1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 197及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Taking Action Is More Important than Daydreaming. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Section A （ A） Playing the guitar. （ B） Working at a
2、restaurant. （ C） Singing in a rock concert. （ D） Dancing in a ballet recital. （ A） Because she has to work at the store. （ B） Because she is planning to go on a vacation. （ C） Because she is going to Washington. （ D） Because she has to stay at home. （ A） He doesnt have a way of getting there. （ B） H
3、e will call the band to bring him there. （ C） He will go there in a big van with the woman. （ D） He will go there himself after he played in Washington. （ A） A recorder. （ B） A book. （ C） An album. （ D） A big van. （ A） A product designed for newborn babies. （ B） A company providing babysitter servic
4、e. （ C） A television program regarding babies. （ D） A toy for newborn babies. （ A） To protect its skull. （ B） To protect its feet. （ C） To protect its neck. （ D） To protect its face. （ A） There is a large space for the babies. （ B） It is made of break-resistance material. （ C） It is quite light. （ D
5、） It is painted with clowns. （ A） Demonstrate how the product works. （ B） Invite a volunteer to try the product. （ C） Move on to talk about another product. （ D） Ask another person to explain it in detail. Section B （ A） How to safeguard the computer network. （ B） How to steal top secret files from
6、a military base. （ C） How to make modern devices broadcast invisible, inaudible signals. （ D） How to use an FM radio to detect the invisible, inaudible signals. （ A） Because it costs $ 77 billion to develop further. （ B） Because it even puts data in offline devices in danger. （ C） Because it aims at
7、 nuclear facilities and military bases. （ D） Because it is revealed to reporters and the public. （ A） By getting all the devices off the Internet. （ B） By stopping using all the advanced laser printers. （ C） By installing high-tech anti-hacking softwares. （ D） By using an AM radio to detect the sign
8、als. （ A） To shorten the gap between the rural community and the Silicon Valley. （ B） To provide some proper training for students in a rural community. （ C） To recruit competent employees from communities around the Silicon Valley. （ D） To offer internship positions for outstanding students from ru
9、ral communities. （ A） 10 hours. （ B） 1 week. （ C） 1 month. （ D） 10 months. （ A） Students studying in a three-year college. （ B） Students whose fathers are farmers. （ C） Students majoring in agriculture. （ D） Students who have a demonstrated ability in math or science. （ A） From his father. （ B） From
10、 AT&T. （ C） From his university. （ D） From a CNN report. Section C （ A） Incidents of workers caused global anger. （ B） Kafala system leaves workers open to abuse. （ C） An Indonesian worker was starved to death. （ D） Migrant workers can be targets of abuse. （ A） Her supporters paid the family of the
11、man she killed. （ B） She got help from the International Labor Organization. （ C） She argued that her employer was raping her at the time. （ D） She spent a month in a hospital because of her injuries. （ A） It needs negotiation for better conditions. （ B） It requires at least a three-year suspension.
12、 （ C） It can become similar to human trafficking. （ D） It needs ILOs approval on Convention 189. （ A） His books have been sold worldwide. （ B） He can speak and write eight languages. （ C） His lifestyle is well-known in the world. （ D） He has been to many countries before. （ A） It appears in your phy
13、siology. （ B） It is in your value system. （ C） It is emphasized by philosophers. （ D） It carries its own beliefs. （ A） It is the centre of the world. （ B） It is not easy to reach. （ C） It has no room for lies. （ D） It is bright like the sun. （ A） Try to get what youve missed. （ B） Love the abundance
14、 you have. （ C） Think of ways to be better. （ D） Be satisfied with your past. （ A） Imitating the words in movies. （ B） Remembering words in a song. （ C） Listening and repeating words. （ D） Speaking the words to a rhythm. （ A） The three groups did exactly the same. （ B） The first group did the best i
