1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 149及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “In every end, there is also a beginning.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to keep on making progress. You
2、should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Sense of self-respect. （ B） Teachers responsibilities. （ C） A students article. （ D） Treatment of students mistakes. （ A） The company does not have the mans resume. （ B） The mans interview might be successful. （ C） The compan
3、y has decided to hire the man. （ D） The man was astonished to hear the news. （ A） She should follow the human nature. （ B） Strangers are nothing to be afraid of. （ C） Feeling nervous is nothing improper. （ D） She should accept strangers presents naturally. （ A） He wont come to dinner. （ B） He may co
4、me after finishing his work. （ C） He doesnt enjoy the seafood. （ D） He might join them if Mary comes. （ A） Milk. （ B） Sleep. （ C） Exercise. （ D） Genes. （ A） Reading the instruction. （ B） Observing two pictures. （ C） Discussing a girls looking. （ D） Doing some math problems. （ A） On a university camp
5、us. （ B） In a theater. （ C） In a community. （ D） In a kindergarten. （ A） Some available services. （ B） Competition for an opportunity. （ C） Different choices of careers. （ D） Roles in the coming sports meeting. （ A） Satisfied. （ B） enthusiastic. （ C） Disappointed. （ D） Indifferent. （ A） Close relati
6、onship with the manager. （ B） Competence in the work. （ C） Good educational background. （ D） Unusual flattering tricks. （ A） Stupid orders given by his manager. （ B） The empty feeling of being useless. （ C） Orders given out by his wife. （ D） The insufficient pension. （ A） How the bones repair themse
7、lves. （ B） What human bones are made of. （ C） How much people have learnt about bones. （ D） How to combat with bone diseases. （ A） It breaks down the bone tissue. （ B） It produces the new tissue. （ C） It fills in the bone holes. （ D） It completely repairs the bones. （ A） They have difficulty identif
8、ying these cells. （ B） They arent sure how these cells work. （ C） Theyve learned how to reproduce these cells. （ D） Theyve found similar cells in other species. （ A） A way to prevent a bone disease. （ B） An understanding between bone tissue and other tissue. （ C） A way to understand how specialized
9、bone cells have evolved. （ D） A solution by creating artificial bone tissue. Section B （ A） From meat. （ B） From milk. （ C） From eggs. （ D） From sunshine. （ A） Darker skinned people. （ B） Lighter skinned people. （ C） The old aged people. （ D） People living in the north. （ A） Taking excessive Vitamin
10、 D is harmful to health. （ B） Many people dont know the importance of Vitamin D. （ C） Older people are more likely to lack Vitamin D. （ D） More and more people suffer from skin caner. （ A） 200. （ B） 400. （ C） 600 （ D） 800 （ A） To explain the functions of the station. （ B） To comment on some popular
11、singers. （ C） To address the issue of a new record. （ D） To introduce a radio program to listeners. （ A） About the Big Hits. （ B） The History of Pop. （ C） The Road to Music. （ D） Today in History. （ A） It is based on the interviews with popular singers. （ B） It is to introduce some famous songwriter
12、s. （ C） It helps to understand the words to the big music hits. （ D） It is the best program for the young listeners. （ A） They flew into a terrible storm. （ B） The plane hit an iceberg. （ C） Their seat belts loosened suddenly. （ D） A passenger couldnt open his eyes. （ A） Six people were around her.
