ D） Get enough rest. （ A） Experimental medicines. （ B） Special treatment centers. （ C） Flexible work schedule. （ D） Innovative physical exercises. （ A） Buy a
9、 new watch. （ B） Go to bed earlier. （ C） See a doctor. （ D） Change his job. Section B （ A） There were only grandparents and children. （ B） There was one father, one mother, and their children. （ C） There were many relatives. （ D） There were two or more brothers with their wives. （ A） The women have
10、more freedom and can share in decisions. （ B） The women do not have to be the heads of the family. （ C） The womens relatives do not help them. （ D） The women have all the power of the family. （ A） Husbands have to share with their wives and help them. （ B） Older women often live alone when their hus
11、bands die. （ C） Family structure is more patriarchal in the nuclear family. （ D） Women have to help sisters, grandparents with housework and childcare. （ A） They want to stay home and do the housework. （ B） They do not have enough money. （ C） They have too much work and not much free time. （ D） They
12、 have more freedom than in the past. （ A） A kind of exchange. （ B） A kind of business. （ C） A commercialized exchange. （ D） An international friendship association. （ A） Free food and lodging. （ B） Learning English. （ C） Staying with English families. （ D） Meeting young people. （ A） Most of them are
13、 satisfied. （ B） Most of them are very happy. （ C） Most of them are unhappy. （ D） Most of them are not satisfied. （ A） By greeting each other very politely. （ B） By exchanging their views on public affairs. （ C） By displaying their feelings and emotions. （ D） By asking each other some personal quest
14、ions. （ A） Refrain from showing his feelings. （ B） Express his opinion frankly. （ C） Argue fiercely. （ D） Yell loudly. （ A） Getting rich quickly. （ B） Distinguishing oneself. （ C） Respecting individual rights. （ D） Doing credit to ones community. Section C 26 When I was a child, my teeth used to【 B1
15、】 _in several different directions, and【 B2】 _ that involved rather expensive【 B3】 _.And my horrible memory is of【 B4】 _lots of wire bands, around my teeth for years and years. They really didn t do much good to my teeth because they seem to be【 B5】_back into their original【 B6】 _now. When I was a c
16、hild, my teeth were poor because in【 B7】 _, where I came from, we tend to eat a great deal of sugar. Also we【 B8】 _ eat a lot of fried food there, which of course is not very good for the gums, the two areas of firm pink flesh in which the teeth are fixed. So when I was about fourteen, I got false t
17、eeth, which is terrible for a young boy of fourteen. As a child, I never imagined that I would have problems with my teeth, but I did. It wasnt something that I was【 B9】 _at the time, but as I developed I realized that I had two very prominent front teeth which【 B10】 _. And like some of us around th
18、e table, I had to have considerable work done to straighten these teeth out. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 The reason fruits and vegetables are so important to your overall health is that they are major purveyors of antioxidan
19、ts. Antioxidant molecules are like the missile【 C1】 _system of your body, preventing damage from molecular bombs called free radicals. It works like this: in order to breathe, move, or eat, your bodys cells【 C2】 _food and oxygen into energy. This chemical reaction releases【 C3】 _byproducts, the free
20、 radicals we mentioned. Basically, theyre highly reactive【 C4】 _of oxygen that are missing an electron. 【 C5】 _for that missing electron, they steal them from normal cells, damaging the healthy cell and its DNA in the【 C6】 _. This damage eventually【 C7】 _to any number of major health problems, inclu
21、ding heart disease, memory loss, and cancer. Antioxidants, however,【 C8】 _with this process by giving free radicals one of their own electrons to stabilize them. Or they combine with free radicals to form different, more【 C9】 _compounds. There are also antioxidant enzymes that help free radicals rea
22、ct with other chemicals to produce safe, instead of toxic, substances. Antioxidants, for instance, help prevent “bad“ LDL cholesterol from becoming【 C10】_and forming plaque(斑 ). This is the reason the health establishment is so insistent on people eating more fresh produce: It provides around-the-cl
23、ock defenses against free-radical damage to your arteries. A)change B)contributes C)convert D)defense E)Desirous F)Desperate G)forms H)harmful I)interfere J)offense K)participates L)process M)stable N)stickier O)thinner 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】
24、 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 HIV 60 to 70% of those are in Sub-Saharan Africa. But the disease is spreading in every region, with fierce epidemics threatening to tear through countries such as India, China, Russia and the islands of the Caribbean. The statistics are sobering in some Southern African town
25、s 44% of pregnant women are HIV positive, in Botswana 37% of people carry the virus. CThe human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)is a retrovirus a virus built of RNA instead of more typical DNA. It attacks the very cells of the immune system that should be protecting the body against it T lymphocytes and
26、other white blood cells with CD4 receptors on their surfaces. The virus uses the CD4 receptor to bind with and thereby enter the lymphocyte. HIV then integrates itself into the cells own DNA, turning the cell into a virus-generating factory. The new viruses break free, destroying the cell, then move
27、 on to attack other lymphocytes. DHIV kills by slowly destroying the immune system. Several weeks after initial infection, flu-like symptoms are experienced. Then the immune system kicks-in, and the virus mostly retreats into hiding within lymph tissues. The untreated, infected individual usually re
28、mains healthy for 5 to 15 years, but the virus continues to replicate in the background, slowly obliterating the immune system. Eventually the body is unable to defend itself and succumbs to overwhelming opportunistic infections that rarely affect healthy people. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(
29、AIDS)is the name given to this final stage of HIV infection, and is characterized by multiple, life-threatening illnesses such is weight loss, chronic diarrheoa, rare cancers, pneumonia, fungal conditions and infections of the brain and eye. Tuberculosis has become especially prevalent in AIDS victi
