1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 162及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Whats your view on ideal? Write an essay commenting on the remark “Ideal is the beacon(指明灯 ).Without ideal, there is no secure direction: without direction, there is no life.“ You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. W
2、rite your essay on Answer Sheet 1. Section A （ A） She doesnt want to pay the late fee. （ B） She was given incorrect information. （ C） She cant afford to pay her tuition. （ D） She didnt pass her mathematics class last semester. （ A） The director couldnt give her an appointment right away. （ B） The of
3、fice was closed the first time she went. （ C） The computers were out of service the first time she was there. （ D） She did not have acceptable identification with her on her first visit. （ A） Her prior schooling. （ B） Her residence. （ C） Her age. （ D） Her driving record. （ A） The director probably i
4、snt able to make an exception. （ B） The director probably wont see her. （ C） The director usually isnt very helpful. （ D） Part-time students arent the directors responsibility. （ A） Chicago. （ B） New York. （ C） Boston. （ D） Detroit. （ A） In a little while. （ B） First thing in the morning. （ C） Prett
5、y quick. （ D） By 8: 00. （ A） An Elgin. （ B） A Rolex. （ C） A Seiko. （ D） A Bulova. （ A） A housewife. （ B） A typist in an office. （ C） An officer. （ D） A salesperson. Section B （ A） For scientific study. （ B） For field guides. （ C） For entertainment. （ D） For some film background. （ A） Finding birds f
6、or recording. （ B） Finding quiet areas for recording. （ C） Finding animals for recording. （ D） Finding mammals for recording. （ A） Attracting mates. （ B） Staking out their territories. （ C） Hearing each other. （ D） Sleeping. （ A） Because the pig was in his garden. （ B） Because it was in his potato p
7、atch. （ C） Because Griffin was a British soldier. （ D） Because Griffin had shot Culters pig. （ A） A war between Britain and the United States. （ B） A small battle between the American and the British troops. （ C） Talks by General Scott and the British governor. （ D） A meeting of Griffin and Culter.
8、（ A） The meeting resulted in both countries occupying San Juan Island. （ B） The meeting resulted in British ownership of the island. （ C） The meeting resulted in American ownership of the island. （ D） The meeting resulted in San Juan Island becoming independent. （ A） The United States. （ B） Canada.
9、（ C） No country. （ D） Both the United States and Britain. Section C （ A） Education and national security. （ B） A new report by the Council on Foreign Relations. （ C） The impact of poor education. （ D） Social cohesion and American dream. （ A） To make reading and math the most emphasized subjects. （ B
10、） To include more courses, such as technology and foreign languages. （ C） To offer teachers more choices. （ D） To establish more private schools for students. （ A） Foreign service. （ B） Intelligence agency. （ C） Cyber security. （ D） All the above. （ A） The belief that they have the most competitive
11、economy. （ B） The belief that they are the most powerful country in military forces. （ C） The belief that they can achieve anything so long as they work hard. （ D） The belief that public life in unfair. （ A） Prelaw students. （ B） A group of students. （ C） The audience. （ D） The faculty. （ A） Having
12、typing skill. （ B） Having experience in journalism. （ C） To be a qualified student. （ D） Having lots of money. （ A） Two days later. （ B） In a couple of days. （ C） Immediately after the meeting. （ D） Tomorrow. （ A） In order to locate the sun and stars. （ B） In case of getting lost after leaving a kno
13、wn land mark. （ C） In order to avoid the assaults from the beasts in the jungle. （ D） In order to keep a steady and even pace while traveling in the jungle. （ A） It will give you many extra miles of travel. （ B） It will offer bamboos used for craft. （ C） It will avoid mosquitoes and some other insec
14、ts. （ D） It will save time and energy at last. （ A） To keep warm when you are traveling in the jungle. （ B） To avoid the bites from the mosquitoes and some other insects. （ C） To frighten away the fierce beasts. （ D） To attract the attention of mosquitoes and some other insects. Section A 26 In a fa
15、mily where the roles of men and women are not sharply【 C1】 _and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in【 C2】_makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a
16、home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world【 C3】 _by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes“. If the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as【 C4】 _important and that has