13、（ B） She was the only one alive. （ C） Dead bodies were around her. （ D） Her legs were badly injured. （ A） Missing her family. （ B） Eating the mosquitoes. （ C） Counting the helicopters. （ D） Drinking the dirty water. Section C 26 Ninety percent of Americans know that most of their compatriots are ove
14、rweight, but just 40 percent believe themselves to be too fat. Government【 B1】 _ show that more than 60 percent of the U.S. population is overweight, and half is obese, meaning they are【 B2】 _health effects from their weight. But the Pew Research Center telephone survey of more than 2,000 adults fin
15、ds that many people【 B3】 _ how tall they are and underestimate how much they weigh and thus do not rate themselves as overweight, even when they are. The survey finds that most Americans, including those who say they are overweight, agree that【 B4】 _ behavior rather than genetic【 B5】 _or marketing b
16、y food companies is the main reason people are overweight.【 B6】 _, the public says that a failure to get enough exercise is the most important reason, followed by a lack of【 B7】 _about what to eat. About half the public also says that the kinds of foods marketed at restaurants and【 B8】_stores are a
17、very important cause, and roughly a third says the same about the effect of genetics and heredity. And at least some people【 B9】 _ have given up on dieting to control their weight. One in four respondents in the survey say they are currently dieting, and 52 percent say they have dieted at some point
18、 in their lives. In a poll taken 15 years ago, the percentage of adults who reported having ever dieted was【 B10】 _ higher 57 percent. Those surveyed agree that maintaining a healthy weight is important. Virtually everyone agrees that a persons weight has an impact on the chances for a long and heal
19、thy life. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Innovation, the effective recipe of progress, has always cost people their jobs. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has【 C1】 _many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-ce
20、ntury middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been【 C2】 _with. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such change is a natural part of rising【 C3】 _. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new a
21、nd better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants【 C4】 _more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not delivered to
22、joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more【 C5】 _. Today the pool of secretaries has【 C6】 _, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating(扰乱的 )effects of technology may make themselves
23、 evident faster than its benefit. Even if new jobs and【 C7】 _products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technologys impact will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but【 C8】 _sweeping through poorer cou
24、ntries too. Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological【 C9】_to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household devices, innovations that already exist could destroy jobs that have【 C10】 _been untouched. A)prosperity B)dispensed C)inquire D)wonderful E)parti
25、tion F)eventually G)sophisticated H)displaced I)conversely J)shrunk K)fragile L)disruption M)demand N)complicated O)hitherto 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Wikipedias Trembling AWikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! Thats the
26、 line repeated by the media every six months or so since 2009, when Spanish researcher Felipe Ortega first noticed that unprecedented numbers of volunteer editors were abandoning the sixth most popular website in the world. As the now familiar story goes, the byzantine(极其复杂的 )infrastructure behind t
27、he free, crowdsourced encyclopedia 30 million articles in 287 languages, including more than 4.3 million in English is choking to death. Wikipedia pessimists say the site is fatally blocked by white American men who would rather describe the extreme details of a new breed of Pokemon or fervently deb
28、ate the politicization of an Arabic food than guide a diverse group of new editors around the world. BThe other corrosive element is the pervasive fighting by editors that sometimes supersedes(替代 )the facts. “You have to realize that there are two very different sides to Wikipedia,“ Tare, a 40-year-
29、old IT worker from New England, told Newsweek in an email. One is “the public face of Jimbo Wales and the sum of human knowledge, represented in tens of hundreds of thousands of articles, i.e. the encyclopedia proper.“ The other is “harsh and ugly,“ like “taking the red pill and waking up in the Mat
30、rix.“ CIn many ways, Wikipedia is a victim of its success, and the Wiki spirit upon which it was founded. The site grew quickly: more than 20,000 articles in 18 languages just one year after Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded it in January 2001. Two years later, Wales launched the Wikimedia Founda
31、tion to finance and run the site; the nonprofit now has a staff of 187 people who develop and maintain open-content, Wiki-based products. After the site saw gigantic growth from 2004 to 2007 the English-language Wikipedia had around 750,000 entries by late 2005 the community created some tools to pr
