1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 178及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Mark Twains remark “I can live for two months on a good compliment. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but n
2、o more than 200 words. Section A （ A） 80,000. （ B） 100,000. （ C） 400,000. （ D） 800,000. （ A） To help people start their own small business. （ B） To provide accommodation for holidaymakers. （ C） To link providers of spare rooms to holidaymakers. （ D） To study how the market-leaders of the industries
3、succeed. （ A） About 34,000. （ B） About 800,000. （ C） About 20,000. （ D） About 200,000. （ A） By collecting donations from its believers. （ B） By promoting their online religion services. （ C） By renting out their churches for big ceremonies. （ D） By charging travelers money for using their parking sp
4、aces. （ A） Charles Darwin. （ B） Patrick Matthew. （ C） Alfred Russel Wallace. （ D） Matthew Wallace. （ A） To look it up in her textbook. （ B） To search on the Internet. （ C） To ask her professor for help. （ D） To go to the library. （ A） A clever clog knows everything in the world. （ B） All the living
5、creatures have the same ancestor. （ C） Nature makes some species change into other species. （ D） Ideas are transformative and can be united. （ A） Some of them died out because they couldnt adapt to their environment. （ B） They could reproduce in a large number to keep the species survive. （ C） They
6、developed the ability to change their surroundings. （ D） They must abide by their traditional behavior to survive. Section B （ A） Humans social structure is the most complicated. （ B） Humans are able to cooperate with each other. （ C） Prediction is the key to humans survival. （ D） Humans are sensiti
7、ve and motivated. （ A） In boiling hot water. （ B） In slightly hot water. （ C） In room temperature water. （ D） In icy cold water. （ A） When they see the steam and ice in the tank. （ B） When they see the actors filling the containers. （ C） When they see the actors putting hands into the iced water. （
8、D） When they see the actors hands out of the water. （ A） It has the highest water cleanliness standard in Europe. （ B） It has the best natural swimming pools in Europe. （ C） It has the best purification specialists in Europe. （ D） It has the cleanest rivers in Europe. （ A） Whether the water is clean
9、 enough. （ B） If it can be used in all types of weather. （ C） If it will lead to less visitors. （ D） Whether the river traffic will be affected. （ A） To separate the changing rooms from the pool. （ B） To provide a path to the swimming area. （ C） To make the pool shallow enough for children. （ D） To
10、protect people from waves caused by river traffic. （ A） German environment agencies. （ B） The city of London. （ C） State government. （ D） Public donation. Section C （ A） It is the most important thing in peoples life. （ B） It influences peoples career and daily life. （ C） It has a large impact on th
11、e society nowadays. （ D） It has become a social problem nowadays. （ A） Change of tone. （ B） Fluency in language. （ C） Use of different types of words. （ D） Proper explanation of thoughts. （ A） They have to work harder at work. （ B） They can fill in any vacancy in a company. （ C） They will be popular
12、 for a long time. （ D） They could be special in a company. （ A） Make a joke about it and move on. （ B） Explain why and how it happens. （ C） Keep calm, apologize and continue. （ D） Pretend not to notice it and go on. （ A） Incidents of workers caused global anger. （ B） Kafala system leaves workers ope
13、n to abuse. （ C） An Indonesian worker was starved to death. （ D） Migrant workers can be targets of abuse. （ A） Her supporters paid the family of the man she killed. （ B） She got help from the International Labor Organization. （ C） She argued that her employer was raping her at the time. （ D） She spe
14、nt a month in a hospital because of her injuries. （ A） It needs negotiation for better conditions. （ B） It requires at least a three-year suspension. （ C） It can become similar to human trafficking. （ D） It needs ILOs approval on Convention 189. （ A） Imitating the words in movies. （ B） Remembering w
15、ords in a song. （ C） Listening and repeating words. （ D） Speaking the words to a rhythm. （ A） The three groups did exactly the same. （ B） The first group did the best in 4 tests. （ C） The second group performed better. （ D） The third group came out on top. （ A） Singing could lead to new ways of lear
16、ning a foreign language. （ B） Teachers shouldnt use music all the time to teach language. （ C） Language teachers already know the value of using singing. （ D） Adults learn words better when remembering them in songs. Section A 26 Anger often makes us uncomfortable. Its uncomfortable to witness and u
17、ncomfortable to feel. Witnessing your childs anger can be especially uncomfortable. In order to【 C1】 _this feeling, parents will often encourage children to “stop crying“. The “ stop crying“ parent is just doing what they were taught by their own parents. While telling your child to “stop crying“ is