17、happened in some cases we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to【 C5】 _the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism“ but we dont want to exchange it for a “Neo-Popism“. What we need,【 C6】 _, is there cognition that bringing up children invo
18、lves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychologists, social workers, and【 C7】_on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit nor all the blame. We have almost【 C8】 _up saying that a womans place is in th
19、e home and to insist that he does have a place in it, nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a【 C9】 _enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authori
20、tarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is【 C10】 _not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family. A)less B)male C)cooperative D)reassess E)encourage F)given G)decisions H)connected I)rather J
21、)corporation K)separated L)more M)specialists N)though O)characterized 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information give
22、n in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Set Your Bodys Time Clock Our Body Operates Like a
23、Clock AAs the first rays of sunlight filter over the hills of Californias Silicon Valley, Charles Winget opens his eyes. It is barely 5 a.m., but Winget is raring(渴望 )to go. Meanwhile, his wife pulls up the covers and buries her face under the pillow. “For the past fifteen years,“ says Winget, “Weve
24、 hardly ever gotten up together.“ BThe Wingets situation is not uncommon. Our bodies operate with the complexity of clocks, and like clocks, we all run at slightly different speeds. Winget is a morning person. His wife is not at her best until after nightfall. CBehavioral scientists long attributed
25、such differences to personal eccentricities or early conditioning. This thinking was challenged in the late 1950s by a theory labeled chronobiology by physician-biologist Franz Halberg. In a Harvard University laboratory, Dr. Halberg found that certain blood cells varied predictably in number, depen
26、ding on the time of day they were drawn from the body. The cell count was higher at a given time of day and lower 12 hours later. He also discovered that the same patterns could be detected in heart and metabolic rates and body temperature. DHalbergs explanation: instead of performing at a steady, u
27、nchanging rate, our systems function on an approximately 25-hour cycle. Sometimes we are accelerating, sometimes slowing down. We achieve peak efficiency for only a limited time each day. Halberg dubbed these bodily cadences “circadian rhythms“. EMuch of the leading work in chronobiology is sponsore
28、d today by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Charles Winget, a NASA research physiologist and authority on circadian rhythms, says that circadian principles have been applied to astronauts work schedules on most of the space-shuttle flights. FThe space-age research has many useful a
29、pplications here on earth. Chronobiologists can tell you when to eat and still lose weight, what time of day youre best equipped to handle the toughest challenges, when to go to the dentist with your highest threshold of pain and when to exercise for maximum effect. Says Winget, “Its a biological la
30、w of human efficiency: to achieve your best with the least effort, you have to coordinate the demands of your activities with your biological capacities.“ How to Figure Out Your Bodys Patterns GCircadian patterns can be made to work for you. But you must first learn how to recognize them. Winget and
31、 his associates have developed the following approach to help you figure out your bodys patterns. HTake your temperature one hour after getting up in the morning and then again at four-hour intervals throughout the day. Schedule your last reading as close to bedtime as possible. You should have five
32、 readings by the end of the day. INow add your first, third and fifth readings and record this total. Then add your second and fourth readings and subtract this figure from the first total. That number will be an estimate of your body temperature in the middle of the night consider it your sixth rea
33、ding. JNow plot all six readings on graph paper. The variations may seem minuscule(极小的 ) only one-tenth of a degree in some cases but they are significant. Youll probably find that your temperature will begin to rise between 3 a.m. and 6 a.m., reaching a peak sometime in the late morning or early af
34、ternoon. By evening the readings start to drop. They will steadily decline, reaching their nadir(最低点 )at around 2 a.m. Learn to Use Your Bodys Pattern KOf course, individual variations make all the difference. At what hour is your body temperature on the rise? When does it reach its highest point? I
