1、大学英语六级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 231及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation. “ You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more
2、 than 200 words. Section A （ A） He has booked a tour with the agent. （ B） His nephew wants to book a tour with the agent. （ C） He wants to have some advice from the agent. （ D） He wants to pay the tour to France. （ A） It should be the same as the ones they had before. （ B） It should be different fro
3、m the ones they had before. （ C） It should be expensive enough. （ D） It should be extremely cheap. （ A） Interested. （ B） Indifferent. （ C） Suspicious. （ D） Negative. （ A） Because he used to live in France. （ B） Because he likes chatting with French people. （ C） Because he studies French at school. （
4、 D） Because he likes French food. （ A） She never used the services offered by the Career Services Center. （ B） She logged on the e-fairs of the Career Services Center. （ C） She didnt like the services offered by the Career Services Center. （ D） She has used the career mentoring program. （ A） There w
5、ill be lots of job opportunities in these two areas. （ B） There will be less job opportunities in these two areas. （ C） There will be no changes in the job opportunities in these two areas. （ D） There will be more and more job candidates competing in these two areas. （ A） It will establish a databas
6、e for her. （ B） It will help her find an internship. （ C） It will help her find a job when she graduates. （ D） It will help her do a series of tests again. （ A） Stop by the Career Services Center and ask for help. （ B） Look for an internship. （ C） Change his major to accounting. （ D） Call the Career
7、 Services Center to make an appointment. Section B （ A） Because there are many developing nations. （ B） Because people use too many man-made materials. （ C） Because we have more and more industry. （ D） Because we are building more vehicles. （ A） Industrial development. （ B） Their own health. （ C） Th
8、eir childrens future. （ D） Sound environment. （ A） Man knows where the society is going. （ B） The speaker is worried about the future of our modern society. （ C） People dont welcome the rapid development of modern society. （ D） Man can do nothing about the problem of pollution. （ A） Diamond-producin
9、g rivers are disappearing because of climate change. （ B） Diamond couldnt be formed without great heat and pressure of the volcano. （ C） Earthquakes brought some diamonds up to the surface of the earth. （ D） Explosion of the volcano can damage diamonds as well. （ A） Under the riverbed. （ B） On the m
10、ountainside. （ C） In the narrow volcanic pipes. （ D） At the foot of the mountains. （ A） They never came back home with desired diamonds. （ B） They lost the hard-earned diamonds on their way back. （ C） They were sentenced to death for stealing diamonds. （ D） They returned home as content as millionai
11、res. （ A） South Africa. （ B） Eastern Russia. （ C） India. （ D） Congo. Section C （ A） Congressional representatives. （ B） Congressional aides. （ C） Members of Congress. （ D） Local citizens. （ A） Los Angeles. （ B） New York. （ C） Washington. （ D） San Francisco. （ A） More than 60,000. （ B） Less than 60,0
12、00. （ C） More than 6,000. （ D） Less than 6,000. （ A） Help develop ideas for laws that their bosses can eventually propose to Congress. （ B） Help members of Congress stay in touch with citizens in their districts. （ C） Keep their bosses informed about pending legislation. （ D） Keep their local congre
13、ssional representatives up-to-date. （ A） It seriously impacts their physical and mental development. （ B） It has become a problem affecting global economic growth. （ C） It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries. （ D） It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries. （ A） T
14、hey will live longer. （ B） They get better pay. （ C） They get along well with people. （ D） They develop much higher IQs. （ A） Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods. （ B） Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a childs life. （ C） Recruited volunteers to teach rur
15、al people about health and nutrition. （ D） Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. （ A） Italy. （ B） France. （ C） Germany. （ D） America. （ A） 4,000. （ B） 1,400. （ C） 140. （ D） 14,000.00 （ A） Unsuccessful. （ B） Electrifying. （ C） Full of energy. （ D） Dynamic. Section A 26
16、 Employers are far less likely to employ people with mental illnesses than those with physical ailments (疾病 ), a report shows. The government is【 C1】 _ an initiative urging employers to improve conditions for people with a mental health problem. It is【 C2】 _ one in four people will suffer a mental i
17、llness at some point in their lives. And even for those with more common types of mental illness, such as【 C3】_ , only about half are【 C4】 _ employed. The voluntary standards, launched to【 C5】 _ with World Mental Health Day, will also be used by public sector organizations, including local councils,