18、【 C2】 _child abuse in itself, your child may still need help with depression,【 C3】 _, or other issues later in life. This cycle can be stopped, however, if we learn how to create healthier anger in our kids, and in ourselves. To understand why stuffing emotions away is unhealthy, think of emotions l
19、ike they are【 C4】 _wounds. When you cut your finger, your body knows to【 C5】_blood vessels and release white blood cells. In order to let your cut finger heal, youve got to let the bodys natural process work. Like the body, the psyche knows what needs to happen to【 C6】 _the emotional wounds. To let
20、your mind heal, youve got to let yourself go through a healing process as well. If you dont let yourself heal, whenever a similar event happens in your life, the old emotions will【 C7】 _and cause you pain. Until you learn to examine your feelings and let them go, theyll act like cuts that never clos
21、e. When we find our anger too uncomfortable to process and let go, we set that model for our children to copy. If a child never sees his or her parent express anger, the parent teaches that child that they, too, should never express anger. Or, if a parent always expresses his/her anger loudly and【 C
22、8】 _, the child may start to think of anger as something that is always frightening. The first thing you can do to create healthier anger in your children is to practice creating healthier anger in yourself. Try mindfulness exercises to start feeling more comfortable when being angry. Its our【 C9】 _
23、to anger that often makes our anger worse. Once youre better at experiencing anger and expressing it in a【 C10】_way, youll be able to model a good anger style for your kids. A)accept I)hurtfully B)addiction J)insistence C)emerge K)pessimistic D)emotional L)physical E)express M)relieve F)heal N)resis
24、tance G)healthy O)tighten H)heartedly 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Shock Treatment AThe objective of Americas Affordable Care Act of 2010commonly known as Obamacarewas to ensure that the 40m-plus Americans who lacked health i
25、nsurance could get it. Less widely appreciated, but at least as important, are the incentives and penalties the law introduced to make the countrys terribly expensive and poorly performing health services safer and more efficient. Economists are debating on how much credit Obamacare should get for a
26、 recent moderation in the growth of health costs, and for a fall in the number of patients having to be readmitted to hospital. Whatever the answer is, many companies see the disruption unleashed by the reforms as the business opportunity of a lifetime. BOne of the biggest shifts under way is to pha
27、se out the “fee for service“ model, in which hospitals and doctors surgeries are reimbursed(补偿 )for each test or treatment with no regard for the outcome, encouraging them to put patients through unnecessary and expensive procedures. Since Obamacare they are increasingly being paid by resultsa flat
28、fee for each successful hip replacement, say. There are also incentives for providers which meet cost or performance targets, and new requirements for hospitals to disclose their prices. CMillions of people are now looking for health insurance on the new public exchanges set up under the reforms. An
29、d Obamacare has come into effect at a time when American employers, who often provide health cover for their workers, are seeking to cut its cost by encouraging them to shop around on private exchanges, and by offering less generous plans. DThe result is that there are growing numbers of consumers s
30、eeking better treatment for less money. Existing health-care providers will have to adapt, or lose business. All sorts of other businesses, old and new, are seeking either to take market share from the conventional providers, or to provide the software and other tools that help hospitals, doctors, i
31、nsurers and patients make the most of this new world. EPatients are increasingly having to pay higher “ deductibles(免赔额 )“ out of their own pockets, before the insurance kicks in, to keep the cost of the cover down. So for minor ailments and simple tests, it makes sense for such patients to go to on
32、e of the increasing numbers of walk-in clinics, staffed by well-qualified nurses, on the premises of retail pharmacies such as Walgreens. The prices are clear, the care is cheap and the service is quick. Walgreens has a partnership with Theranos, a diagnostics firm, which offers customers a range of
33、 tests from a tiny drop of blood. Walmart, a giant supermarket chain with many in-store pharmacies, also intends to become one of the leading sellers of affordable health services, says Alex Hurd, its product-development chief. FFor injuries and illnesses that are more serious but not immediately li
