1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 117及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Freelance or Not. You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain why you choose to work at home as a freelancer or to work at office as an employee. You sh
2、ould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） The man is a football fan. （ B） The man needs the womans help. （ C） The man didnt watch TV last night. （ D） The man often has power failure at home. （ A） She wants to know where the restauran
3、t is. （ B） Shes recommending a good place to go for dinner. （ C） She thinks the man should go to France. （ D） Shes inviting the man to eat with her. （ A） Call the TV station. （ B） Look for cats with the man. （ C） Meet the man at the cat exhibit. （ D） Watch the program on TV. （ A） Run in town. （ B） L
4、ook more carefully. （ C） Buy shoes from a catalog. （ D） Find an easier place to exercise. （ A） She wants to live in the suburbs. （ B） She is offended by her naughty children. （ C） She disagrees with father. （ D） She turns a deaf ear to her husbands words. （ A） Home economics. （ B） Business administr
5、ation. （ C） Computer programming. （ D） Historical research. （ A） Saturday afternoon was the mans busy hours. （ B） The man wont be able to enjoy a nap. （ C） Mr. Smith is an old friend of the man. （ D） The man wanted to take a long nap after lunch. （ A） She has spent all the money. （ B） She works in a
6、 factory. （ C） She should get a job. （ D） She likes to argue. （ A） More work as a teaching assistant. （ B） A higher salary. （ C） A longer vacation period. （ D） A research assignment. （ A） Hell start next week. （ B） He wouldnt enjoy it. （ C） He would like time to decide. （ D） He wants his advisers op
7、inion. （ A） Franks talent for teaching. （ B） Franks interesting approach to research. （ C） A present Frank will receive for graduation. （ D） A congratulatory letter from the department （ A） The colors of clothing. （ B） The individual taste on clothing. （ C） The idea of psychology of clothing. （ D） T
8、he clothing fashion. （ A） It is a subconscious thing. （ B） It reflects a lack of self-consciousness. （ C） It is unnecessary indeed. （ D） It is a kind of conscious act. （ A） He has a feeling of insecurity. （ B） He is missing his family. （ C） He lacks self-confidence. （ D） He feels ill. （ A） Wanner cl
9、othes. （ B） More aggressive clothes. （ C） Brighter colors of clothes. （ D） More casual clothes. Section B （ A） Because he likes learning. （ B） Because his hearing center is still immature. （ C） Because his ears are immature. （ D） Because he wants to know how to use his ears. （ A） Get angry. （ B） Loo
10、k away. （ C） Begin crying. （ D） Ignore it. （ A） When he is pleased. （ B） When he grows up. （ C） When he gets angry. （ D） When he hears other baby crying. （ A） People began to go strike for food. （ B） Some countries have to cut down food supplies. （ C） People are dying of hunger. （ D） Some government
11、s have to drive their people into other countries. （ A） 80 million. （ B） 70 million. （ C） More than 3,500 million. （ D） About 3,000 million. （ A） Latin America. （ B） North America. （ C） South America. （ D） Central America. （ A） It is in the heart of the city at 42nd Street and Fifth Avenue. （ B） It
12、is in the heart of the city at 42nd Street and Sixth Avenue. （ C） It is in the heart of the city at 32nd Street and Fifth Avenue. （ D） It is in the heart of the city at 32nd Street and Sixth Avenue. （ A） The library is in the busiest part of the city. （ B） The library has grass and trees around it.
