1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 186及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on direct and indirect experience by referring to the saying “Youll learn more about a road by traveling it than by consulting all the maps in the world.“ You can give examples to i
2、llustrate your point and then explain how you can get more direct experience. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Play basketball with his colleagues. （ B） Go to hospital and have a physical check. （ C） Lose weight and strengthen the muscles. （ D） Compete i
3、n a cycling race with colleagues. （ A） He should start with a light workout. （ B） He should go to have a check-up. （ C） He should eat less fatty foods. （ D） He should visit a fitness trainer. （ A） It helps improve the physical health. （ B） It is good for a sound sleep. （ C） It helps develop mental t
4、oughness. （ D） It helps lose weight. （ A） He wakes up very early. （ B） He stays up watching TV. （ C） He often plays baseball. （ D） He hates fruits and vegetables. （ A） A literature professor. （ B） An academic advisor. （ C） Dean of the English Department. （ D） A Doctor of Applied Linguistics. （ A） To
5、 inquire about switching majors. （ B） To find a helping supervisor. （ C） To make up the remaining credits. （ D） To apply for a masters degree. （ A） He cant catch up with his classmates. （ B） He finds the English course load too heavy. （ C） He is not interested in his present major. （ D） He is good a
6、t Applied Linguistics. （ A） Twenty-four credits. （ B） Twelve credits. （ C） Three Credits. （ D） Thirty-six credits. Section B （ A） Immediately. （ B） The following week. （ C） In two weeks. （ D） At the end of the semester. （ A） With a thesis statement. （ B） With a list of references. （ C） With a summar
7、y of the conference. （ D） With a conclusion of the paper. （ A） Finish a textbook assignment. （ B） Review for the final examination. （ C） Choose proper research topics. （ D） Prepare an outline for a paper. （ A） Less than 68%. （ B） About 50%. （ C） Over 70% （ D） Around 45% （ A） Whether it is necessary
8、to put labels on prepared foods. （ B） What ingredient should a nutrition label list （ C） How to get consumers to read labels more carefully. （ D） What food information should be provided to consumers. （ A） Doubtful （ B） Supportive. （ C） Opposing. （ D） Neutral. （ A） More detailed labeling. （ B） Simpl
9、e labeling. （ C） Precise labeling. （ D） Basic labeling. Section C （ A） It is a typical 26-mile marathon. （ B） It is longer than a typical one. （ C） It is a tough one on icy roads. （ D） It was initiated by Scott Jurek. （ A） He won prizes in many racing competitions. （ B） He enjoyed outdoor activities
10、 in the snow. （ C） He grew up hunting and fishing. （ D） He used to like running in fields. （ A） Its great but not healthy for body. （ B） It has helped him reach his extremity. （ C） Its beyond most racers endurance. （ D） Its an exploration of body and spirit. （ A） He caused a fire on a plane by smoki
11、ng. （ B） His flight home was hijacked by terrorists. （ C） He experienced an accident at 3,000 ft. high. （ D） His fear of height happened at high altitude. （ A） He should no longer put off anything in life. （ B） He should celebrate his survival with his friends. （ C） He should eliminate negative ener
12、gy from his life. （ D） He should keep a good relationship with his wife. （ A） He felt it was cooler than whats in a movie. （ B） He felt very excited to think about his kids. （ C） He was frightened very much. （ D） He had a sense of sadness. （ A） Entrance fees for public parks. （ B） Third parties use
13、of public parks. （ C） Costs of maintaining public parks. （ D） Behaviors of dogs in public parks. （ A） It is a real community hub. （ B） It is a rose garden for women. （ C） Its Gods creation for believers. （ D） Its a paradise for local children. （ A） They charge visitors entrance fees. （ B） They keep
14、the park tidy and welcoming. （ C） They go on patrol in the park to avoid theft. （ D） They organize various activities for visitors. （ A） Lower the price of the parks admission ticket. （ B） Ban all commercial activities held in the park. （ C） Build a theatre in the park for local visitors. （ D） Charg
15、e money for third parties using parks. Section A 26 Throughout history man has observed such natural cycles as the rising and setting of the sun, the ebb and flow of the ocean tides, and the changes of the seasons. The【 C1】 _nature of these events provided people with a measure of【 C2】_about things
16、to come and give them reason to reflect on their past and plan for their future. The regularity of such social activities as work hours, meal times, and holiday schedules【 C3】 _the extent to which human activity itself is organized in cycles. Recently,【 C4】 _effort has been spent investigating the e
17、ffect of various biological rhythms in the human body.【 C5】 _, interest in these rhythms at least in part results from mans basic desire to predict future behavior. The human body【 C6】 _a number of repeatable rhythms: heartbeats, breathing rates, brain waves and other physiological processes within