34、fe-threatening, lots of “urgent-care centers“ are being opened as an alternative to going to a hospital emergency unit. Private-equity firms are pouring money into independent chains of centers. Merchant Medicine, a consulting firm, reckons that between them, these chains now have just over 1,500 ur
35、gent-care centers, up from about 1,300 at the start of 2013. The market is still fragmented but a national brand could emerge from one of the largest chains, such as Concentra or MedExpress. GSome hospital operators, seeking to cut their costs of care, and choosing to. be among the disrupters rather
36、 than the disrupted, are also opening urgent-care centers. Aurora Health Care, a Wisconsin-based chain of hospitals and clinics, now has more than 30 of them. HHospital operators are now facing a classic “innovators dilemma“ , as described by Clay Christensen, a Harvard business professor. If they p
37、ersist with their high-cost business model even as their customers discover that cheaper alternatives are good enough, they will be in trouble. According to Strata Decision Technology, an analytics firm, many hospital groups saw what was coming and started to cut their costs well before the provisio
38、ns of Obamacare started to bite. One of the fastest movers is Advocate Health Care, a hospital operator from Illinois, which says it now earns two-thirds of its revenues from value-based payments. IThe largest chains of for-profit hospitals, such as Tenet Healthcare, HCA and Community Health Systems
39、, are rather profitable. They have trimmed their costs, been conservative with capital and, thanks to Obamacare raising the number of Americans with health insurance, now have more patients and fewer bad debts. However, credit-rating agencies are worried about the prospects for the not-for-profit ho
40、spitals, which are 60% of the total. With lower margins, and less capital to make investments, they have become targets for takeover, says Jim Bonnette of the Advisory Board Company, another consulting outfit. JAs a result, further consolidation in the hospital business is likely. This could mean gr
41、eater efficiency and lower costs. But if antitrust authorities are not vigilant, it may lead to a concentration of market power. If so, the benefits from the efficiencies being wrung out of the hospital system may end up in the pockets of shareholders rather than saving patients and insurers money.
42、KObamacare is also encouraging the creation of all sorts of health-related advisory and intermediary companies that help care providers, insurers and patients save money. A company called Vitals approaches employees on behalf of their companys health plan, and offers them cash rewards, and a taxi, i
43、f they agree to be treated at a cheaper provider. The sums to be saved can be astonishing: a new cost-comparison tool created by Blue Cross Blue Shield, a big alliance of private health insurers, has found that a colonoscopy(结肠镜检查 )with a biopsy costs $8,489 at one clinic in Chapel Hill, North Carol
44、ina, but just $928 at another provider in Greensboro, only 50 miles(80km)or so away. LCohealo offers a “sharing economy“ solution for hospitals and clinics wanting to make the best use of expensive equipment, in much the same way as Airbnb helps people with spare rooms fill them with paying guests.
45、Doximity is trying to be a Facebook for doctors, letting them refer patients and discuss treatments securely without the blizzard of faxes they rely on today. Grand Rounds is a sort of medical Match. com: an online matchmaker that pairs patients with specialists. As in other industries, administrato
46、rs are being tempted to switch to renting software and data storage in the online “cloud“ : Athenahealth, a seller of medical back-office software, is trying to get doctors and hospitals to move patients health records onto its cloud-based service. Preliminary diagnosis MFor supporters of Obamacare,
47、 it is clear that the reforms are empowering patients, driving public and private health insurers to achieve better value, forcing existing providers to shape up and providing opportunities for disruptive newcomers. Digital technology is also helping to increase transparency about prices, making it
48、easier to share information and increase efficiency. For some analysts it all adds up to a “new health economy“as PwC, a consulting firm, puts itthe most significant re-engineering of the American health system, by far the worlds costliest, since employers began providing cover for their workers in
49、the 1930s. NAnd the revolution has only just begun. The Obama administration recently set a target of making 50% of Medicare payments value-based, rather than fee for service, by the end of 2018. Americas largest private payers have a target of 75% by 2020. So hospitals do not have long to shape up. Some will have their profits squeezed, and customers stolen by new rivals. Some may close, or be taken over. But for other businesses, from supermarket and pharmacy cha
