1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 188及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay about the impact of social networking by referring to the saying “Social networking platforms drive a man closer to those in neighboring continents, while driving him further apart
2、from those in his neighborhood.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain what you can do to avoid the bad effects of social networking. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） He cant find his office key. （ B） He has misplaced some exams
3、. （ C） He is unable to speak out. （ D） He doesnt enjoy teaching. （ A） Mark the latest course assignment. （ B） Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door. （ C） Make an appointment with the doctor. （ D） Return some exam papers to his students. （ A） Teach Dons class while hes absent （ B） Give Prof
4、essor Webster the key to Dons office. （ C） Leave the assignment on the board in Dons classroom. （ D） Bring Don the homework that is due today. （ A） Copy all the assignment from the blackboard. （ B） Finish the assignment on a required page. （ C） Go to attend another class in the same building. （ D） P
5、repare for a group presentation in the next class. （ A） From a special seminar. （ B） From a cultural documentary. （ C） From what she just read. （ D） From her Canadian friend. （ A） In New Mexico. （ B） In British Columbia. （ C） In Alberta. （ D） In Arizona. （ A） They prefer cool temperatures. （ B） They
6、 can survive extreme conditions. （ C） They are vulnerable to radiation. （ D） They have a very short life span. （ A） Copy the article about scorpions. （ B） Have lunch with him. （ C） Buy books about scorpions. （ D） Go to Canada with him. Section B （ A） Communication actually takes place when the messa
7、ge is received. （ B） There are more means of receiving than of sending communications. （ C） Reception of communication involves use of the senses. （ D） It is hard to organize by typing the means of sending communication. （ A） Clapping hands. （ B） Gesture and imitation. （ C） Handshaking. （ D） Smell a
8、nd taste. （ A） They dont need conventional signs and symbols. （ B） They only require a receiver in communication. （ C） The distance between communicators cant be too long. （ D） They are not restricted in time and space. （ A） Worse than in the past. （ B） As bad as in the past. （ C） Not so dangerous a
9、s in the past. （ D） As necessary as in the past. （ A） The adoption of modern ideologies can stop war. （ B） The adoption of any ideology could prevent war. （ C） The adoption of some ideologies could prevent war. （ D） The adoption of any ideology cant stop war. （ A） Enhance the contests of force. （ B）
10、 Change peoples old mental habits. （ C） Change peoples ideologies. （ D） Persuade mankind to live with war. （ A） War is the only way to solve international disputes. （ B） War will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weapons. （ C） It is impossible for people to live without war. （ D） War m
11、ust be abolished if man wants to survive. Section C （ A） Her personal experience to be a successful CEO. （ B） Her management in Avon as a successful CEO. （ C） Her family education of the Chinese heritage. （ D） Her education experience in both China and America （ A） Her parents hard work to fulfill t
12、heir full potential. （ B） Her parents thirst for opportunities of higher education. （ C） Her parents desire to adapt to American society. （ D） Her parents strong sense of competition in America （ A） They studied engineer in Canada for graduate degree. （ B） They spoke very good English when they reac
13、hed America （ C） They were more concerned with the speakers EQ than IQ. （ D） They valued both Chinese and Western cultures in family education. （ A） Creative. （ B） Aggressive. （ C） Respectful. （ D） Responsible. （ A） The Open University. （ B） The Young Foundation. （ C） The British government. （ D） Th
14、e School of Everything. （ A） School graduates lack of creativity and responsibility. （ B） School graduates lack of right attitudes and experience. （ C） School graduates lack of experience and confidence. （ D） School graduates lack of communication skills. （ A） Students learn best by doing things for
15、 real. （ B） Students learn fast in business environment （ C） Students learn fast through online courses. （ D） Students learn best when sitting in classrooms. （ A） To find out how much time they spend in making decisions. （ B） To find out how many hours they spend on business meetings. （ C） To find o
16、ut how often they go on business traveling. （ D） To find out how much pressure they undertake at work. （ A） To make choices more easily. （ B） To make work time more efficient. （ C） To make shopping more convenient. （ D） To make decisions more independently. （ A） In words. （ B） By eye contact. （ C） B
17、y clapping hands. （ D） By raising hand. Section A 26 It seems logical: College graduates have lower unemployment and earn more than less educated workers, so, the thinking goes, the fix for todays weak growth in jobs and wages is to make sure that more people earn college degrees. But thats a common
18、 misperception,【 C1】 _attention from the serious work that has to be done to create jobs and improve incomes. A college education remains a【 C2】 _to more stable, higher-paying employment. The recent jobless rate for college graduates ages 25 and older was 3.2 percent. That is a far lower rate of job
19、lessness than for high school graduates and people without high school【 C3】 _. But that doesnt mean that enough good jobs are, or will be,【 C4】 _for college graduates. The jobless rate for those under 25 averaged 8.2 percent this year. Recent graduates also face【 C5】 _underemployment, meaning that t
20、hey work in jobs that typically do not require bachelors degrees. Pay,【 C6】 _, has not changed for college-educated workers over the past 12 years. Thats better than【 C7】 _, as has been the case for less-educated workers. But it also shows that a college education, in and of itself, does not create
21、good jobs at good pay. For that, a【 C8】 _economy is essential including consistent pro-employment policies and investments by business and government. Right now, the【 C9】 _for more good jobs at good pay is not good. According to recent data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, of the 20 occupations
22、expected to add the most new jobs from 2012 to 2022, only one general and operations managementrequires a bachelors degree. It also pays well. Most of the other big-growth occupations offered very low or【 C10】 _pay. A)declining E)qualitative I)moderate M)eligible B)diplomats F)available J)hence N)di