35、ts lowest? Once you have familiarized yourself with you patterns, you can take advantage of chronobiology techniques to improve your health and productivity. LWe do our best physical work when our rhythms are at their peak. In most people, this peak lasts about four hours. Schedule your most taxing(
36、费力的 )activities when your temperature is highest. MFor mental activities, the timetable is more complicated. Precision tasks, such as mathematical work arc best tackled when your temperature is on the rise. For most people, this is at 8 or 9 a.m. By contrast reading and reflection are better pursued
37、 between 2 and 4 p.m., the time when body temperature usually begins to fall. NBreakfast should be your largest meal of the day for effective dieting. Calories burn faster one hour after we wake up than they do in the evening. During a six-year research project known as the Army Diet Study, Dr. Halb
38、erg, chronobiologist Robert Sothern and research associate Erna Halberg monitored the food intake of two groups of men and women. Both ate only one 2000-calorie meal a day, but one group ate their meal at breakfast and the other at dinner. “All the subjects lost weight eating breakfast,“ states Soth
39、ern. “Those who ate dinner either maintained or gained weight.“ OIf foods are processed differently at different times of day, certainly caffeine, alcohol and medicines will be too. Aspirin compounds, for example, have the greatest potency(力量 )in the morning, between 7 and 8.(So does alcohol.)They a
40、re least effective between 6 p.m. and midnight. Caffeine has the most impact around 3 in the afternoon. Charles Walker, dean of the College of Pharmacy at Florida A & M University, explains, “Stimulants are most effective when you are normally active, and sedatives(镇静药物 )work best when youre natural
41、ly sedate or asleep.“ PKnowing your rhythms can also help overcome sleep problems. Consult your body-temperature chart. Your bedtime should coincide with the point at which your temperature is lowest. This is between 11 p.m. and 2 a.m. for most people. QDr. Michael Thorpy of the Sleep-Wake Disorders
42、 Center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City offers other circadian sleep tips: go to bed at the same time every night and get up at the same time every morning, even on weekends. “Irregularity in sleep and waking times is the greatest cause of sleep problems,“ Dr. Thorpy says. The best way
43、 to recover from a bad nights sleep is simply to resume your normal cycle. Beware of sleeping pills. “Most sleeping pills wont work for periods longer than two weeks,“ warns Dr. Thorpy. And there is real danger of drug accumulation in the blood. RVisit a doctor or dentist as early in the day or as l
44、ate in the evening as possible, since your highest pain threshold is between 8 p.m. and 8 a.m. SWinget and fellow NASA chronobiologist Charles DeRoshia also offer advice to diminish the debilitating effects of jet lag: a week or so before departure begin adjusting your daily activities so that they
45、coincide with the time schedule of your destination. Eat a small, high-protein, low-carbohydrate meal just before your trip. Get plenty of sleep in the days before your trip. In flight, eat very little, drink lots of water and avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks. When you arrive, walk around, talk
46、to people, try to adapt to your environment. Before retiring, have a light meal, high in carbohydrates. Take a warm bath. TKnowing your bodys patterns is no guarantee of good health. But what chronobiology reveals is the importance of regularity in all aspects of your life and of learning to act in
47、synchronization with your bodys natural rhythms. 37 Charles Winget and his wife seldom get up together, because they have different circadian patterns. 38 To follow Wingets approach to figure out your bodys patterns, you should get the fourth temperature reading 12 hours after getting the first read
48、ing. 39 Dr. Franz Halberg found that we could attain peak efficiency at a certain time each day. 40 According to Charles Winget, in order to achieve human efficiency, we must coordinate the demands of our activities with our biological capacities. 41 If we are familiar with our circadian patterns, w
49、e can utilize chronobiology techniques to improve our productivity. 42 When your temperature is highest, youd better do some physical work such as move cargo. 43 You should go to bed when your temperature is lowest. 44 If you want to recover from a bad nights sleep, youd better resume your normal cycle. 45 In the Army Diet Study, the persons who ate their meal at breakfast lost their weight. 46 Aspirin compounds have the greatest potency in the morning betw