18、 government departments and hospitals. The Disability Discrimination Act, which comes into force this December, will require these bodies to end【 C6】 _ discrimination and promote equality of opportunity. Health Minister Rosie Winterton said: “【 C7】 _ and stigma (耻辱 ) still surround the issue of ment
19、al ill-health and when someone does develop a problem, they often do not get the support they need from society to help them recover. “ “We all have a role to play in helping to【 C8】 _ this issue. Employers can help by raising awareness of mental health issues among staff, supporting those affected
20、and combating discrimination against staff and customers. “ “This is good for staff and good for employers, who we know will benefit from reduced staff【 C9】 _ and sickness absences.“ Work and Pensions Minister Lord Hunt said, “Work is important and beneficial to our physical and mental well-being. B
21、ecause of this, it is essential that we remove the【 C10】 _ that prevent people starting, returning to, or remaining in work. “ A) tackle I) estimated B) issue J) launching C) turnover K) fair D) competitively L) depression E) coincide M) taking F) unlawful N) generally G) barriers O) ignorance H) pa
22、rticularly 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 The Public Health Crisis Hiding in Our Food A If you have high blood pressure, youre in good company. Hypertension (高血压 ) afflicts 67 million Americans, including nearly two-thirds of p
23、eople over age 60. But it isnt an inevitable part of the aging process, Its better to think of it as chronic sodium intoxication (钠中毒 ). And, as an important new study from Britain shows, theres a way to prevent the problemand to save many, many lives. B A lifetime of consuming too much sodiummostly
24、 in the form of sodium chloride (氯化钠 ), or table saltraises blood pressure, and high blood pressure kills and disables people by triggering strokes and heart attacks. In the United States, according to best estimates, excess sodium is killing between 40,000 and 90,000 people and running up to $20 bi
25、llion in medical costs a year. C Americans on average take in about 3, 300 milligrams of sodium per day, but experts recommend less than 2,300 milligramsand less than 1,500 milligrams for people over age 50, black people, or those who already have hypertension, diabetes (糖尿病 ) or kidney (肾脏 ) diseas
26、e, which adds up to a majority of American adults. Either target is far below where most Americans are now. D The reason that nearly everyone eats too much sodium is that our food is loaded with it, and often where we dont taste or expect it. Of course ham and canned soup are full of salt, but so ar
27、e many foods that are surprising: A blueberry muffin (松饼 ) can have more than double the salt of a serving of potato chips. Even healthy-sounding food can pack heavy sodium loads. Two slices of whole wheat bread can have nearly 400 milligrams of sodium, as can two tablespoons of fat-free salad dress
28、ing. Eight ounces of V8 vegetable juice contains well over 500 milligrams. Many restaurant entrees (主菜 ) have far more sodium than is recommended for an entire day. Applebees lemon shrimp fettuccine (意大利宽面条 ) , at 5 ,100 milligrams, has more than twice as much. E Doctors warn people with high blood
29、pressure to go on a low-salt diet, but thats virtually impossible in todays world, because nearly 80 percent of the sodium that Americans eat comes in packaged and restaurant food (whether its a bagel, a sandwich or a steak dinner). You cant take it out. And nearly everyone, not just people with hyp
30、ertension puzzling over food labels, should be taking in less sodium. The only way to prevent millions of Americans from developing high blood pressure is for companies and restaurants to stop loading up their food with sodium. F Health experts have been asking the food industry to do that for decad
31、es. Its not easy, but it isnt impossible either. Sure, we all like the taste of salt, but there is much that food companies can do without driving away customers. Often they add sodium for leavening (发酵 ) or food texture (质地 ) rather than taste, when replacement ingredients are available. And sodium
32、 levels in similar popular foods made by different manufacturers often vary two- or threefold (for example, a slice of pizza can pack anywhere from between 370 and 730 milligrams) , which suggests that many manufacturers can cut sodium levels in their foods sharply without hurting taste. When salt l
33、evels in food drop, peoples preference for salt also shifts down, so no one would notice a gradual reduction in sodium across all foods. G Thats exactly what Britains Food Standards Agency has done. It divided processed food into different categories, set salt-reduction targets in each category and