13、（ C） The roof of the main reading room is forty-one feet high. （ D） Its rooms are very large. （ A） 13 million. （ B） 30 million. （ C） 14 million. （ D） 40 million. （ A） It is in danger. （ B） To raise more money. （ C） To continue its work. （ D） To save money. Section C 26 Some people believe that you h
14、ave to be a special kind of person to sell a product. But although it is clear that a successful salesman does need special talents, and a【 B1】_personality, many of the skills he uses are used by us all: we build and【 B2】_relationships with different kinds of people, and we listen to and【 B3】_what t
15、hey tell us and dont just enjoy the sound of our own【 B4】 _. A firm may depend on their own sales team and on the salesmanship of their distributors, wholesalers or【 B5】 _. But any company needs to establish a personal relationship with its major clients(key accounts)and potential customers【 B6】_It
16、is often said that people do business with people. A firm doesnt just【 B7】_impersonally with another firm, but a person in the buying department receives personal visits from people【 B8】 _the firms suppliers on a regular basis or in the case of department stores or chain stores, a team of buyers may
17、 travel around visiting suppliers. Keeping sales people “on the road“ is much more expensive than employing them to work in the office and much of their time is spent unproductively traveling. Telephone selling may use this time more productively, but a【 B9】 _is much more effective. Companies involv
18、ed in the export trade often have a separate export sales force, whose travel and【 B10】 _may be very high. Servicing overseas customers may consequently often be done by phone, telex or letter and personal visits may be infrequent. Many firms appoint an overseas agent or distributor whose own sales
19、force takes over responsibility for selling their products in another country. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 There are a great many books, web sites, and training【 C1】 _today more or less dedicated to the idea that being bored
20、 is a major sin, for which the only【 C2】_is to find ways to be busy and productive every waking moment. People who follow this【 C3】 _are constantly on-the-go - and feelings of boredom quickly smothered with yet more activities. At work, at home, at play, each【 C4】 _must be filled with things to ward
21、 off the slightest possibility of being bored. As a society, were over-stimulated to the point of mania, like hyper-excited children in those few moments at a party before it all goes wrong and everyone starts crying. I suspect the rise in ADHD isnt only【 C5】 _to eating strange chemicals in the diet
22、; were training ourselves to require continual distraction, reducing our attention-span to less than a few seconds before were bored again. It used to be only teenagers who【 C6】 _. “Im so bored!“ Now almost everyone acts as if not having something truly exciting to do every moment is either the firs
23、t sign of senility or - much wore - positive proof that they, and their【 C7】 _. are gone, past it, over the hill, on the way towards oblivion. Yet boredom is, in reality, crucial to any ability to be truly productive, let【 C8】_effective. If youre flat-out busy and engaged all the time, you may feel
24、important, but the reality is【 C9】 _. Its those who are constantly【 C10】 _with activities that are most likely to be headed towards a nasty let-down. A)alone B)careers C)course D)cure E)different F)dissatisfied G)distracted H)due I)felt J)idea K)moment L)sighed M)thanks N)time O)way 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2
25、】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Dont Waste Our Oceans AFor too long, marine life has been largely open for the taking by anyone possessing the means to exploit it. Rapid advances in technology have meant that the ability, reach and power of ves
26、sels and equipment used to exploit marine life now far outweigh natures ability to maintain it. If left unchecked, this will have far reaching consequences for the marine environment and for people who depend on it. Ocean life comes in an incredible array of shapes and sizes from microscopic plankto
27、n to the largest of the great whales. Yet many species have been, or are being, driven towards extinction through devastating human impacts. The key threats facing our ocean creatures include: Industrial Fishing BMany marine ecologists think that the biggest single threat to marine ecosystems today
28、is overfishing. Our appetite for fish is exceeding the oceans ecological limits with devastating impacts on marine ecosystems. Scientists are warning that overfishing results in profound changes in our oceans, perhaps changing them forever. Not to mention our dinner plates, which in future may only
29、feature fish and chips as a rare and expensive delicacy. The fish dont stand a chance CMore often than not, the fishing industry is given access to fish stocks before the impact of their fishing can be assessed, and regulation of the fishing industry is, in any case, woefully inadequate. The reality
30、 of modern fishing is that the industry is dominated by fishing vessels that far out-match natures ability to replenish fish. Giant ships using state-of-the-art fish-finding sonar can pinpoint schools offish quickly and accurately. The ships are fitted out like giant floating factoriescontaining fis
31、h processing and packing plants, huge freezing systems, and powerful engines to drag enormous fishing gear through the ocean. Put simply: the fish dont stand a chance. Ocean life health check DPopulation of top predators, a key indicator of ecosystem health, are disappearing at a frightening rate, a