30、ms. EGenetic analyses hint that ancestral primate HIV may have been born a million years ago when a chimpanzee virus hybridized(杂交 )with a related monkey variety. However researchers believe it was not until the 1930s that this jumped to humans eating chimp meat in Central Africa. That variety becam
31、e HIV-1 the most widespread type. A second type, HIV-2, restricted to West Africa, was probably contracted in the 1960s from monkey meat. Another theory was that the AIDS pandemic was accidentally started by doctors testing a polio vaccine in the 1950s detailed in Edward Hoopers book The River but t
32、his has been severely criticized by other researchers. FAIDS must have been circulating in the US and Africa during the 1970s. But it was not recognized until 1981 when young gay men and injecting drug users, in New York and California, started to be diagnosed with both an unusual skin cancer called
33、 Kaposis sarcoma, and lethal pneumonias. By the end of that year 121 people in the US had died that number would rise to 17,000 over the next six years. Government scientists predicted that the mysterious immune-debilitating illness was due to an infectious agent. In 1984 that agent was identified a
34、s HIV by Luc Montagnier of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, and Robert Gallo of the National Cancer Institute in Washington DC, US. GSoon after the appearance of AIDS in the US, the disease was detected in Europe too and epidemics affecting heterosexual men and women sprang up at an alarming
35、rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Today one in five people in that region are living with the virus. AIDS epidemics also threaten to devastate the worlds most populous nations India and China if action is not taken to bring them under control. HHIV is found in body fluids such as: blood, semen, vaginal fl
36、uids and breast milk. It can be passed on through penetrative sex, oral sex and sharing contaminated needles when injecting street drugs or in hospitals. It can also be transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding though many children escape infection. HIV cann
37、ot be passed on through kissing, coughing, mosquito bites or touching. IHealth authorities are focusing on prevention as a key method to limit the spread of the epidemic. Educational programs preach abstinence from sex, monogamy and safer sex using condoms, as ways to protect against infection. Many
38、 countries give away free condoms and offer needle exchange programs to try and limit transmission among injecting drug users. Microbicides in the form of creams that prevent transmission of HIV may soon offer another method of protection. JA vaccine, as an alternative method to prevent HIV infectio
39、n, may still be many years away. This is partly because the virus mutates so rapidly. A vaccine may not only have to prime antibodies to attack the virus(the way most vaccines work)but might also need to increase T-cell production. Vaccine trial; have been undertaken in South Africa, Kenya, the US a
40、nd Thailand though most have yet to yield promising results. Controversial vaccines made from the blood of HIV carriers, have been tested is Nigeria and Thailand. KThere is no cure for AIDS, but a range of drugs some of which have unpleasant side-effects are available to slow its progress. Other dru
41、gs are used to treat opportunistic infections or AIDS symptoms. Even some herbal treatments have been investigated. Most anti-HIV drugs aim at stalling viral replication. Nucleoside analogues such as AZT(zidovudine)and also non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs)(非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂 ), attac
42、k the action of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase. This prevents it from creating functional DNA which would otherwise integrate into the DNA of infected cells. LA third class block protease, an enzyme essential for generating functional virus particles. Protease inhibitors are the most effecti
43、ve of the three types of drugs, and AIDS mortality fell dramatically in the US when they were first licensed during the late 1990s. Fusion inhibitors are a newer type of drug that work by stopping HIV from binding with CD4 receptors that it uses to enter cells. Drugs that block another enzyme, integ
44、rase(整合酶 ), are also under development. MAIDS drugs are often administered in combination cocktails of three or more kinds simultaneously, as this helps slow the rate at which HIV develops resistance to drugs. But the virus is able to evolve rapidly and can eventually outpace the drugs if treatment
45、regimens are not followed rigorously. Though drugs are widely available in Western countries, their expense means they are unavailable to the vast majority of AIDS sufferers. International bodies are working towards widening access to treatment in the developing world. Some companies in countries su
46、ch as India and Thailand are now producing cheap generic copies of drugs. NThe economic and social burden of AIDS exerts a great toll on developing nations in addition to that exerted by mortality itself. AIDS is hindering development and leading to negative population growth in some of the most ser
47、iously affected nations, such as Botswana. OThis excessive AIDS mortality is causing a great demographic shift, wiping out young adults in the prime of their lives. This leaves children orphaned, and is destroying workforces and economies. Some predict that 50 million children in Sub-Saharan Africa
48、will have been orphaned by 2010. The labor forces of 38 AIDS ravaged countries will be up to 35% smaller by 2020, because of AIDS. PThe effect of AIDS on agricultural communities in Southern Africa is even leading to food shortages. Social stigma and discrimination is yet another problem for many AI
49、DS sufferers, especially in Asian nations. 47 HIV integrates into the DNA of infected cells turn the cell of the immune system into a virus-generating factory. 48 It will take many years to develop effective vaccines to prevent HIV infection, partly because the virus mutates so rapidly. 49 AIDS poses serious problems to human beings development both in medical and in social sense. 50 Several weeks after be