34、then asked companies to meet those targets over time. And as these companies did that, from 2001 to 2011 , sodium consumption by the British fell 15 percent. The new study shows that this drop in salt intake has been accompanied by a substantial reduction in average blood pressure, a 40 percent drop
35、 in deaths from heart attacks and a 42 percent decline in deaths from stroke. H A few scientific critics have been arguing for years that reducing salt intake is risky because it might increase mortality in some people receiving aggressive treatment for congestive heart failure, but the British data
36、 show at a national level what smaller studies projectthat when sodium levels in everyones food drop, so does the number of people dying from heart disease and stroke. I Lower smoking rates in Britain no doubt are helping as well, but as the authors of the study point out, the fall in mortality echo
37、es the success of Japan and Finland in earlier decades, both of which reduced sodium consumption from sky-high levels with focused government efforts and saw huge drops in heart attacks and strokes. J Here in the United States, in 2010, an Institute of Medicine panel was so troubled by salt-caused d
38、eaths that it called for mandatory federal standards for sodium in food. But the question of whether the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) should regulate salt is more complicated than it might seem at first. As an expert once told me, youre never going to ban pickles(泡菜 ). K The only way to regula
39、te that I can see is to set maximum sodium levels within many different food categories. But that could lead to opposite results if the levels are set high and then the companies already making food with sodium below those levels take the new limits as license to increase to the maximum amount of so
40、dium permitted. I believe that in the end we will need a combination of mandated maximums and a coordinated voluntary sodium-reduction program like that in Britain. But the voluntary plan should come first, to see how much sodium levels can be reduced that way. L There is absolutely no reason we can
41、t do an initiative similar to Britains on this side of the Atlantic now. Over the last four years, the New York City health department has led the National Salt Reduction Initiative, a network of over 90 health departments and national organizations, including the American Medical Association, the A
42、merican Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology and Consumers Union, working with food companies to voluntarily cut sodium, using Britain as a model. M Twenty-one companies, including food giants like Kraft, Unilever and Subway, and many others like Mars and Goya, have joined, putting
43、less sodium in common products like processed cheese and canned beans. But far more food companies are ignoring it, and the initiative got no commitments at all in 18 of 62 packaged food categories. N A proposal as important to human life as this needs the stature and resources of the federal govern
44、ment to bring the rest of the food industry along. The FDA has been developing a new plan for a voluntary, coordinated, national initiative. Unfortunately, even though it is voluntary, the food industry is fighting it, and the plan is stalled (停滞不前 ). O Many people are unnecessarily on kidney dialys
45、is (透析 ), in stroke rehabilitation (康复 ) centers and dying because we are failing to act. Even modest reductions in sodium in food could save tens of thousands of lives and billions in health care costs every year. No one likes government mandates (指令 ) these days. But its high time the federal gove
46、rnment started to fix this problem by at least leading a voluntary initiative that we know will save many lives. 37 Its possible that food companies reduce sodium substantially in their foods with little effect on their taste. 38 The American federal government is called for to take a lead in contro
47、lling the sodium in food. 39 The achievements of another two countries suggest that smoking relates less to the decline in deaths from heart disease and stroke in Britain. 40 The foods that contain sodium and the amount of sodium they contain are beyond our imagination. 41 To set maximum amounts of
48、sodium within different food categories may not bring the expected results. 42 Annually tens of thousands of deaths and huge medical expenditures are caused by a life-long consumption of excess sodium in the USA. 43 Now its hard for people to eat less sodium since sodium mainly comes from the foods
49、produced by companies and restaurants. 44 It is sodium, rather than aging, that is responsible for high blood pressure that millions of Americans suffer from. 45 An initiative based on Britains model has received limited success in the USA. 46 The average amount of sodium consumed by an American per day is well above the recommended level. Section C 46 The “paperless office“ has earned a proud place on lists of technological promises that did not come to pass. S