15、n 4 tests. （ C） The second group performed better. （ D） The third group came out on top. （ A） Singing could lead to new ways of learning a foreign language. （ B） Learners shouldnt use music all the time to learn a foreign language. （ C） Language learners already know the value of using singing. （ D）
16、 Adults learn words better when remembering them in songs. Section A 26 The selfishness of humans is a central assumption of orthodox(传统的 )economics, where it is thought to lead to benefits for the economy as a whole. It is what the 18th-century Scottish economist Adam Smith described as the “invisi
17、ble hand“. But evolutionary biologists have come to see cooperation and selflessness as a big part of our【 C1】 _as a species. During the course of our evolution, they point out, cooperative groups【 C2】 _outcompeted groups of cheats. So we are inherently cooperative when operating within our own grou
18、ps. We have also【 C3】 _social mechanisms to reinforce actions that benefit the group. “ You could say teamwork at the scale of small groups is the signature【 C4】 _of our species,“ says evolutionary biologist David Sloan Wilson from Binghamton University in New York. But【 C5】 _teamwork can include a
19、competition mechanism to promote actions that benefit the group, particularly in larger groups. Its also important to remember that in-group cooperation evolved partly in response to competition between groups. This evolutionary perspective is radically new to economics, and it could be relevant to
20、grand-scale economic problems that require solutions involving cooperation between nations. Take the challenge of getting nations to work together over economic solutions to climate changea【 C6】 _focus in the run-up to climate negotiations in Paris, France, later this year. This is a gargantuan(巨大的
21、)problem from any perspective, but it is【 C7】 _an issue of coordination for the sake of the common good at a massive scale, says Wilson. “ The challenge is therefore to【 C8】 _at larger scales the coordination and control that takes place more spontaneously at smaller scales,“ he saysfrom multicellul
22、ar(多细胞的 )organisms to village-sized groups of humans. “ Morality evolved out of cooperation within and competition between groups, so when acting as a single group to tackle global problems we will have to【 C9】_the role of natural selection ourselves,“ Wilson says. This might involve pursuing a wide
23、 variety of【 C10】 _, identifying those that work best, and then creating incentives to cooperate on implementation. “In some ways its the opposite of the invisible hand. “ A)adaptation I)particular B)assume J)promptly C)compel K)remarkable D)consistently L)rumor E)developed M)strategies F)effective
24、N)success G)essentially O)suspicion H)implement 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 Rainforest City AA patch of tropical rainforest has twice the number of mammal species, five times the bats and birds and ten times the types of tre
25、es than an identical sized patch of temperate forest. Explaining this diversity is extremely difficult, but much of the answer lies in the unique complexity, productivity and dynamism of the place. These three features have simultaneously fed upon each other to erect and populate the equivalent of v
26、ast, buzzing metropolises in the living world. BIn fact, the more we look at the rainforest, the more we see parallels with a city. Just like a city, the rainforest has “guilds“groups that share a common livelihood. Where the city may have guilds of locksmiths and fishmongers(鱼贩 ), the rainforest ha
27、s guilds of understorey nectar eaters and emergent epiphytes(附生植物 ). And, just as a large city offers more employment opportunities than a small town, the rainforest has significantly more guilds than other habitats. This is partly due to its more complex structurethe fact that there is an understor
28、ey means species can find a livelihood in the understorey but the rainforest is also effectively open all year and so it offers employment that is simply not available in other habitats. CA deckchair attendant in Britain has to do odd jobs in the winter, but in Thailand its a year-round occupation.