18、the human machine. Scientists studying rhythms in humans have measured sleep patterns and attention【 C7】 _over periods of several days, and have【 C8】 _the fact that the cycles exist and exert effects on physiological and sociological behavior. A common example is jet lag. A persons traveling in the
19、east-west direction across time zones【 C9】 _his sleep cyclesit may take several days to return to the【 C10】_cycle or to readjust to a new one. A)indicates E)considerable I)Certainly M)security B)demonstrated F)upsets J)Thankfully N)exhibits C)verifying G)disappoints K)spans O)limits D)normal H)perio
20、dic L)gorgeous 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Why Sustainable Buildings Need to Focus on Community And Collaboration? AAccording to the government, buildings in the UK account for about 43% of all carbon emissions: when you als
21、o consider the amount of other resources they require, such as water, and the amount of energy that goes into transporting millions of us to work every day, its clear we need to make our buildings more sustainable. Yet sustainability does not begin and end with reducing carbon. The buildings we work
22、 in define and shape their neighbourhoods, especially in cities, where they have an enormous social impact upon communities. Local traders depend on the income from the people who are employed nearby, while the wellbeing of employees is affected by their workplace surroundings. BSo how can we ensure
23、 the buildings of the future are sustainable, creative and productive workplaces that benefit the employees who work in them and the communities that surround them? That question formed the basis of a recent roundtable debate, held in association with property investor Derwent London. Saving energy
24、CUnusually, the early part of the discussion was framed by a prototype office for Derwents White Collar Factory project. The building, which goes on site in 2014, has been designed to test sustainable ways of lighting, heating, cooling and occupying a building, for instance, by mixing start-ups with
25、 established companies. Compared to a normal office building, the White Collar Factory will save a tonne of carbon every two days, said Derwent Londons director Paul Williams. “It will also be an enjoyable space,“ he said, referring to the open-plan, high-ceiling design. DHowever, designing a high-s
26、pec building that takes advantage of all the latest energy-saving technologiessuch as advanced heating, cooling and building-management softwaredoes not always guarantee a sustainable future. EChris Early, estates manager of Telefonica, said developers should not get “hung up about the type of air c
27、onditioning“. By concentrating solely on energy-saving technologies, developers could lose sight of the wider issues surrounding sustainability. “Its about how you develop a larger site as a whole: the mixture of small and large occupiers and startups.“ For developments to be successful in the futur
28、e, youve got to be delivering space that works from an occupational perspective, so people can collaborate within their own organisation, but also with others. There has got to be more of a community feel.“ FSpeaking off the record, one participant suggested that the reason why developments werent a
29、lways designed and occupied sustainably was simply down to finance. “Im not sure the boardroom understands buildings. My finance director will focus purely on the numbers, the minimum amount of space we can occupy, the lowest rates we can secure the space for. Were constantly challenged trying to ex
30、plain the wider tangible(切实的 )benefits a creative space can offer.“ GRab Bennetts, co-founder of Bennetts Associates, agreed it was difficult to measure the benefits of creative spaceas opposed to something like rentin a tangible way, but he suggested that reducing absenteeism and improving recruitm
31、ent, for example, were benefits that are often overlooked. “If you can improve the workforce a little bit by making it a nicer place so theres less absenteeism, the difference is huge,“ said Bennetts. HWhile all delegates acknowledged that cost was an important issue, Chris Sherwin, head of sustaina
32、bility at Seymourpowell, suggested many of the related problems could be overcome by thinking about the issues at the initial design stage. Referring to his experience of working with manufacturers and product developers, Sherwin said: “Most of the wellbeing and environmental impacts are locked in a
33、t the very early design stages and I think its pretty much the same with buildings.“ IFor Ziona Strelitz, founder director of ZZA responsive user environments, the failure to create sustainable working environments in the past resulted from directors being afraid to take what would be perceived as r