32、eserve quality and accuracy. Things didnt go as planned. DA study published in the American Behavioral Science Journal by former Wikimedia fellows earlier this year found that the new automated quality-control tools and bureaucratic editing guidelines “crippled the very growth they were designed to
33、manage“ by scaring off new editors: The proportion of “desirable newcomers“ defined in the study as both “good-faith“ editors who try but fail to be productive and “golden“(successful)contributors entering Wikipedia has not changed since 2006, and they are significantly more likely than their predec
34、essors to have their first contributions rejected. The number of editors peaked in 2007 and has been falling ever since, and its now next-to-impossible to become a high-ranking “administrator,“ editors who check entries for accuracy and fairness. EThe Wikimedia foundation disclosed in its 2011-2012
35、annual report that “declining participation is by far the most serious problem facing the Wikimedia projects.“ The Wikimedia fellows behind a comprehensive study led by computer scientist and University of Minnesota Ph.D. candidate Aaron Halfaker were more blunt: They suggested Wikipedia change its
36、motto from “the encyclopedia that anyone can edit“ to “the encyclopedia that anyone who understands the norms, socializes him or herself, dodges the impersonal wall of semiautomated rejection and still wants to voluntarily contribute his or her time and energy can edit.“ FWikimedia has been working
37、hard on this problem, but the site is still “almost entirely written by techno-Libertarian white guys in their 30s,“ said Kevin Gorman, a longtime Wikipedia editor who has done work for the Wikimedia Foundation. According to a 2011 worldwide Wikipedia Editor Survey, the typical editor is college-edu
38、cated, 30 years old, and intimidatingly tech-savvy(懂行的人 ); 91 percent of them are men. GHeadlines proclaiming Wikipedias decline are “exaggerated and wrong,“ said Andrew Lih, a journalism professor at American University and author of The Wikipedia Revolution. Even Halfaker thinks theres hope. “Im i
39、nspired by what Wikipedia has done for the accessibility and access of knowledge generally,“ he told Newsweek. “But that doesnt mean that we cant do better.“ HWikimedia Executive Director Sue Gardner told Newsweek that Wikimedia is primarily focused on fixing the infrastructure, streamlining Wikiped
40、ias weak and inscrutable(高深莫测的 )text-based editing tool so that its as accessible to undergraduates and grandmas as it is to geeks(极客 ). She believes Visual Editor, currently in buggy Beta(测试 ), will do just that as soon as it stops crashing. IShe also pointed to another pet cause: modifying the sit
41、es interface in small ways most users probably wont notice. For example, when Wikimedia realized that successful editors got their sea legs by fixing typing errors, the foundation started directing new registrants toward articles full of them. “The idea is to handhold people so theyre getting positi
42、ve feedback,“ she said. According to Wikimedia, that quick fix has led to 3,000 new Wikipedians a month making their first edits. JWikimedia has also hired diversity advocates like Sarah Stierch, a longtime Wikipedia editor and gender issues campaigner. Before joining Wikimedia as a program evaluati
43、on community coordinator, Stierch held a paid Wikimedia fellowship during which she focused on gender work and taught women around the country how to edit Wikipedia. She also founded Teahouse, described on its Wikipedia page as “a friendly place to help new editors become accustomed to Wikipedia cul
44、ture, ask questions, and develop community relationships.“ KAdditionally, Wikimedia helps organize domestic and global education programs in which volunteer “ambassadors“ work with college professors to assign Wikipedia entries. Gardner extolled(赞扬 )the virtues of the program in Egypt, launched in s
45、pring 2012 to tackle the gender gap on the Arabic Wikipedia. It reached out to arts and languages departments, where there is a higher percentage of female students. According to Wikimedia, 87 percent of the Egyptian student-editors in the program are women, and theyve added more than 1,000 articles
46、 to the Arabic Wikipedia and have made needed edits on many existing articles. LGorman, the regional ambassador for the U.S. Education Program for California and Hawaii, spoke passionately of his work with professors and undergraduates. But he said the program lacks oversight(监督 ), particularly when
47、 it comes to targeting underrepresented topics, and wishes Wikimedia would consider paying ambassadors. “A lot of Wikipedians have a strong irrational fear of money,“ he said, which he believes holds back widespread progress. MGardners response: “I dont think we would ever consider paying ambassador
48、s, because we really dont have to. Wikipedians naturally want to share. They like coaching new people.“ Gardner believes Wiki-medias initiatives will start paying off in the next few years and they might but the data arent impressive. Stierch said her grassroots groups havent attracted new women to
49、editing and that Wikimedia still struggles to find women for leadership positions. NEven if Wikimedia fails to draw a diverse group of users who want to edit, not just battle one another, it seems unlikely that Wikipedia will self-destruct. What it offers the world is imperfect, but so much better than no Wikipedia at all even if, as Stierch said, the site “epitomizes(成为 的缩影 )a project started by good
