1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 190及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Social Practice. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 1对于是否应该参加社会实践，大家看法不一 2参加社会实践的重要性
2、 Section A （ A） Putting up posters for her works. （ B） Attending an art class. （ C） Decorating her dorm room. （ D） Organizing a global tour. （ A） Two dimensional. （ B） Three dimensional. （ C） Colorful. （ D） Detailed. （ A） She earned a lot of money. （ B） She learned many things. （ C） She was acquaint
3、ed with many people. （ D） She became an art major. （ A） Hold an exhibition on campus. （ B） Go to New York City. （ C） Enter for the tour to Boston. （ D） Meet the European painters. （ A） They clustered in caves. （ B） They traveled in groups. （ C） They had a refined language. （ D） They fed mostly on fr
4、uit. （ A） Looked for caves. （ B） Burned trees. （ C） Went to the sea. （ D） Built wooden houses. （ A） They lived in sturdy shelters. （ B） They used sand as insulation. （ C） They kept fires burning constantly. （ D） They faced their homes southward. （ A） Meet his anthropology teacher. （ B） Lend him her
5、magazine when she finishes it. （ C） Come over to his house after class. （ D） Speak slowly for him to take notes. Section B （ A） How important money is in ones day-to-day life. （ B） How one spends money shows what is important to him. （ C） Money is more important than the philosophy of life. （ D） One
6、s understanding of life is more important than money. （ A） To test the strength of a friendship. （ B） To bring friends even closer. （ C） To know more people who are in need. （ D） To make your friends feel they are helpful. （ A） Money is proof of ones value. （ B） Money is a means instead of an end. （
7、 C） Making more money is meaningless. （ D） Money can give great happiness. （ A） It can be acquired from seafood. （ B） It is good for our bones and teeth. （ C） It is mainly consumed by vegetarians. （ D） It is not as nutritious as it used to be. （ A） Delicious snacks and mineral water. （ B） Foods that
8、 contain much calcium. （ C） Noodles with high carbohydrates. （ D） Fruits that contain vitamins and fibre. （ A） They are allergic to meat, fish and other animal products. （ B） They cannot get over the brutal scenes of killing animals. （ C） Some of them think it is morally wrong to kill animals for fo
9、od. （ D） Some of them believe it is healthier to eat meat and beans. （ A） They refer to transgenic organisms. （ B） They are harmful to the environment. （ C） They are grown in green and clean ways. （ D） They are grown with less harmful chemicals. Section C （ A） He must exploit his talent （ B） He must
10、 improve his performance. （ C） He must defeat his nervousness. （ D） He must win the audiences favor. （ A） Admitting his problem of nervousness. （ B） Creating a song to express his fright （ C） Practicing more on the stage. （ D） Singing with more confidence than before. （ A） His familys support （ B） H
11、is friends praise. （ C） The stage fright song. （ D） Audiences tolerance. （ A） There will be more plastics than fish in oceans. （ B） More and more fish will die from starvation. （ C） People use more and more plastic packaging. （ D） The oceans of the world are over-fished. （ A） The plastic is not easy
12、 to collect （ B） Some plastic can not be recycled （ C） The plastic needs technical transport （ D） The plastic doesnt break down. （ A） By forbidding over-fishing. （ B） By recycling plastics in daily life. （ C） By developing available technology. （ D） By exploiting ocean resource. （ A） Plastics take t
13、oo much ocean space. （ B） Plastics pollute the water in oceans. （ C） Plastics cause their abnormal death. （ D） Plastics warm up the surface of oceans. （ A） Having less contact with themselves. （ B） Having less contact with others. （ C） Working more hours than before. （ D） Pushing themselves to go no
14、where. （ A） Its workers write books on the inner search engine. （ B） It makes the wisest use of modem technology. （ C） Its workers enjoy 20% of their paid time free. （ D） It stresses the importance of imagination. （ A） Sitting still. （ B） Contacting people. （ C） Training imagination. （ D） Improving
15、skills. Section A 26 Since 2007, the American Psychological Association(APA)has conducted a survey of different aspects of stress in America, This years analysis focused on teens, and on a 10-point scale,【 C1】 _ranked their stress at 5.8, compared with a score of 5.1 reported by adults. Even more【 C
16、2】 _, says Norman Anderson, CEO and executive vice president of the APA, is the fact that most teens knew their stress levels werent healthy they said 3.9 was probably more【 C3】 _ but did little about it. In fact, the survey【 C4】_that 42% of teens arent doing enough to manage their stress. Thats con
17、cerning, since unaddressed stress can lead to both short-term mental-health issues such as depression, as well as lay the seeds for【 C5】 _conditions such as heart disease and high blood pressure in adulthood. Whats causing teens to feel so anxious? Eighty three percent【 C6】 _school as a source of st