34、isks. However, she believed that was no longer the case. “There was a generational shift after the dotcom boom, there was a turning point where the people deciding on what kind of spaces they wanted changed. Suddenly much younger people had the money and power to make premises decisions.“ JBut a not
35、e of caution was sounded by Stephen Taylor, associate director at Allford Hall Monaghan Morris architects, who pointed out that people have different ideas about what their perfect workplace is. “The best we can hope for as architects is to give people that loose fit to allow flexibility to happen o
36、ver time.“ Designing buildings in this manner would give occupiers flexibility over how they wanted to work, he said. Collaborative working KThe benefits of flexible working are not confined to improving employees wellbeing, either, said Early. Discussing his own organisations policy on remote worki
37、ng, he said: “Its sustainable as were reducing car use by encouraging people to work from home. were trying to make it more of a hotel environment, where you come in to do something productive then go.“ While using LED lighting and other energy-saving initiatives were “good housekeeping“, keeping an
38、 estate small was ultimately fundamental to reducing an organisations carbon footprint. So how can companies reduce their estate? LMany participants thought technology could provide an answer. Strelitz pointed to the work of Liq-uidSpace, a US-based firm that has created an app to help users find an
39、d book a work space suited to their needs, whenever they need it. The app also allows the companies providing the workplaces to optimise the space they have available. Participants agreed this kind of collaborative working could be key to the future of sustainable buildings. “To think people only ha
40、ve their own employees in a building and theyre only going to work in a certain way has gone for everand that change has to be embraced,“ said Williams. MWhile everyone recognised that collaborative working among occupiers was a major step towards making buildings more sustainable, when it came to c
41、ollaboration among landlords and developers, many felt a lack of government direction was hindering progress. Unless politicians are engaged in the discussion, its hard to imagine there will be much drive for sustainability through regulation, said Tony Travers, director of LSE London. “Most governm
42、ents are trying to avoid regulationsso making the discussion more accessible to those who make planning decisions is essential, otherwise it will be cut off from the places that bring the pressure to create change.“ NBennetts suggested that the government had missed an opportunity when it scrapped p
43、roposals to make display energy certificates mandatory for commercial buildings. As an alternative, he suggested introducing a “kitemark“(风筝标志 )for buildings, which rated their environmental, social and economic sustainability, including social capital. The mark would be displayed prominently on a b
44、uilding to raise the profile of its energy use. OThe way buildings are assessed for their sustainability came in for some criticism. The environmental assessment and rating method was described as too complicated by delegates. “The market has taken it and used it as the standard,“ said John Davies,
45、sustainability manager of Derwent London. “It has turned from a guidebook into a rulebook.“ PDespite criticism of the lack of statute and some of the assessment methods, the debate ended with much positivity. Delegates were confident that advances in technology and collaborative working, plus a new
46、generation entering the boardroom, would ensure sustainability became increasingly important to landlords, developers and occupiers in future. As Bennetts pointed out: “Theres been more progress and more innovation over the past five years than the past 25 years.“ 37 The government once discarded pr
47、oposals to make it mandatory for commercial buildings to display energy certificates. 38 Too much focus on energy-saving technologies could make developers neglect other issues of sustainability. 39 To reduce an organizations carbon emissions, it is essential for people to keep the building down to
48、a certain size. 40 A large quantity of carbon emissions produced by buildings, together with other resources they require, make it clear that sustainable buildings are needed. 41 There existed no government direction between landlords and developers, which affected the progress of their cooperation.
49、 42 It was suggested by a participant that finance accounted for unsustainable design of building developments. 43 There was an important change that a new generation of people started making premises decisions after the popularity of the Internet. 44 Some delegate held the view that financial problems would not be an issue if related matters were taken into consideration at the early design stage. 45 There is an application now helping users find and book a s