23、plomas C)meanwhile G)evacuated K)diverting O)rising D)outlook H)thriving L)path 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Depression AIn bed, you toss and turn, unable to get a good nights sleep. You feel anxious and worried. Theres plent
24、y to do, but the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You dont even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,“ but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty concentrating and making decisions. When you look in the mirror, you hate yourself. You are
25、 definitely in one of lifes valleys you are depressed. Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless that you cant function normally in everyday life. BDepression occurs at all ages, altho
26、ugh major depressive episodes peak between the ages of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About half of those who experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people, episodes of depression are separated by several years, while others suffer groups of
27、episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, such individuals feel well. CMajor depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults or 6.7 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and older in a given year. Major depressive disorder is more common in women than in men. A
28、lthough treatment can help more than 80 percent of people with severe depression, most people with depression do not seek treatment. Depression can range from a mild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior. Its important to understand the various types of depression so that you can recognize
29、them. DReactive depression. This type of depression is a reaction to stressful events divorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experience. The person is unable to recover normally from the feelings associated with th
30、e event. Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages. ESeasonal Affective Disorder(SAD). If you live in the northern latitudes and suffer depression during the winter months, you may suffer from seasonal affective disorder caused by a lac
31、k of exposure to sunlight. Doctors arent sure exactly what physiological mechanisms are at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hormone melatonin. SAD sufferers feel lethargic and irritable. They may also suffer fr
32、om chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “womans depression,“ in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since about half of all SAD sufferers have relatives who also suffer from SAD or other em
33、otional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited FBiochemical depression. Doctors arent sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. Its likely that this type of depression is caused by biochemical problems within the brain. The
34、 problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem. GDisease or drug-related depression. Some diseases such as AIDS, stroke, chronic pain, and hypothyroid
35、ism(甲状腺 功能减退 )can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland(甲状腺 )malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain, impaired memory, and shortness o
36、f breath Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone. HCertain drugs such as alcohol, tranquilizers(镇定剂 ), and heart and blood pressure medications, as well as withdrawal from some street drugs like cocaine, can c
37、ause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed. And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression. ITeenage depression. Recognizing depression in children is important. Depression in teenagers may appear
38、 somewhat different from adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young people become overwhelmed by peer pressures and feelings of isolation and powerless-ness
39、. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decrease in his or her ability to cope effectively.(As is the case for adults, treatment for
40、 depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.) JDepression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, and age. Additionally, an individuals self-confidence, personality traits such as dependency on others or
41、 perfectionism and unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to depression. Many people with major depression also suffer from intense anxiety. KThere are many theories about the causes of depression. The social lea
42、rning theory suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory suggests that a significant loss(such as of a parent)or a withdrawal of affection in childhood(whether real or perceived)may lead to
43、 depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expectations of oneself and others and loss of self-esteem are essential components leading to depression. LSome individuals may be biologic
44、ally predisposed to depression: in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions in the body that are controlled by these genes. Depression often runs in families. For example, if one identical twin suffers from dep
45、ression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness. MEnvironmental Influences. Researchers view depression as the result of interaction between environmental and biological factors. Depression can be endogenous(internally caused)or exogenous(related to outside events). Major
46、changes in ones environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Some environmental factors relating to depression include being unemployed, poor, elderly, or alone. Depression changes ones way of looking at ordinary li
47、fe circumstances. A depressed person tends to exaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed. NHow do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself and others? People who suffer from depression have a number of symptoms nearly every day,
48、all day, for at least two weeks. Depressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep or excessive need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of appetite or comp
49、ulsive eating, loss of sexual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt. OMany depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem endless and do not get better with happy events or good news. Some depressed people are so disabled by their condition that they dont have enough energy to call a friend, relative, or medical professional for help. If a