18、ress, including concerns about their future after high school and worries about college. For some, family financial issues also caused anxiety, which wasnt【 C7】_since previous studies found that parental stress can trickle(滴流 )down to children, even at very young ages. “This population is underserve
19、d, and not taken seriously sometimes,“ said Katherine Nordal, of the APA. “We wanted to【 C8】 _light on some of the problems we know teens are having and whether they are successful at coping with them or not.“ Clearly, said Anderson, “We have work to do to manage stress overall. Stress levels among
20、Americans continue to be high, but coping【 C9】 _remain ineffective.“ Teens reported doing everything that they probably shouldnt in order to relieve stressthey arent getting enough sleep and theyre less【 C10】 _active. A)revealed E)physically I)chronic M)mechanisms B)surprising F)practicable J)desira
21、ble N)revenged C)disperse G)cited K)mentally O)disturbing D)adolescents H)seniors L)shine 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Wikipedias Trembling AWikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! Thats the line repeated by the media every s
22、ix months or so since 2009, when Spanish researcher Felipe Ortega first noticed that unprecedented numbers of volunteer editors were abandoning the sixth most popular website in the world. As the now familiar story goes, the byzantine(极其复杂的 )infrastructure behind the free, crowdsourced encyclopedia
23、30 million articles in 287 languages, including more than 4.3 million in English is choking to death. Wikipedia pessimists say the site is fatally blocked by white American men who would rather describe the extreme details of a new breed of Pokemon or fervently debate the politicization of an Arabic
24、 food than guide a diverse group of new editors around the world. BThe other corrosive element is the pervasive fighting by editors that sometimes supersedes(替换 )the facts. “You have to realize that there are two very different sides to Wikipedia,“ Tarc, a 40-year-old IT worker from New England, tol
25、d Newsweek in an email. One is “the public face of Jimbo Wales and the sum of human knowledge, represented in tens of hundreds of thousands of articles, i.e. the encyclopedia proper.“ The other is “harsh and ugly,“ like “taking the red pill and waking up in the Matrix.“ CIn many ways, Wikipedia is a
26、 victim of its success, and the Wiki spirit upon which it was founded. The site grew quickly: more than 20,000 articles in 18 languages just one year after Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded it in January 2001. Two years later, Wales launched the Wikimedia Foundation to finance and run the site: t
27、he nonprofit now has a staff of 187 people who develop and maintain open-content, Wiki-based products. After the site saw gigantic growth from 2004 to 2007 the English-language Wikipedia had around 750,000 entries by late 2005 the community created some tools to preserve quality and accuracy. Things
28、 didnt go as planned. DA study published in the American Behavioral Science Journal by former Wikimedia fellows earlier this year found that the new automated quality-control tools and bureaucratic editing guidelines “crippled the very growth they were designed to manage“ by scaring off new editors:
29、 The proportion of “desirable newcomers“ defined in the study as both “good-faith“ editors who try but fail to be productive and “golden“(successful)contributors entering Wikipedia has not changed since 2006, and they are significantly more likely than their predecessors to have their first contribu
30、tions rejected. The number of editors peaked in 2007 and has been falling ever since, and its now next-to-impossible to become a high-ranking “administrator,“ editors who check entries for accuracy and fairness. EThe Wikimedia foundation disclosed in its 2011-2012 annual report that “declining parti
31、cipation is by far the most serious problem facing the Wikimedia projects.“ The Wikimedia fellows behind a comprehensive study led by computer scientist and University of Minnesota Ph.D. candidate Aaron Halfaker were more blunt: They suggested Wikipedia change its motto from “the encyclopedia that a
32、nyone can edit“ to “the encyclopedia that anyone who understands the norms, socializes him or herself, dodges the impersonal wall of semiautomated rejection and still wants to voluntarily contribute his or her time and energy can edit.“ FWikimedia has been working hard on this problem, but the site
33、is still “almost entirely written by techno-Libertarian white guys in their 30s,“ said Kevin Gorman, a longtime Wikipedia editor who has done work for the Wikimedia Foundation. According to a 2011 worldwide Wikipedia Editor Survey, the typical editor is college-educated, 30 years old, and intimidati