32、nd 90 percent of the large fish that many of us love to eat, such as tuna, swordfish, marlin, cod, halibut, skate, and flounder have been fished out since large-scale industrial fishing began in the 1950s. The depletion of these top predator species can cause a shift in entire oceans ecosystems wher
33、e commercially valuable fish are replaced by smaller, planktonfeeding fish. This century may even see bumper crops of jellyfish replacing the fish consumed by humans. These changes endanger the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems, and hence threaten the livelihoods of those dependent on t
34、he oceans, both now and in the future. Fisheries collapse EThe over-exploitation and mismanagement of fisheries has already led to some spectacular fisheries collapses. The cod fishery off Newfoundland, Canada collapsed in 1992, leading to the loss of some 40,000 jobs in the industry. The cod stocks
35、 in the North Sea and Baltic Sea are now heading the same way and are close to complete collapse. Instead of trying to find a long-term solution to these problems, the fishing industrys eyes are turning towards the Pacific but this is not the answer. Politicians continue to ignore the advice of scie
36、ntists about how these fisheries should be managed and the need to fish these threatened species in a sustainable way. Bycatch FMany fisheries catch fish other than the ones that they target and in many cases these are simply thrown dead or dying back into the sea. In some trawl fisheries for shrimp
37、, the discard may be 90 percent of the catch. Other fisheries kill seabirds, turtles and dolphins, sometimes in huge numbers. GEstimates vary as to how serious a problem bycatch is. Latest reports suggest that around eight percent of the total global catch is discarded, but previous estimates indica
38、ted that around a quarter of which might be thrown overboard. Simply no one knows how much of a problem this really is. The incidental capture, or bycatch, of mammals, seabirds, turtles, sharks and numerous other species is recognized to be a major problem in many parts of the world. This figure inc
39、ludes non-target species as well as targeted fish species that cannot be landed because they are, for instance, undersized. In short, anywhere between 6.8 million and 27 million tones offish could be discarded each year, reflecting the huge uncertainties in the data on this important issue. HThe sca
40、le of this mortality is such that bycatch in some fisheries may affect the structure and function of marine systems at the population, community and ecosystem levels. Bycatch is widely recognized as one of the most serious environmental impacts of modern commercial fisheries. The victims IDifferent
41、types of fishing practices result in different animal species being killed as bycatch: nets kill dolphins, porpoises and whales, longline fishing kills birds, and bottom trawling devastates marine ecosystems. JIt has been estimated that a staggering 100 million sharks and rays are caught and discard
42、ed each year. Tuna fisheries, which in the past had high dolphin bycatch levels, are still responsible for the death of many sharks. An estimated 300,000 cetaceans(whales, dolphins and porpoises)also die as bycatch each year, because they are unable to escape when caught in nets. Birds dive for the
43、bait planted on long fishing lines, swallow it(hook included)and are pulled underwater and drowned. Around 100,000 albatrosses are killed by longline fisheries every year and because of this, many species are facing extinction. KBottom trawling is a destructive way of “strip-mining“ the ocean floor,
44、 harvesting the species that live there. As well as the target fish species, this also results in bycatch of commercially unattractive animals like starfish and sponges. A single pass of a trawl removes up to 20 percent of the seafloor fauna and flora. The fisheries with the highest levels of bycatc
45、h are shrimp fisheries: over 80 percent of a catch may consist of marine species other than the shrimp being targeted. Technology LMany technical fixes exist to reduce bycatch. Turtle exclusion devices are used in some shrimp fisheries to avoid killing turtle species. In the case of longline fisheri
46、es, the process of setting the hooks can be changed and bird-scaring devices employed which radically cut the numbers of birds killed. To avoid dolphins being caught in nets, other devices can be used. Pingers are small sound-emitting and dolphin-deterring devices that are attached to nets, but they
47、 are not always effective. Escape hatches(consisting of a widely spaced metal grid, which forces the cetacean up and out of the net)have also been used. MAlthough these devices may have a role to play, they cannot address the whole problem. Such devices need continual monitoring to check how well th
48、ey work and assess any potential negative effects they may have. Realistically they will probably only be used in areas with well-developed fishery management and enforcement agencies. NOn a global level, probably the only effective way to address the problems of bycatch is to control fishing effort
49、. This will be best achieved through the creation of marine reserves. Nonetheless, in the case of highly mobile species such as seabirds and cetaceans, the only effective way of preventing bycatch is to discontinue the use of particularly damaging fishing methods. Defending Our Oceans OFundamental changes need to be made in the way our oceans are managed. This means that we must act to make sure that human activitie