29、Similarly, no animal can be just a seed-eater in an oak forest, because acorns only fall in autumn. In the rainforest, seeds are always falling from the canopy(树冠 ), and so seed-eating is a legitimate professionit has its own guild. Similarly, due to the year-round demand in cities, specialists such
30、 as carpet-cleaners, copywriters and couriers can thrive, while in a small town, they are absent. DThe rainforest “job market“ is also enormous as a result of its permanently booming “economy“. In nature, energy is the currency, and the incredible productivity of the rainforest ensures that theres a
31、lways enough of it around to enable millions of species to live side by side. And, to avoid competition, natural selection has made sure that, even within a guild there are tiny differences in the diets, habitats or behaviors of each member. The rainforest could therefore be regarded as a vast assoc
32、iation of specialists, a community of animals and plants that ply their own very particular trade. In insects, the specialization is extreme. Most live on only one or two species of plant. One tree in Panama was found to have 163 species of beetles that were exclusive to that type of tree. EMost rai
33、nforest plants protect their leaves with poisons. In order to eat a plants leaves, the insects have to evolve to become tolerant to its particular cocktail of toxins(毒素 ). After thousands of years, most herbivorous insects are committed to living on their host plant alone. So, every poison-laced rai
34、nforest tree has a whole community of species living on, under and around it that are not found anywhere else. This situation is not unique to the rainforest. The same happens in Britain. In oak or Scots pine forests, a host of species live on just the oak trees or Scots pines. But the fact is that
35、in these forests, virtually every tree is an oak or a Scots pine. FWhat makes the rainforest so special, and so diverse, is that in one hectare there can be 300 different types of trees, each with its own exclusive community. In one tract of forest there are thousands, and worldwide there could be u
36、p to 50,000 canopy-tree species. To an insect, the rainforest isnt just one job market, but thousands of different job markets, all located in the same city. This “mosaic(组合 )of trees“ is probably the single most important cause of diversity in the rainforest, and yet we dont really understand how i
37、t happensthat is, why you dont normally find groves of trees in the rainforest. GIt could be that the 50,000 different trees suit 50,000 different types of plots and that the best tree for the spot excludes all the others. Or, it could be that all the trees are as “good“ as each other and that the f
38、orest is trapped in an endless game of tick-tack-toe(三连游戏 )with no ultimate winner. Or, it could be that some species are better than the others and are in the process of taking over, but because this process would take centuries, they never quite manage it before something such as a storm or landsl
39、ide puts them back to square one. HBut none of these explanations answers a simple question: if this is true for the rainforest, why isnt it true for an oak forest in England? The only theory that solves this puzzle is one that looks back to animals for an answer. Remember the guild of seed-eaters?
40、In the rainforest a long list of species belongs to this guild. There are beetles and weevils(象鼻虫 ), squirrels and mice, rats, birds and larger mammals such as forest pigs, deer and tapirs. When this gang finds a tree in fruit, they feast until virtually no seed survives. The only seeds that are spa
41、red are those scattered far and wide, lying alone on the forest floor. It is these seeds that will go on to create the next generation of canopy treesone that, like the previous generation, is also scattered far and wide. IThis is how the seed-eaters might create a mosaic of treesby stopping any one
42、 tree from becoming too common. It wouldnt happen in an English oak forest because there is no guild of seed-eatersits not a year-round occupation. No one doubts that the rainforest is extremely valuable, but not everyone sees this value in the same way. Timber merchants, for example, see one kind o
43、f value, and environmentalists see another. To many scientists, a rainforest is most valuable when left alone to prosper without human interference, but with a growing human population, a global market for extracted goods and the extent of poverty around the equator, an evaluation of the rainforest
44、has to be more practical than this. JA new breed of rainforest valuation attempts to fit into the accounting books of nations and international organisations. It speaks the language of accountants, costs both the benefits of an intact rainforest and the losses of a vanished one, works out a forests
45、“natural capital“ and assesses its contribution to “environmental services“. Its grand conclusion:each hectare of intact rainforest is worth about 4, 500. It may not sound much, but that puts more than 7.5 trillion in the pockets of some of the most troubled countries on Earth. KSo where does this f
46、igure come from? Three quarters of it represents the uncollected harvest of a living rainforest. Managed sensibly, a wild forest can yield all sorts of sustainable cropstimber, fruit, nuts, fiber, pulpwood, gums, resins, oils, veneerand there are many more treasures in there that we havent discovere
47、d yet. At least 3,000 fruits are known from rainforest plant collections, but only 200 of these are now in the marketplace. There are thousands of timbers, resins and oils that weve never analyzed. LAnd, perhaps most important of all, the rainforest is a natural pharmacy(药房 ). All those poisonous pl
48、ants are a goldmine of possible drugs. To date, less than one percent of rainforest plants have been examined for medicinal uses, but even this tiny percentage yields a quarter of all prescription drugs. Estimates suggest that the market value of those still secreted in the forest would run to hundr
49、eds of billions of pounds. MThe remaining quarter stems from the value of the chores that the rainforest carries out on our behalf purifying air and water, preventing floods and drought, pollinating(授粉 )our crops, controlling our pests. Fertilizing our soil and reducing the effects of global warming by storing carbon. If the rainforest disappears. Well have to pick up the tab for all of these services, and this means that each time a hectare of forest is felled it a