34、ngly tech-savvy(懂行的人 ): 91 percent of them are men. GHeadlines proclaiming Wikipedias decline are “exaggerated and wrong,“ said Andrew Lih, a journalism professor at American University and author of The Wikipedia Revolution. Even Halfaker thinks theres hope. “Im inspired by what Wikipedia has done
35、for the accessibility and access of knowledge generally,“ he told Newsweek. “But that doesnt mean that we cant do better.“ HWikimedia Executive Director Sue Gardner told Newsweek that Wikimedia is primarily focused on fixing the infrastructure, streamlining Wikipedias weak and inscrutable(高深莫测的 )tex
36、t-based editing tool so that its as accessible to undergraduates and grandmas as it is to geeks(极客 ). She believes Visual Editor, currently in buggy Beta(测试 ), will do just that as soon as it stops crashing. IShe also pointed to another pet cause: modifying the sites interface in small ways most use
37、rs probably wont notice. For example, when Wikimedia realized that successful editors got their sea legs by fixing typing errors, the foundation started directing new registrants toward articles full of them. “The idea is to handhold people so theyre getting positive feedback,“ she said. According t
38、o Wikimedia, that quick fix has led to 3,000 new Wikipedians a month making their first edits. JWikimedia has also hired diversity advocates like Sarah Stierch, a longtime Wikipedia editor and gender issues campaigner. Before joining Wikimedia as a program evaluation community coordinator, Stierch h
39、eld a paid Wikimedia fellowship during which she focused on gender work and taught women around the country how to edit Wikipedia. She also founded Teahouse, described on its Wikipedia page as “a friendly place to help new editors become accustomed to Wikipedia culture, ask questions, and develop co
40、mmunity relationships.“ KAdditionally, Wikimedia helps organize domestic and global education programs in which volunteer “ambassadors“ work with college professors to assign Wikipedia entries. Gardner extolled(赞扬 )the virtues of the program in Egypt, launched in spring 2012 to tackle the gender gap
41、 on the Arabic Wikipedia It reached out to arts and languages departments, where there is a higher percentage of female students. According to Wikimedia, 87 percent of the Egyptian student-editors in the program are women, and theyve added more than 1,000 articles to the Arabic Wikipedia and have ma
42、de needed edits on many existing articles. LGorman, the regional ambassador for the U.S. Education Program for California and Hawaii, spoke passionately of his work with professors and undergraduates. But he said the program lacks oversight(监督 ), particularly when it comes to targeting underrepresen
43、ted topics, and wishes Wikimedia would consider paying ambassadors. “A lot of Wikipedians have a strong irrational fear of money,“ he said, which he believes holds back widespread progress. MGardners response: “I dont think we would ever consider paying ambassadors, because we really dont have to. W
44、ikipedians naturally want to share. They like coaching new people.“ Gardner believes Wiki-medias initiatives will start paying off in the next few years and they might but the data arent impressive. Stierch said her grassroots groups havent attracted new women to editing and that Wikimedia still str
45、uggles to find women for leadership positions. NEven if Wikimedia fails to draw a diverse group of users who want to edit, not just battle one another, it seems unlikely that Wikipedia will self-destruct What it offers the world is imperfect, but so much better than no Wikipedia at all even if, as S
46、tierch said, the site “epitomizes(成为 的缩影 )a project started by good-faith white males,“ like so much written history and cultural research in the Western world, that may take years to change. “I cant even imagine a world without Wikipedia at this point,“ Stierch said. “Can you?“ 37 Wild may suffer b
47、oth from its success and the spirit its built upon. 38 Wikimedia is currently working on improving its editing tool. 39 The battle among editors may have negative effects on Wikipedia. 40 Media has repeatedly said that Wikipedia is dying for some years. 41 A majority of the student editors in Egypt
48、in the Wikimedia program are female. 42 Its indicated in a report that the biggest threat to Wikimedia has been the decreasing participation. 43 Gardner believes its unnecessary for Wikipedia to pay the ambassadors. 44 The number of editors reached the highest level in 2007. 45 According to a worldw
49、ide survey, Wikipedia editors are overwhelmingly made up of male. 46 Stierch who has been hired by Wikimedia advocates diversity and concentrates on gender issues. Section C 46 Kyle Maguire wanted to attend the University of Nebraska as soon as he graduated from high school years ago. An aspiring Web developer, he liked the computer-science program and, as an in-state kid, the football-crazy campus fit him perfectly. But the cost more tha
